MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
Geography
Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Mon 2 March 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Margaritiferidae | Margaritiferinae | Margaritifera margaritifera
nominal species Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758
Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 = Margaritifera margaritifera
Lister, 1678. Hist. Anim. Anglic.: [app.] 15, pl. 1, fig. 1. [pre-linnaean]
Lister, 1685. Conch.: pl. 149, fig. 4. [pre-linnaean]
Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. 1: 671, sp. 20.
Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat. 1(2): 1112, sp. 29.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE LS_29, “Habitat in totius orbis arctici cataractis.”.
Taxonomic Opinions
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Dai et al., 2026: Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Moorkens et al., 2026: 2, fig. 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Campbell & Lydeard, 2026: 287.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Dai et al., 2025: Table 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Dai et al., 2025: Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Chen et al., 2025: Table S3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — FMCS, 2025: [1].
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Chen et al., 2025: Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Wang et al., 2025: Table S2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Chen et al., 2025: Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Wu et al., 2024: 5, 7, Tables 1-2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Liu et al., 2024: Table 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Wu et al., 2024: Tables S2-S3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zieritz et al., 2024: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Matos et al., 2024: 895.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Matos et al., 2024: 698.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Dai et al., 2024: 1194, Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Dai et al., 2024: Table 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Wu et al., 2024: Tables S2-S3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Dai et al., 2024: Table 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zhang et al., 2024: Fig. 5, Table S3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Hou et al., 2024: Table 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Ma et al., 2024: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Sundberg et al., 2024: 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Nakamura et al., 2024: 3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Dai et al., 2023: 156, Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Prié et al., 2023: Supplemental Material 2, p. 4.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Hopper et al., 2023.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Wu et al., 2023: Tables 2-3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Wu et al., 2022: Table S2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Jeratthitikul et al., 2022: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L., 1758) — Vikhrev et al., 2022: 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bogatov, 2022: 48, pl. 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Hata et al., 2022: 2637.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Klunzinger et al., 2021: 2954.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Graf & Cummings, 2021: 25.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Príe et al., 2021: 2934, Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zieritz et al., 2021: 3176.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2021: 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — FMCS, 2021: [1].
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Smith, 2021: 4.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Wu et al., 2021: attached Tables 1-2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Stewart et al., 2021: 453, Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Múrria et al., 2020: Table S1 [S2].
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2020: S22.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2020: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Sano et al., 2020: 99.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Wu et al., 2020: 59.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Vinarski et al., 2020: Appendix 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Österling et al., 2020: 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lor et al., 2020: 838.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Wu et al., 2020: 195.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Soroka, 2020: 600.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Linløkken et al., 2020: 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Huang et al., 2019: Table S4.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Pfeiffer et al., 2019: 116.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019: 1417.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Hewitt et al., 2019: 26.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Lyubas et al., 2019: 14.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2019: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Lemer et al., 2019: 4, Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Vikhrev et al., 2019: 7, fig. 5, Table 3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Guerra et al., 2019: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Hewitt et al., 2018: [12].
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Soroka et al., 2018: 4.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Vikhrev et al., 2018: 73, appendix 5.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2018: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Pfeiffer et al., 2018: [3], Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Huang et al., 2018: 302.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lopes-Lima et al., 2018: 103, Table 3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Chase et al., 2018: Table S2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Bogatov et al., 2018: 203.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L., 1758) — Anisimova et al., 2018: 9.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lopes-Lima et al., 2017: 578, Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lopes-Lima et al., 2017: 178.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2017: [16], Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bolotov et al., 2017: Table S1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Williams et al., 2017: 36.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Amaro et al., 2017: 740.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Välilä et al., 2017: 92.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Bertucci et al., 2017: 27145.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Froufe et al., 2017: 3266.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Combosch et al., 2017: 195, Table 1.
= Margaritifera (s.s.) margaritifera — Bolotov et al., 2016: 107, 111.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Araujo et al., 2016: 290.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Mitchell et al., 2016: 5.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Vinarski & Kantor, 2016: 59.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Soliman et al., 2016: 122.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Graf et al., 2015: 3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015: 310.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — González & Giribet, 2015: 44.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Bolotov et al., 2015: 7.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Takeuchi et al., 2015: 220.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Kongim et al., 2015: 103.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Gonzáles et al., 2015: 5.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zieritz et al., 2015: 82.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L., 1758) — Graf et al., 2014: 307.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bieler et al., 2014: Table 1.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Prie et al., 2014: 82.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Bolotov et al., 2013: 222.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L., 1758) — Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013: 251.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Inoue et al., 2013: 287.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Reis et al., 2013: 22.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Mock et al., 2013: 6065.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zhang et al., 2013: 376.
= Margaritifera margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Fauna Europaea, 2012: [web].
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — ITIS, 2012: [web].
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Haag, 2012: 74.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus 1758) — Zieritz et al., 2012: 743.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Breton et al., 2011: 1653.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Whelan et al., 2011: 506.
= Margaritifera margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Bogan, 2010: [20].
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Kantor et al., 2010: 259.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Cummings & Graf, 2010: 375.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Araujo et al., 2009: 95.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Araujo et al., 2009: 20, figs. 9-10.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Watters et al., 2009: 338, fig. 218.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009: 39.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Hoeh et al., 2009: 310.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1858) [sic] — Graf, 2007: 88.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Graf & Cummings, 2007: 312.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Bouza et al., 2007: 937.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Zhou et al., 2007: 1028.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Kneeland & Rhymer, 2007: 280.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Taylor et al., 2007: 590.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Graf & Cummings, 2006: 348.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Walker et al., 2006: 271.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Kantor & Sysoev, 2005: 327.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Källersjö et al., 2005: 416.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) — Geist & Kuehn, 2005: 425.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Campbell et al., 2005: 154.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L., 1758) — Starobogatov et al., 2004: 25, pl. 6, figs. 6-7.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Huff et al., 2004: 381.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bogatov et al., 2003: 42.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Machordom et al., 2003: 237.
= Margaritifera margaritifera L. — Geist et al., 2003: 444.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Roe & Hoeh, 2003: 110.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Giribet & Distel, 2003: 52.
+ Margaritiferidae — Krebs et al., 2003: 311.
= Margaritifera (s.s.) margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Falkner et al., 2002: 55.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Huang et al., 2002: 360.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Hoeh et al., 2002: 126.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — D.G. Smith, 2001: 41, 42.
= Margaritifera (s.s.) margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Falkner et al., 2001: 66.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Nagel & Badino, 2001: 52.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Hoeh et al., 2001: 260.
= Margaritifera margaritifera Linné, 1758 — Bába, 2000: 133, fig. 2.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn., 1758) — Graf, 2000: 15.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn., 1758) — Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000: 160.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Turner et al., 2000: 781.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Campbell, 2000: 33.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bogan & Hoeh, 2000: 162.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Turgeon et al., 1998: 32.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Korniushin, 1998: 77.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Nagel et al., 1998: 100.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Hoeh et al., 1998: 269.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Strayer & Jirka, 1997: 71, pl. 24, fig. 5.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Rosenberg et al., 1997: 303.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — IUCN, 1996: [web].
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Lydeard et al., 1996: 1595.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Ziuganov et al., 1994: 59.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Rosenberg et al., 1994: 112.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Williams et al., 1993: 10.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Turgeon et al., 1988: 31.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Zatravkin, 1983: 43.
= Margaritifera margaritifera — Kat, 1983: 299, fig. 1C.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) — Davis & Fuller, 1981: 219.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Davis et al., 1981: 134.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — R.I. Johnson, 1980: 98, List 3, sp. A; Table 3.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Habe, 1977: 114.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Burch, 1975: 8.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Heard & Guckert, 1970: 338.
= Margaritifera (s.s.) margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Haas, 1969: 11.
= Margaritifera (s.s.) margaritifera (Linné, 1758) — Haas, 1969: N414, fig. D16:3.
= Margaritana margaritifera (L., 1758) — Zhadin, 1965: 235, fig. 249.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linné) — Kira, 1959: 171, pl. 63, fig. 12.
= Unio margaritifera (Linné) — Kira, 1954: 127, pl. 63, fig. 12.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Modell, 1942: 184.
= Margaritifera margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Haas, 1940: 120.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Zhadin, 1938: 106, sp. 1, fig. 34.
= Margaritifera margaritifera (Linné) — Mandahl-Barth, 1938: 19.
= Margaritana (s.s.) margaritifera (Linné) — Thiele, 1934: 816, [1245].
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linné) — Germain, 1931: 717, pl. 22, fig. 583.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Frierson, 1927: 24, sp. 46.
= Margaritana margaritifera L. — Haas, 1924: 79.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Ortmann, 1919: 2, pl. 1, fig. 1.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Simpson, 1914: 513.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnæus) — Ortmann, 1913: 88.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Ortmann, 1912: 230, fig. 1 (anatomy).
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linné, 1758) — Hannibal, 1912: 121.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus) — Preston, 1912: 285.
= Margaritana margaritifera (L.) — Ortmann, 1910: 116.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnæus) — Ortmann, 1909: 208.
= Margaritana margaritifera L. — Kobelt, 1904: 140.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Simpson, 1900: 674.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Lin.) — Drouët, 1898: 83.
= Margaritana margaritifera (L.) — Ihering, 1893: 155.
= Margaritana margaritifera Linné — Locard, 1893: 149.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Lin.) — Westerlund, 1890: 184.
= Margaritana margaritifera Linné — Locard, 1889: 121.
= Margaritana margaritifera L. — B.H. Wright, 1888: [6].
= Unio (Margaritana s.s.) margaritifera (Linné) — Fischer, 1886: 1001.
= Margaritana margaritifera Linné, 1758 — Locard, 1882: 282.
= Margaritana margaritifera Lin. — Drouët, 1881: 19.
= Margaritana margaritifera Linné — Clessin, 1877: 449, fig. 293.
= Margaritana margaritifera — Bourguignat, 1876: 97.
= Margaron (Margaritana) margaritifera (Lin.) — Lea, 1870: 69.
= Unio margaritiferus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Sowerby, 1868: pl. 64, sp. 325.
= Margaritana margaritifera L. — Colbeau, 1868: 106.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Lin.) — Westerlund, 1867: 202.
= Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer L. — Schrenck, 1867: 700.
= Unio margaritifer Linné — Malzine, 1867: 31.
= Margaritana margaritifera Linné — Küster, 1862: 293, pl. 38; pl. 39, figs. 2-4.
= Baphia margaritifera (Linn.) — Adams & Adams, 1857: 499, pl. 117, figs. 2-2a.
= Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer (Linn., 1758) — Drouët, 1857: 205.
= Margaritana margaritifera Lea — Lea, 1856: 80.
= Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer (Linn.) — Moquin-Tandon, 1855: 566, pl. 47.
= Unio margaritifer Linné — Küster, 1855: 130, pls. 38-39.
= Unio (Baphia) margaritifera (L.) — Mørch, 1853: 48.
= Margaron (Margaritana) margaritifera (Lin.) — Lea, 1852: 43.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linn.) — Dupuy, 1852: 623, pl. 22, figs. 14-16.
+ Damaris elongata — Leach, 1852: 322.
+ Unio sinuatus (Lamk.) — Gassies, 1849: 198.
= Alasmodonta margaritifera Linn. — C.B. Adams, 1847: 14.
= Damalis margaritifera — Leach, 1847: 273.
= Alasmodon margaritiferus — Brown, 1844: 83, pl. 31, figs. 1-2; pl. 32, figs. 13, 14, 15; pl. 30*, figs. 1-4.
= Unio margaritifer [sic] Retz. — Dupuy, 1843: 83.
= Unio margaritiferus Drap. — Hanley, 1843: 213.
+ Alasmodon arcuata Barnes — De Kay, 1843: 197.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Swainson, 1840: 260, 262, 274, 291.
= Margaritana margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Sowerby, 1839: 62.
= Unio margaritifer R., Retz. — Schlüter, 1838: 32.
= Margarita (Margaritana) margaritifera Lea — Lea, 1838: 28.
= Margarita (Margaritana) margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lea, 1836: 45.
= Unio margaritifera Pfieff. — Held, 1836: 281.
= Alasmodonta margaritifera (Linné) — Ferussac, 1835: 26.
= Unio margaritifer Retz. — Rossmässler, 1835: 120, pl. 4, figs. 72-74.
= Unio margaritifera Linnaeus — Lea, 1834: 87.
= Unio margaritifera L. — Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834: 106.
+ Unio sinuatus Lamarck, 1819 — Menke, 1830: 106.
= Unio margaritifera Pfeiff. — Kickx, 1830: 82.
= Alasmodonta [sic] margaritifera Linnaeus — Lea, 1829: 421.
+ Unio sinuatus Lamarck, 1819 — Menke, 1828: 63.
+ Unio elongatus Lamarck, 1819 — Wood, 1828: 12.
= Unio margaritifera Linn. Drap. — Férussac, 1827: 417.
= Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Wood, 1825: 12, pl. 2, sp. 30.
+ Unio sinuata Lamarck — Children, 1823: 25.
= Unio margaritifera Linn. — Nilsson, 1822: 103.
= Unio margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Pfeiffer, 1821: 116, pl. 5, fig. 11.
= Unio margaritifera “Drap.” — Goldfuss, 1820: 612.
+ Margaritana fluviatilis Schumacher, 1817 — Schumacher, 1817: 124, pl. 10, fig. 4.
= Mya margaritifera Linnaeus — Dillwyn, 1817: 52.
= Unio margaritifera — Oken, 1815: 238.
= Margartifera [sic] margaritifera Retzii — Schumacher, 1815: 7.
= Mya margaritifera Donovan — Turton, 1807: 146.
= Mya margaritifera — Maton & Rackett, 1807: 40.
= Unio margaritifera Linn. — Draparnaud, 1806: 132, pl. 10, figs. 17-19; pl. 11, fig. 5.
= Mya margaritifera Lin. — Montagu, 1803: 33, sp. 4.
= Unio margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) — Bosc, 1801: 142.
= Unio margaritifera Lin. — Poiret, 1801: 103.
= Unio margaritifera (Lin.) — Cuvier, 1798: 425.
= Mya margaritifera — Humphrey, 1797: 59.
= Unio margaritiferus Linn. — Spengler, 1793: 52.
= Mya margaritifera Linne — Schreibers, 1793: 3.
= Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Gmelin, 1791: 3219.
= Mya margaritifera (Lin.) — Poiret, 1789: 12.
= Unio margaritiferus — Retzius, 1788: 16.
= Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Müller, 1774: 210, sp. 396.
= Mya margaritifera — Linnaeus, 1767: 1112, sp. 29.
= Mya margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 — Linnaeus, 1758: 671.
