species Leaunio lienosus (Conrad, 1834): synonymy

Unio lienosus Conrad, 1834

Conrad, 1834. Amer. J. Sci. 25(2): 339, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(7): 60, pl. 34, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 251.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_9747, Alabama R., Ala.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) lienosus — Simpson (1900)
Eurynia (Micromya) lienosa — Ortmann (1912), Ortmann (1916), Utterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) lienosa — Simpson (1914)
Micromya lienosa — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956), Williams et al. (1993)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Gordon et al. (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Cummings & Mayer (1992), ... Keogh & Simons (2019), Porto-Hannes et al. (2019), Inoue et al. (2020), Fukata & Iigo (2020), Hauck et al. (2023)
Villosa lienosa lienosa — Oesch (1984)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)
V. lienosa — Marshall et al. (2018)
Leaunio lienosus — Burlakova et al. (2019), Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Rogers et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), ... Wu et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2024), Wu et al. (2024), Chen et al. (2025), FMCS (2025)
Leaunio lienosa — Dai et al. (2025)

Unio saxeus Conrad, 1838

Conrad, 1838. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 109, pl. 60, fig. 1.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 257.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) lienosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) lienosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Villosa lienosa lienosa — Oesch (1984)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio haleianus Lea, 1842

Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 247 [85], pl. 27, fig. 63.
Lea, 1843. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 224.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85306, Alexandria, La.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) haleianus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) haleiana — Simpson (1914)
Carunculina parva-haleiana — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Vidrine (1993)
Toxolasma parvus — Howells et al. (1996), R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio caliginosus Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 165.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 79 [53], pl. 7, fig. 21.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85108, Red R., Alexandria, Louisiana.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) lienosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) lienosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Villosa lienosa lienosa — Oesch (1984)
Leaunio lienosus caliginosus — Watters (2018)

Unio gouldii Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 165.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 76 [50], pl. 6, fig. 16.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_85160, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Lampsilis (Proptera) gouldii — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio nigerrimus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 268, pl. 18, fig. 23.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85307, Alexandria, Louisiana.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nigerrimus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nigerrima — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus caliginosus — Watters (2018)

Unio proximus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 271 [27], pl. 20, fig. 27.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85131, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ogeecheensis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ogeecheensis — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa delumbis — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Villosa lienosa — Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio apicinus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 32.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 76, pl. 14, fig. 56.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) apicinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) apicina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio concestator Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 31.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 66, pl. 12, fig. 48.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85102, Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio fallax Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 32.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 79, pl. 15, fig. 59.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1914)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio intercedens Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 32.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 77, pl. 15, fig. 57.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85122, Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio obfuscus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 172.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 197 [15], pl. 22, fig. 80.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85089, Flint R., Macon Ga.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) gracilior — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) gracilior — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) gracilior — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia gracilior — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000)
Villosa lienosa — Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio subellipsis Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 62, pl. 10, fig. 44.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85095, creeks near Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000)
Ligumia stagnalis — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio prattii Lea, 1858

Lea, 1858. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 10: 166.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 206 [24], pl. 24, figs. 88-88a.
Type(s): POSSIBLE SYNTYPES USNM_85145, Roswell, Cobb Co., Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) prattii — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) prattii — Simpson (1914)
Unio prattii, var. — de Gregorio (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) prattii — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia prattii — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio dispar Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 305.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 327 [9], pl. 51, fig. 153.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85101, Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) dispar — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) dispar — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex-dispar — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio linguaeformis Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 305 [as ‘linguæformis’].
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 345, pl. 56, fig. 170 [as ‘linguæformis’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85259, Columbus, Ga.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio contiguus Lea, 1861

Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 392.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 199 [21], pl. 28, fig. 268.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85120, Stewarts Mill Dam, Union Co., N.C.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) delumbis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia delumbis — Haas (1969)
Villosa delumbis — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Villosa lienosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio bicaelatus Reeve, 1865

Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 26, sp. 130 [as ‘bi-cælatus’].

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) concestator — Simpson (1914)
Nodularia laevirostris — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio fuligo Reeve, 1865

Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 30, sp. 159.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nigerrimus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nigerrima — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Leaunio lienosus lienosus — Watters (2018)

Unio fontanus Conrad, 1866

Conrad, 1866. Amer. J. Conch. 2: 279, pl. 15, fig. 3.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_56458, Vicksburg, Miss.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) lienosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) lienosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Villosa lienosa lienosa — Oesch (1984)
Leaunio lienosus caliginosus — Watters (2018)

Unio unicostatus B.H. Wright, 1899

B.H. Wright, 1899. Nautilus 13: 79.
Type(s): USNM_159966, Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) lienosus var. unicostatus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) lienosa var. unicostata — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) lienosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa lienosus — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia lienosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)
Leaunio lienosus unicostatus — Watters (2018)

Leaunio lienosus aquilonius Watters, 2018

Watters, 2018. Visaya, Suppl. (10): 37, pl. 19.

Leaunio lienosus aquilonius — Watters (2018)

Leaunio lienosus ouachitaensis Watters, 2018

Watters, 2018. Visaya, Suppl. (10): 40, pl. 21.

Leaunio lienosus ouachitaensis — Watters (2018)

Unio bicoelatus Lea, 1870

‘Reeve’ Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 63 [as ‘bicœlatus’].
(error for Unio bicaelatus Reeve, 1865)

Unio calliginosus Lea, 1870

‘Lea’ Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 45.
(error for Unio caliginosus Lea, 1845)

Unio haleanus Singley, 1893

Singley, 1893. Geol. Surv. Texas (1892): 321.
(error for Unio haleianus Lea, 1842)