Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Amblemini

genus Amblema Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

3 Recent valid species (12 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (12 total)
analyzed in 127 cladograms in 86 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.22, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 23
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.22 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Amblema cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Amblema cladogram distances
NJ Tree


Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 3 1 3 630 3 2 **
        +-- Nephronaias      
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Psoronaias       
--+                          
  |  +----- Amblema_neislerii **
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
     +--+                    
        +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 3 3 1 3 20 2 1 2.0
              +----- Amblema_plicata **  
  +-----------+                       
  |           |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  |           +--+                    
  |              +-- Amblema_neislerii **
--+                                   
  |              +-- Popenaias        
  |  +-----------+                    
  |  |           +-- Psoronaias       
  |  |                                
  +--+           +-- Glebula          
     |  +--------+                    
     |  |        +-- Cyrtonaias       
     |  |                             
     +--+  +-------- Potamilus        
        |  |                          
        |  |     +-- Ptychobranchus   
        +--+  +--+                    
           |  |  +-- Truncilla        
           |  |                       
           |  |  +-- Ortmanniana      
           +--+  |                    
              |  +-- Epioblasma       
              |  |                    
              |  +-- Lampsilis        
              |  |                    
              +--+-- Ligumia          
                 |                    
                 +-- Cambarunio       
                 |                    
                 +-- Pachynaias       
                 |                    
                 +-- Mesonaias        

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 3 3 1 3 19 2 1 0.0
                          +----- Amblema_neislerii **
  +-----------------------+                       
  |                       |  +-- Amblema_plicata **  
  |                       +--+                    
  |                          +-- Amblema_elliottii **
--+                                               
  |                          +-- Popenaias        
  |  +-----------------------+                    
  |  |                       +-- Psoronaias       
  +--+                                            
     |  +----------------------- Cyrtonaias       
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------------------- Ptychobranchus   
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +----------------- Ligumia          
           |  |                                   
           +--+  +-------------- Potamilus        
              |  |                                
              +--+  +----------- Pachynaias       
                 |  |                             
                 |  |        +-- Epioblasma       
                 +--+  +-----+                    
                    |  |     +-- Truncilla        
                    |  |                          
                    +--+     +-- Mesonaias        
                       |  +--+                    
                       |  |  +-- Cambarunio       
                       +--+                       
                          |  +-- Ortmanniana      
                          +--+                    
                             +-- Lampsilis        

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 2 0 0 2.0
  +-------- Megalonaias      
--+                          
  |  +----- Amblema_plicata **  
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Amblema_neislerii **
     +--+                    
        +-- Amblema_elliottii **

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 1 0 0 0.0
  +-------- Villosa          
--+                          
  |  +----- Amblema_neislerii **
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Amblema_plicata **  
     +--+                    
        +-- Amblema_elliottii **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 100 3 2 --
  +----- Popenaias        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 100 3 2 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 40 3 2 --
  +----- Popenaias        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 40 3 2 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 41 3 2 --
  +----- Popenaias        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 40 3 2 --
  +----- Popenaias        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 71 3 2 --
  +----- Popenaias        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 71 3 2 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 103 3 2 --
  +----------------------------------------------- Reginaia                 
  |                                                                         
  |                                            +-- Amblema_plicata **          
  +--------------------------------------------+                            
  |                                            +-- Amblema_elliottii **        
  |                                                                         
  |                                         +----- Popenaias                
  |                                         |                               
  |                                         |  +-- Dromus                   
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Epioblasma               
  |                                         |  |                            
  +-----------------------------------------+  +-- Glebula                  
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata          
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens      
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lemiox                   
  |                                         +--+                            
  |                                            +-- Obliquaria               
--+                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Obovaria_olivaria        
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Obovaria_unicolor        
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Plectomerus              
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Potamilus_alatus         
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Potamilus_capax          
  |                                                                         
  |                                         +----- Uniomerus                
  |                                         |                               
  |                                         |  +-- Cyclonaias               
  |  +--------------------------------------+  |                            
  |  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__1   
  |  |                                      |  |                            
  |  |                                      |  +-- Theliderma               
  |  |                                      +--+                            
  |  |                                         +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__2   
  |  |                                         |                            
  +--+                                         +-- Quadrula_quadrula        
     |                                         |                            
     |                                         +-- Quadrula_verrucosa       
     |                                                                      
     |  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus             
     |  |                                                                   
     |  |  +-------------------------------------- Parvaspina               
     |  |  |                                                                
     +--+  |  +----------------------------------- Plethobasus              
        |  |  |                                                             
        |  |  +----------------------------------- Eurynia                  
        |  |  |                                                             
        |  |  +----------------------------------- Hemistena                
        +--+  |                                                             
           |  +----------------------------------- Elliptio                 
           |  |                                                             
           |  |  +-------------------------------- Pleuronaia               
           |  |  |                                                          
           |  |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_cordatum      
           |  |  |  +--------------------------+                            
           +--+  |  |                          +-- Fusconaia                
              |  |  |                                                       
              |  |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum        
              |  |  |  |                                                    
              |  |  |  |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
              |  |  |  |  |                                                 
              |  |  |  |  |                 +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
              |  |  +--+  |              +--+                               
              |  |  |  |  |              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 
              |  |  |  |  |              |  +--+                            
              |  |  |  |  |  +-----------+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
              |  |  |  |  |  |           |                                  
              +--+  |  +--+  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
                 |  |     |  |           |  |                               
                 |  |     |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 
                 |  |     |  |              |  |                            
                 |  |     |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
                 |  |     |  |                 |                            
                 |  |     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
                 |  |     |  |                                              
                 |  |     +--+     +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
                 |  |        |     |                                        
                 |  |        |  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2 
                 |  |        |  |  |  |                                     
                 |  |        |  |  +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
                 |  |        |  |     |                                     
                 |  |        |  |     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
                 |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
                 +--+        |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_taitianum     
                    |        |  |        +--+                               
                    |        |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
                    |        +--+           +--+                            
                    |           |              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1 
                    |           |                                           
                    |           |           +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__6   
                    |           |           |                               
                    |           |        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava__3      
                    |           |        |  |                               
                    |           |        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__5   
                    |           |        |  +--+                            
                    |           +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_clava__2      
                    |                    |                                  
                    |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2   
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__3   
                    |                    +--+                               
                    |                       +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__4   
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_clava__1      
                    |                       +--+                            
                    |                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1   
                    |                                                       
                    |           +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii     
                    |           |                                           
                    |           |  +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__34  
                    |           |  |                                        
                    |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__31  
                    |           |  |  |                                     
                    +-----------+  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__32  
                                |  |  |                                     
                                |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__33  
                                |  |  |                                     
                                |  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__4            
                                |  |  |  |                                  
                                |  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__5            
                                +--+  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2   
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3   
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__8            
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__9            
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__10           
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__5   
                                   +--+  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__6   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__7   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__8   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__9   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__10  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__11  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__12  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__13  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__14  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__15  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__16  
                                      +--+                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__17  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__18  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__19  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__20  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__21  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__22  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__23  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__24  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__25  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__26  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__27  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__28  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__29  
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__30  
                                         |                                  
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema__6            
                                         +-----+                            
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1   
                                         |                                  
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema__7            
                                         +-----+                            
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__4   
                                         |                                  
                                         |  +----- Pleurobema__3            
                                         +--+                               
                                            |  +-- Pleurobema__1            
                                            +--+                            
                                               +-- Pleurobema__2            

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 2 2 0 2 39 1 1 --
                                               +-- Amblema_elliottii **     
  +--------------------------------------------+                         
  |                                            +-- Amblema_plicata **       
  |                                                                      
--+                                            +-- Lampsilis             
  |  +-----------------------------------------+                         
  |  |                                         +-- Plectomerus           
  +--+                                                                   
     |  +----------------------------------------- Popenaias             
     |  |                                                                
     +--+  +-------------------------------------- Cyrtonaias            
        |  |                                                             
        +--+  +----------------------------------- Parvaspina            
           |  |                                                          
           |  |                                +-- Plethobasus           
           +--+  +-----------------------------+                         
              |  |                             +-- Elliptio              
              |  |                                                       
              +--+  +----------------------------- Fusconaia             
                 |  |                                                    
                 |  |                          +-- Eurynia               
                 +--+  +-----------------------+                         
                    |  |                       +-- Hemistena             
                    |  |                                                 
                    |  |              +----------- Pleuronaia            
                    +--+  +-----------+                                  
                       |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii  
                       |  |           +--+                               
                       |  |              |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
                       |  |              +--+                            
                       +--+                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
                          |                 +--+                         
                          |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum   
                          |                                              
                          |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile    
                          |  |                                           
                          +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
                             |  |                                        
                             |  |           +----- Pleurobema_georgianum 
                             +--+  +--------+                            
                                |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
                                |  |        +--+                         
                                |  |           +-- Pleurobema_decisum    
                                +--+                                     
                                   |           +-- Pleurobema_clava      
                                   |  +--------+                         
                                   |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
                                   +--+                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
                                      |  |                               
                                      +--+     +-- Pleurobema_rubellum   
                                         |  +--+                         
                                         |  |  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
                                         +--+                            
                                            |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
                                            +--+                         
                                               +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 36 2 1 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_plicata **  
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_neislerii **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 2 1 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_plicata **  
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_neislerii **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 40 2 1 --
  +----- Reginaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_plicata **  
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_elliottii **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 2 2 0 2 39 2 1 --
                                      +-- Amblema_plicata **      
  +-----------------------------------+                        
  |                                   +-- Amblema_elliottii **    
--+                                                            
  |  +----------------------------------- Toxolasma            
  |  |                                                         
  +--+  +-------------------------------- Ellipsaria           
     |  |                                                      
     +--+  +----------------------------- Truncilla            
        |  |                                                   
        |  |  +-------------------------- Potamilus            
        +--+  |                                                
           |  |  +----------------------- Leaunio              
           |  |  |                                             
           +--+  |     +----------------- Lampsilis_bracteata  
              |  |     |                                       
              |  |  +--+              +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              |  |  |  |  +-----------+                        
              +--+  |  |  |           +-- Lampsilis_fasciola   
                 |  |  +--+                                    
                 |  |     |  +----------- Lampsilis_ovata      
                 |  |     +--+                                 
                 |  |        |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__3 
                 |  |        +--+                              
                 +--+           |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2 
                    |           +--+                           
                    |              |  +-- Lampsilis_satura     
                    |              +--+                        
                    |                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 
                    |                                          
                    |     +-------------- Lampsilis_teres      
                    |     |                                    
                    |     |           +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
                    +-----+  +--------+                        
                          |  |        +-- Ortmanniana          
                          |  |                                 
                          +--+        +-- Lampsilis_radiata    
                             |  +-----+                        
                             |  |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                             |  |                              
                             +--+     +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
                                |  +--+                        
                                |  |  +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni  
                                +--+                           
                                   |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens  
                                   +--+                        
                                      +-- Lampsilis_straminea  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 26 0 0 --
                                   +-- Amblema_elliottii **   
  +--------------------------------+                       
  |                                +-- Amblema_plicata **     
  |                                                        
--+                                +-- Lampsilis           
  |  +-----------------------------+                       
  |  |                             +-- Potamilus           
  |  |                                                     
  +--+                             +-- Pleurobema          
     |  +--------------------------+                       
     |  |                          +-- Elliptio            
     |  |                                                  
     +--+                          +-- Megalonaias         
        |  +-----------------------+                       
        |  |                       +-- Uniomerus           
        |  |                                               
        +--+  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula   
           |  |                                            
           |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa  
           +--+  +-----------------+                       
              |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis    
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +----------------- Theliderma          
                 |  |                                      
                 |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
                 +--+  +--------+                          
                    |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
                    |  |        +--+                       
                    +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
                       |                                   
                       |  +----------- Cyclonaias          
                       |  |                                
                       +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
                          |  +-----+                       
                          |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
                          +--+                             
                             |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata  
                             +--+                          
                                |  +-- Pustulosa_necki     
                                +--+                       
                                   +-- Pustulosa_petrina   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 27 0 0 --
     +-- Lampsilis        
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Potamilus        
--+                       
  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +--+                    
     +-- Amblema_plicata **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 24 0 0 --
        +-- Amblema_elliottii **
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Amblema_plicata **  
--+                          
  |  +----- Pleurobema       
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Potamilus        

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 13 0 0 --
              +-- Amblema_plicata **      
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Amblema_elliottii **    
  |                                    
  |           +-- Obovaria             
--+  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Ortmanniana          
  |  |                                 
  |  |        +-- Obliquaria           
  |  +--------+                        
  +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
     |                                 
     |     +----- Lampsilis_radiata__2 
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
     |  |  +--+                        
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis_radiata__1 
        |                              
        |  +----- Lampsilis_virescens  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
           +--+                        
              +-- Lampsilis_straminea  

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 28 2 2 --
  +----------- Obliquaria     
  |                           
  +----------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                           
  +----------- Reginaia       
  |                           
  +----------- Potamilus      
  |                           
  |        +-- Elliptoideus   
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Plectomerus    
  |                           
--+     +----- Medionidus     
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Dromus         
  |     +--+                  
  |        +-- Cyprogenia     
  |                           
  |     +----- Hemistena      
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Elliptio       
  |     +--+                  
  |        +-- Fusconaia      
  |                           
  |  +-------- Megalonaias    
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Theliderma     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrula       
        +--+                  
           +-- Pustulosa      

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 28 2 2 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                                       
  |              +----- Reginaia          
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           |  +-- Elliptoideus      
  |  |           +--+                     
  |  |              +-- Plectomerus       
  +--+                                    
     |           +----- Hemistena         
     |  +--------+                        
     |  |        |  +-- Elliptio          
     |  |        +--+                     
     +--+           +-- Fusconaia         
        |                                 
        |  +----------- Megalonaias       
        |  |                              
        +--+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa
           |  +-----+                     
           |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis  
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula 
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Theliderma        
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Pustulosa         

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
  +----- Reginaia       
--+                     
  |  +-- Plectomerus    
  +--+                  
     +-- Amblema_plicata **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
  +----- Reginaia       
--+                     
  |  +-- Plectomerus    
  +--+                  
     +-- Amblema_plicata **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 40 2 2 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Reginaia       

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 2 2 --
  +----- Reginaia       
--+                     
  |  +-- Amblema_plicata **
  +--+                  
     +-- Plectomerus    

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 2 2 --
  +----- Reginaia       
--+                     
  |  +-- Amblema_plicata **
  +--+                  
     +-- Plectomerus    

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 26 1 1 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **     
  |                                         
--+                 +-- Plectomerus         
  |  +--------------+                       
  |  |              +-- Obliquaria          
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis  
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----------- Ptychobranchus      
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-------- Medionidus          
           |  |                             
           +--+  +----- Potamilus_purpuratus
              |  |                          
              +--+----- Lampsilis           
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Ellipsaria          
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Villosa             

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 27 1 1 --
  +-------------------------- Amblema_plicata **     
--+                                               
  |  +----------------------- Plectomerus         
  +--+                                            
     |  +-------------------- Obliquaria          
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Medionidus          
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Ptychobranchus      
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Potamilus_fragilis  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Ellipsaria          
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Villosa             
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Lampsilis           

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema_plicata **    
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Pleurobema         
  |                      
  +-- Unio               

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema_plicata **    
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Scriptolamprotula  
  |                      
  +-- Unio               

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 33 1 1 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **     
  |                                            
--+                    +-- Obliquaria          
  |  +-----------------+                       
  |  |                 +-- Plectomerus         
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------------- Medionidus          
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis  
        +--+                                   
           |  +----------- Ptychobranchus      
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Lampsilis           
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Villosa             
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Ellipsaria          

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 33 1 1 --
  +----- Potamilus_fragilis  
  |                          
  +----- Medionidus          
  |                          
  +----- Amblema_plicata **     
  |                          
  |  +-- Obliquaria          
--+--+                       
  |  +-- Plectomerus         
  |                          
  |  +-- Villosa             
  |  |                       
  |  +-- Ellipsaria          
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Lampsilis           
     |                       
     +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
     |                       
     +-- Ptychobranchus      

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 32 1 1 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                          
  |              +----- Toxolasma            
  |  +-----------+                           
--+  |           |  +-- Plectomerus          
  |  |           +--+                        
  |  |              +-- Obliquaria           
  |  |                                       
  +--+           +----- Ptychobranchus       
     |  +--------+                           
     |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_fragilis   
     |  |        +--+                        
     |  |           +-- Medionidus           
     +--+                                    
        |           +-- Villosa              
        |  +--------+                        
        |  |        +-- Ellipsaria           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Potamilus_purpuratus 
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Potamilus_alatus     

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Quadrula       
  +--+                  
     +-- Pustulosa      

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                        
--+     +-- Potamilus      
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Glebula        
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Leaunio        
     +--+                  
        +-- Lampsilis      

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +----------------------------------- Amblema_plicata **    
  |                                                       
--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus        
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +----------------------------- Popenaias          
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma          
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria         
           |  |                                           
           |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias         
           +--+  +-----------------+                      
              |  |                 +-- Glebula            
              |  |                                        
              +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus     
                 |  +--------------+                      
                 |  |              +-- Lemiox             
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+              +-- Venustaconcha      
                    |  +-----------+                      
                    |  |           +-- Obovaria           
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +----------- Hamiota            
                       +--+                               
                          |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata    
                          +--+                            
                             |  +----- Ortmanniana        
                             +--+                         
                                |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
                                +--+                      
                                   +-- Lampsilis_hydiana  

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +----------------------------------- Amblema_plicata **    
  |                                                       
--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus        
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +----------------------------- Popenaias          
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma          
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria         
           |  |                                           
           |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias         
           +--+  +-----------------+                      
              |  |                 +-- Glebula            
              |  |                                        
              +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus     
                 |  +--------------+                      
                 |  |              +-- Lemiox             
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+              +-- Venustaconcha      
                    |  +-----------+                      
                    |  |           +-- Obovaria           
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +----------- Hamiota            
                       +--+                               
                          |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata    
                          +--+                            
                             |  +----- Ortmanniana        
                             +--+                         
                                |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
                                +--+                      
                                   +-- Lampsilis_hydiana  

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 34 1 1 --
  +-------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Toxolasma            
  |  |                                 
  |  |  +-------- Obliquaria           
  +--+  |                              
     |  |  +----- Obovaria             
     |  |  |                           
     |  |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium    
     +--+  |                           
        |  +----- Potamilus            
        |  |                           
        |  |  +-- Epioblasma           
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ortmanniana          
           +--+                        
           |  +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
           |                           
           |  +-- Ligumia              
           +--+                        
           |  +-- Lampsilis_teres      
           |                           
           |  +-- Ellipsaria           
           +--+                        
              +-- Truncilla            

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 37 1 1 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
  |                    +-- Reginaia             
  |  +-----------------+                        
  |  |                 +-- Obliquaria           
--+  |                                          
  |  |           +-------- Pleurobema           
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           |  +----- Elliptio             
  |  |           +--+                           
  +--+              |  +-- Fusconaia            
     |              +--+                        
     |                 +-- Eurynia              
     |                                          
     |  +----------------- Potamilus            
     |  |                                       
     |  |              +-- Ellipsaria           
     +--+  +-----------+                        
        |  |           +-- Truncilla            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_cardium    
           |  |                                 
           |  |     +----- Ligumia              
           |  +-----+                           
           +--+     |  +-- Obovaria             
              |     +--+                        
              |        +-- Epioblasma           
              |                                 
              |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Ortmanniana          
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 2 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Reginaia       

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 36 1 1 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                    
--+-------------------- Plectomerus    
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema     
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pleuronaia     
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Fusconaia      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Parvaspina     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Elliptio       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Eurynia        
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Hemistena      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 200 1 1 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                                       
  |              +----- Toxolasma         
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           |  +-- Obliquaria        
  |  |           +--+                     
  |  |              +-- Plectomerus       
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon
     |  |                                 
     |  |  +----------- Potamilus_alatus  
     +--+  |                              
        |  |  +-------- Venustaconcha     
        |  |  |                           
        +--+  +-------- Leaunio           
           |  |                           
           |  |     +-- Ellipsaria        
           |  +-----+                     
           +--+     +-- Truncilla         
              |                           
              |     +-- Medionidus        
              +-----+                     
              |     +-- Ptychobranchus    
              |                           
              |  +----- Cambarunio        
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Ortmanniana       
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Lampsilis         

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 198 1 1 --
  +----------------------------- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                                                
--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma         
  |  |                                             
  +--+                       +-- Obliquaria        
     |  +--------------------+                     
     |  |                    +-- Plectomerus       
     +--+                                          
        |  +-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon
        |  |                                       
        +--+  +----------------- Potamilus_alatus  
           |  |                                    
           |  |              +-- Medionidus        
           +--+  +-----------+                     
              |  |           +-- Ptychobranchus    
              |  |                                 
              +--+           +-- Ellipsaria        
                 |  +--------+                     
                 |  |        +-- Truncilla         
                 +--+                              
                    |  +-------- Leaunio           
                    |  |                           
                    +--+     +-- Venustaconcha     
                       |  +--+                     
                       |  |  +-- Cambarunio        
                       +--+                        
                          |  +-- Ortmanniana       
                          +--+                     
                             +-- Lampsilis         

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 200 1 1 --
  +-------------- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                                 
  +-------------- Toxolasma         
  |                                 
  |           +-- Obliquaria        
  +-----------+                     
  |           +-- Plectomerus       
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Elliptoideus      
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-------- Elliptio          
  |  +--+                           
  |     |  +----- Eurynia           
--+     +--+                        
  |        |  +-- Fusconaia         
  |        +--+                     
  |           +-- Pleurobema        
  |                                 
  |        +----- Ellipsaria        
  |        |                        
  |        +----- Potamilus_leptodon
  |        |                        
  |        +----- Medionidus        
  |        |                        
  |        +----- Potamilus_alatus  
  |        |                        
  |        +----- Ptychobranchus    
  +--------+                        
           +----- Truncilla         
           |                        
           +----- Venustaconcha     
           |                        
           +----- Cambarunio        
           |                        
           +----- Leaunio           
           |                        
           |  +-- Ortmanniana       
           +--+                     
              +-- Lampsilis         

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Plectomerus    

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Plectomerus    

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Plectomerus    

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
  +-- Margaritifera  
--+                  
  +-- Amblema_plicata **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Margaritifera  
  +--+                  
     +-- Anodonta       

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
  +-------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Ligumia              
  |  |                                 
--+  +----------- Truncilla            
  |  |                                 
  |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus       
  |  +--------+                        
  +--+        +-- Sagittunio           
     |                                 
     |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Epioblasma           
     |  |                              
     +--+  +----- Ortmanniana          
        |  |                           
        |  +----- Cambarunio           
        +--+                           
           +----- Leaunio              
           |                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           +--+                        
              +-- Lampsilis_fasciola   

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Truncilla            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Ligumia              
     |  |                                       
     |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus       
     +--+  +-----------+                        
        |  |           +-- Sagittunio           
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           |  |                                 
           |  |     +----- Ortmanniana          
           +--+  +--+                           
              |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  |  +--+                        
              +--+     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola   
                 |                              
                 |  +----- Epioblasma           
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cambarunio           
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Leaunio              

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Lampsilis      

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
  +-------- Toxolasma      
  |                        
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                        
  |     +-- Glebula        
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Cyrtonaias     
  |                        
--+  +----- Potamilus      
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Ortmanniana    
  |  +--+                  
  |     +-- Ligumia        
  |                        
  |  +----- Quadrula       
  |  |                     
  +--+  +-- Eurynia        
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Pleurobema     
        |                  
        +-- Fusconaia      

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Eurynia        

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **        
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Coelatura              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Eurynia                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Fusconaia              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Gonidea                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Pleurobema             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrula               
--+                                            
  |        +----------- Ortmanniana            
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +-------- Glebula                
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +----- Potamilus              
  |           +--+                             
  |              |  +-- Ligumia                
  |              +--+                          
  |                 +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Cyrtonaias             
  |  |                                         
  |  |  +-------------- Unio                   
  +--+  |                                      
     |  |        +----- Pyganodon              
     |  |  +-----+                             
     +--+  |     |  +-- Anodonta               
        |  |     +--+                          
        |  |        +-- Strophitus             
        |  |                                   
        +--+     +----- Mutela                 
           |     |                             
           |  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
           |  |  |  |                          
           |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
           |  |     |                          
           +--+     +-- Monocondylaea          
              |                                
              |  +----- Diplodon               
              |  |                             
              |  +----- Echyridella            
              +--+                             
                 +----- Lortiella              
                 |                             
                 |  +-- Castalia               
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Velesunio              

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Quadrula       
  |  +-----+                        
--+  |     |  +----- Eurynia        
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Fusconaia      
  |  |        +--+                  
  +--+           +-- Pleurobema     
     |                              
     |           +-- Cyrtonaias     
     |  +--------+                  
     |  |        +-- Glebula        
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Toxolasma      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Potamilus      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ligumia        
              +--+                  
                 +-- Ortmanniana    

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                        
--+-------- Quadrula       
  |                        
  |  +----- Elliptio       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Fusconaia      
     +--+                  
        +-- Pleurobema     

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
  +-- Eurynia        
--+                  
  +-- Amblema_plicata **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                           
  |  +-------- Quadrula       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Eurynia        
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pleurobema     
        +--+                  
           +-- Fusconaia      

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Fusconaia      
  |                                       
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                                       
  |  +-------------------- Quadrula       
  |  |                                    
  |  |  +----------------- Pleurobema     
  +--+  |                                 
     |  |  +-------------- Eurynia        
     |  |  |                              
     +--+  |  +----------- Ortmanniana    
        |  +--+                           
        |  |  |  +-------- Glebula        
        |  |  +--+                        
        +--+     |  +----- Potamilus      
           |     +--+                     
           |        |  +-- Ligumia        
           |        +--+                  
           |           +-- Toxolasma      
           |                              
           |  +----------- Cyrtonaias     
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Unio           
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Pyganodon      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Anodonta       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Strophitus     

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Quadrula       
  |  +-----+                        
--+  |     |  +----- Eurynia        
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Fusconaia      
  |  |        +--+                  
  +--+           +-- Pleurobema     
     |                              
     |           +-- Cyrtonaias     
     |  +--------+                  
     |  |        +-- Glebula        
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Toxolasma      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Ortmanniana    
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ligumia        
              +--+                  
                 +-- Potamilus      

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                    
  |              +----- Eurynia        
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia      
  |  |           +--+                  
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Obliquaria     
     |  |                              
     |  +-------------- Truncilla      
     +--+                              
        +-------------- Ptychobranchus 
        |                              
        |  +----------- Ligumia        
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Cambarunio     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Epioblasma     
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lampsilis      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Ortmanniana    

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Popenaias      

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 --
  +----------------------------------------- Amblema_plicata **        
  |                                                                 
  +----------------------------------------- Popenaias              
  |                                                                 
  |                                      +-- Paetulunio             
--+  +-----------------------------------+                          
  |  |                                   +-- Toxolasma              
  |  |                                                              
  |  |                                +----- Obliquaria             
  |  |  +-----------------------------+                             
  +--+  |                             |  +-- Glebula                
     |  |                             +--+                          
     |  |                                +-- Cyrtonaias             
     |  |                                                           
     |  |                             +----- Ptychobranchus         
     |  |                          +--+                             
     +--+                          |  |  +-- Dromus                 
        |                          |  +--+                          
        |  +-----------------------+     +-- Cyprogenia             
        |  |                       |                                
        |  |                       |  +----- Medionidus_conradicus  
        |  |                       +--+                             
        |  |                          |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus 
        |  |                          +--+                          
        +--+                             +-- Lemiox                 
           |                                                        
           |  +----------------------------- Sagittunio             
           |  |                                                     
           |  +----------------------------- Potamilus              
           |  |                                                     
           |  |                          +-- Truncilla              
           +--+  +-----------------------+                          
              |  |                       +-- Ellipsaria             
              |  |                                                  
              |  |                       +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
              |  |                 +-----+                          
              |  |                 |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
              +--+  +--------------+                                
                 |  |              |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata       
                 |  |              +--+                             
                 |  |                 |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
                 |  |                 +--+                          
                 |  |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                 +--+                                               
                    |                    +-- Ligumia                
                    |                 +--+                          
                    |                 |  +-- Cambarunio             
                    |  +--------------+                             
                    |  |              |  +-- Lampsilis_teres        
                    |  |              +--+                          
                    +--+                 +-- Hamiota                
                       |                                            
                       |  +----------------- Leaunio                
                       |  |                                         
                       +--+  +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                          |  |                                      
                          +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                             |  |                                   
                             +--+  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria      
                                |  |                                
                                |  +-------- Venustaconcha          
                                +--+                                
                                   +-------- Epioblasma             
                                   |                                
                                   |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor      
                                   +--+                             
                                      |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda    
                                      +--+                          
                                         +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis 

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleuronaia     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia      

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +----------------- Amblema_plicata **  
  |                                   
--+  +-------------- Potomida         
  |  |                                
  +--+  +----------- Nodularia        
     |  |                             
     |  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
     +--+        |                    
        |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
        |  |     |                    
        |  |     +-- Anodonta         
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
           |  |                       
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
           +--+                       
              +----- Unio_mancus      
              |                       
              |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
              +--+                    
                 +-- Unio_crassus     

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodonta       
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio           

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodonta       
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio           

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
  +----------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                           
--+        +-- Obliquaria     
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Quadrula       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Eurynia        
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pleurobema     
        +--+                  
           +-- Fusconaia      

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                        
  |  +----- Eurynia        
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Pleurobema     
--+  +--+                  
  |     +-- Fusconaia      
  |                        
  |  +----- Truncilla      
  |  |                     
  |  +----- Ptychobranchus 
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ortmanniana    
     |  |                  
     |  +-- Cambarunio     
     +--+                  
        +-- Ligumia        
        |                  
        +-- Epioblasma     

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Pleurobema     

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Potomida       
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio           

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
  +----------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                       
  |        +-------- Lemiox               
  |  +-----+                              
--+  |     |  +----- Medionidus           
  |  |     +--+                           
  |  |        |  +-- Dromus               
  |  |        +--+                        
  +--+           +-- Cyprogenia           
     |                                    
     |  +----------- Potamilus            
     |  |                                 
     |  |     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
     |  |  +--+                           
     +--+  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
        |  |  +--+                        
        |  |     +-- Ortmanniana          
        |  |                              
        |  |  +----- Lampsilis_fasciola   
        +--+--+                           
           |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           |  +--+                        
           |     +-- Lampsilis_ovata      
           |                              
           |     +-- Cambarunio           
           |     |                        
           +-----+-- Ligumia              
                 |                        
                 +-- Epioblasma           

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Truncilla      
  +--+                  
     +-- Lampsilis      

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Lampsilis      
  +--+                  
     +-- Truncilla      

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
  +-------------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                                
--+  +----------------------- Ellipsaria           
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Truncilla            
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +----------------- Obliquaria           
        |  |                                       
        |  |  +-------------- Potamilus            
        +--+  |                                    
           |  |        +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
           |  |  +-----+                           
           |  |  |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           +--+  |     +--+                        
              |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata      
              |  |                                 
              |  |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
              |  +--+                              
              +--+  |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                 |  +--+                           
                 |     |  +-- Ortmanniana          
                 |     +--+                        
                 |        +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
                 |                                 
                 |     +----- Hamiota              
                 |     |                           
                 +-----+  +-- Epioblasma           
                       |  |                        
                       +--+-- Cambarunio           
                          |                        
                          +-- Ligumia              

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Lampsilis      
  +--+                  
     +-- Truncilla      

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Quadrula       

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Theliderma     

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
  +-------------- Amblema_plicata ** 
--+                               
  |  +----------- Potomida        
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio            
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_anatina
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pseudanodonta   
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta_cygnea 

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-------------- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                                 
--+  +----------- Echyridella       
  |  |                              
  |  |     +----- Velesunio_ambiguus
  +--+  +--+                        
     |  |  |  +-- Velesunio         
     |  |  +--+                     
     +--+     +-- Lortiella         
        |                           
        |  +----- Diplodon          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Cucumerunio       
           +--+                     
              +-- Hyridella         

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata ** 
  |                                     
  +-------------------- Eurynia         
  |                                     
--+-------------------- Lampsilis       
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Quadrula        
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +-------------- Gonidea         
     |  |                               
     |  |     +-------- Pseudodontoideus
     +--+  +--+                         
        |  |  |  +----- Lasmigona       
        |  |  +--+                      
        |  |     |  +-- Pterosyna       
        +--+     +--+                   
           |        +-- Arcidens        
           |                            
           |  +-------- Strophitus      
           |  |                         
           +--+     +-- Pyganodon       
              |  +--+                   
              |  |  +-- Utterbackia     
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Platynaias      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidonta     

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **    
  |                            
  |  +----- Pyganodon_grandis  
--+  |                         
  |  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |  |                         
  +--+----- Pyganodon_fragilis 
     |                         
     +----- Pyganodon          
     |                         
     |  +-- Platynaias         
     +--+                      
        +-- Arcidens           

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Potamilus      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lampsilis      
     +--+                  
        +-- Truncilla      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 80 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Cambarunio     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lampsilis      
     +--+                  
        +-- Ortmanniana    

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 138 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Ortmanniana    
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lampsilis      
     +--+                  
        +-- Cambarunio     

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 138 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Cambarunio     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ortmanniana    
     +--+                  
        +-- Lampsilis      

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 124 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **   
  |                     
  +-- Ortmanniana       
  |                     
  +-- Lampsilis         
  |                     
  +-- Cambarunio        
  |                     
--+-- Elliptio          
  |                     
  +-- Eurynia           
  |                     
  +-- Pleurobema        
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula 
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Lampsilis      

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 81 0 0 --
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
  +-- Pronodularia   
  |                  
  +-- Gonidea        
  |                  
  +-- Leguminaia     
  |                  
  +-- Microcondylaea 
  |                  
--+-- Amblema_plicata **
  |                  
  +-- Ortmanniana    
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilis      
  |                  
  +-- Cambarunio     
  |                  
  +-- Elliptio       
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobema     
  |                  
  +-- Quadrula       

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Obovaria       

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
  +-------------------------------- Amblema_plicata **     
  |                                                     
--+  +----------------------------- Elliptio            
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +-------------------------- Megalonaias         
     |  |                                               
     +--+  +----------------------- Uniomerus           
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +-------------------- Theliderma          
           |  |                                         
           +--+  +----------------- Quadrula            
              |  |                                      
              |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
              +--+  +--------+                          
                 |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
                 |  |        +--+                       
                 |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
                 +--+                                   
                    |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
                    |  +--------+                       
                    |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
                    +--+                                
                       |  +-------- Cyclonaias          
                       +--+                             
                          |  +----- Pustulosa_necki     
                          +--+                          
                             |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata  
                             +--+                       
                                +-- Pustulosa_petrina   

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Fusconaia      

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
  +-------------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                                
  |  +----------------------- Obliquaria           
--+  |                                             
  |  |                    +-- Cambarunio           
  |  |  +-----------------+                        
  |  |  |                 +-- Leaunio              
  +--+  |                                          
     |  |        +----------- Lampsilis_teres      
     |  |        |                                 
     |  +--------+  +-------- Ortmanniana          
     |  |        |  |                              
     |  |        +--+     +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
     +--+           |  +--+                        
        |           |  |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens  
        |           +--+                           
        |              |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
        |              +--+                        
        |                 +-- Lampsilis_radiata    
        |                                          
        |  +----------------- Obovaria             
        |  |                                       
        +--+  +-------------- Lampsilis_bracteata  
           |  |                                    
           +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_ornata     
              |  |                                 
              +--+  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata      
                 |  |                              
                 +--+  +----- Lampsilis_cardium__3 
                    |  |                           
                    +--+  +-- Lampsilis_satura     
                       |  |                        
                       +--+-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 
                          |                        
                          +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Obliquaria           
  |                                          
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                          
  |  +----------------- Lampsilis_teres      
  |  |                                       
  |  +----------------- Obovaria             
--+  |                                       
  |  |              +-- Leaunio              
  |  +--------------+                        
  |  |              +-- Cambarunio           
  |  |                                       
  |  |        +-------- Ortmanniana          
  |  |        |                              
  +--+--------+     +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
     |        |  +--+                        
     |        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens  
     |        +--+                           
     |           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
     |           +--+                        
     |              +-- Lampsilis_radiata    
     |                                       
     |  +-------------- Lampsilis_bracteata  
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_ornata     
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata      
           |  |                              
           +--+  +----- Lampsilis_cardium__3 
              |  |                           
              +--+  +-- Lampsilis_satura     
                 |  |                        
                 +--+-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 
                    |                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 121 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
  |                  
  +-- Elliptio       
--+                  
  +-- Lampsilis      
  |                  
  +-- Quadrula       

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
  |                  
  +-- Ortmanniana    
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilis      
  |                  
--+-- Cambarunio     
  |                  
  +-- Elliptio       
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobema     
  |                  
  +-- Quadrula       

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                 
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           |  +-----+                        
           |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Venustaconcha        
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Lampsilis      

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Obovaria       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ortmanniana    
     +--+                  
        +-- Lampsilis      

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Potamilus      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Venustaconcha  
     +--+                  
        +-- Lampsilis      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 67 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                 
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
           |  +-----+                        
           |  |     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Venustaconcha        
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 75 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Ortmanniana    
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Cambarunio     
     +--+                  
        +-- Lampsilis      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 75 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                        
  |  +----- Ortmanniana    
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lampsilis      
     +--+                  
        +-- Cambarunio     

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                        
--+     +-- Quadrula       
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Uniomerus      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Pleurobema     
     +--+                  
        +-- Elliptio       

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis      
--+                  
  +-- Amblema_plicata **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 26 0 0 --
  +----- Amblema_plicata **
--+                     
  |  +-- Lampsilis      
  +--+                  
     +-- Popenaias      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
           +--+  +--+                           
              |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  |  +--+                        
              +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa    
                 |                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
           +--+  +--+                           
              |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  |  +--+                        
              +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa    
                 |                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
           +--+  +--+                           
              |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  |  +--+                        
              +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa    
                 |                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+  +-------- Venustaconcha        
              |  |                              
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
              +--+-----+                        
                 |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                 |                              
                 |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_cariosa    

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +----------------- Amblema_plicata **
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Popenaias      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Toxolasma      
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Potamilus      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Leaunio        
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lampsilis      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Venustaconcha  

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 44 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Lampsilis      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                    
  |                 +-- Chamberlainia  
  |  +--------------+                  
--+  |              +-- Sinohyriopsis  
  |  |                                 
  |  |              +-- Physunio       
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+           |  +-- Lens           
     |  +--------+                     
     |  |        |  +-- Hyriopsis      
     |  |        +--+                  
     |  |           +-- Rectidens      
     |  |                              
     +--+        +----- Potomida       
        |  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Pronodularia   
        |  |     +--+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotula     
        +--+                           
           |        +-- Pseudodon      
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Pilsbryoconcha 
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Parvasolenaia  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Microcondylaea 
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Sinosolenaia   

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata **
  |                                    
  |                 +-- Chamberlainia  
  |  +--------------+                  
--+  |              +-- Sinohyriopsis  
  |  |                                 
  |  |              +-- Physunio       
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+           |  +-- Lens           
     |  +--------+                     
     |  |        |  +-- Hyriopsis      
     |  |        +--+                  
     |  |           +-- Rectidens      
     |  |                              
     +--+        +----- Potomida       
        |  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Pronodularia   
        |  |     +--+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotula     
        +--+                           
           |        +-- Pseudodon      
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Pilsbryoconcha 
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Parvasolenaia  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Microcondylaea 
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Sinosolenaia   

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 86 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 84 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata **      
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Popenaias            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma            
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Leaunio              
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 139 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata **
--+                  
  +-- Popenaias      

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata ** 
  |                                     
--+                 +-- Gonidea         
  |  +--------------+                   
  |  |              +-- Inversidens     
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Unio            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Lanceolaria     
        |  |                            
        +--+        +-- Acuticosta      
           |  +-----+                   
           |  |     +-- Brachyanodon    
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Globunio        
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Pseudoacuticosta
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Huizhou