species Villosa vibex (Conrad, 1834): synonymy

Unio modioliformis Lea, 1834

Lea, 1834. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5 [O. 1]: 97 [209], pl. 13, fig. 40.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85029, Santee Canal, S. Carolina.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) modioliformis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) modioliformis — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) modioliformis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia modioliformis — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters (2018)
Villosa modioliformis — Bogan (2010)

Unio vibex Conrad, 1834

Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 31, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 260.
UNKNOWN ANSP_56488, Black Warrior River, Ala.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Eurynia (Micromya) vibex — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), ... FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)

Unio exiguus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 287.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 191 [29], pl. 7, fig. 1.
HOLOTYPE USNM_84974, Chattahoochee R., Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014), Watters (2018)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)

Unio pellucidus Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 163.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 70 [44], pl. 2, fig. 6.
HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) ANSP_56493, [no locality available - North America].

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) pellucidus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. amygdalum) pellucida — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Villosa) pellucidus — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Villosa) pellucida — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014), Watters (2018)

Unio stagnalis Conrad, 1849

Conrad, 1849. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 300.
Conrad, 1850. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1: 275, pl. 37, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 257.
HOLOTYPE MCZ_178778, Ogeechee River, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) stagnalis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia stagnalis — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters (2018)

Unio prevostianus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 269 [25], pl. 19, fig. 24.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ogeecheensis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. subrostrata) ogeecheensis — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters (2018)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)

Unio nigrinus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 284 [40], pl. 24, fig. 44.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
HOLOTYPE USNM_86132, W Florida.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex var. nigrinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex var. nigrina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex-nigrina — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014), Watters (2018)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)

Unio rutilans Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 59, pl. 9, fig. 41.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85093, Othcalooga Cr., Gordon Co., Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters (2018)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)

Unio sudus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 170.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 194 [12], pl. 21, fig. 77.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85155, Dry Creek, near Columbus, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) sudus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. amygdalum) suda — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) ogeecheensis — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex — Clench & Turner (1956), R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Brim Box & Williams (2000), Williams et al. (2008), Watters (2018)
Ligumia ogeecheensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa lienosa — Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014)

Unio gracilior Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 56, pl. 8, fig. 38 [as ‘gracillior’].
HOLOTYPE USNM_85088, Buckhead Creek, Georgia.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) gracilior — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) gracilior — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) gracilior — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia gracilior — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters (2018), Bieler (2021)

Unio averellii B.H. Wright, 1888

B.H. Wright, 1888. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 40: 115, pl. 3, fig. 2.
LECTOTYPE USNM_91142 (by R.I. Johnson, 1967: 5), Lake Ashby, Fla.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex var. nigrinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex var. nigrina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vibex-nigrina — Frierson (1927)
Villosa vibex amygdalum — Clench & Turner (1956)
Ligumia vibex — Haas (1969)
Villosa vibex — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2014), Watters (2018)

Unio floridensis Wright & Wright, 1888

(misidentified reference to Unio floridensis Lea, 1852)
Wright & Wright, 1888. Conch. Exchange 2: 105.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex var. nigrinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex var. nigrina — Simpson (1914)

Unio averillii “Wright” of Authors

(error for Unio averellii B.H. Wright, 1888)
“Wright” of Authors.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 560.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 138.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 76.
R.I. Johnson, 1970. Bull. MCZ 140(6): 373.
R.I. Johnson, 1972. Bull. Fla. State Mus. 16(4): 237.
Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 159.

Villosa vibex — Watters (2018)

Unio gracillior Lea, 1858

(error for Unio gracilior Lea, 1857)
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 56.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) gracilior — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) gracilior — Simpson (1914)
Villosa vibex — Bieler (2021)

Unio delumbis Küster, 1861

(misidentified reference to Unio delumbis Conrad, 1834)
‘Conrad’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 207, pl. 69, fig. 1.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) modioliformis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) modioliformis — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) modioliformis — Frierson (1927)

Unio prevostianus Sowerby, 1868

(reference to Unio prevostianus Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 63, sp. 315.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)

Unio subangulatus Sowerby, 1868

(misidentified reference to Unio subangulatus Lea, 1840)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 65, sp. 327.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vibex — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. modioliformis) vibex — Simpson (1914)

Unio prevostianns de Gregorio, 1914

(error for Unio prevostianus Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 39.

Margaron (Unio) previostianus Watters, 2018

(error for Unio prevostianus Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ Watters, 2018. Visaya, Suppl. (10): 10.