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Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

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Publication Graf & Ó Foighil (2000): cladograms
     publication summary | cladograms

Complete Citation

Graf, D.L. & D. Ó Foighil. 2000. The evolution of brooding characters among the freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) of North America. Journal of Molluscan Studies 66: 157-170. Available electronically.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

Cladogram Figure 2A
  +----------------------------------- Neotrigonia_margaritacea   
  |                                                               
--+  +-------------------------------- Mutela_rostrata            
  |  |                                                            
  |  |  +----------------------------- Hyridella_depressa         
  +--+  |                                                         
     |  |                          +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
     |  |  +-----------------------+                              
     +--+  |                       +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
        |  |                                                      
        |  |                       +-- Unio_pictorum              
        |  |  +--------------------+                              
        +--+  |                    +-- Unio_caffer                
           |  |                                                   
           |  |           +----------- Anodonta_cygnea            
           |  |           |                                       
           |  |  +--------+        +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
           +--+  |        |  +-----+                              
              |  |        |  |     +-- Lasmigona_costata          
              |  |        +--+                                    
              |  |           |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus       
              |  |           +--+                                 
              |  |              |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
              |  |              +--+                              
              +--+                 +-- Pyganodon_fragilis         
                 |                                                
                 |           +-------- Quadrula_quadrula          
                 |  +--------+                                    
                 |  |        |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata           
                 |  |        +--+                                 
                 |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                 |  |           +--+                              
                 +--+              +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                    |                                             
                    |  +-------------- Amblema_plicata            
                    |  |                                          
                    |  |  +----------- Ligumia_recta              
                    |  |  |                                       
                    +--+  +----------- Truncilla_truncata         
                       |  |                                       
                       |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                       |  +--------+                              
                       +--+        +-- Sagittunio_nasutus         
                          |                                       
                          |     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
                          |  +--+                                 
                          |  |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra       
                          |  |  +--+                              
                          |  |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens       
                          +--+                                    
                             |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                             |  |                                 
                             |  +----- Cambarunio_iris            
                             +--+                                 
                                +----- Leaunio_vanuxemensis       
                                |                                 
                                |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                                +--+                              
                                   +-- Lampsilis_fasciola         
Cladogram Figure 2B
  +-------------------------------------------- Neotrigonia_margaritacea   
  |                                                                        
--+  +----------------------------------------- Mutela_rostrata            
  |  |                                                                     
  |  |  +-------------------------------------- Hyridella_depressa         
  +--+  |                                                                  
     |  |                                   +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
     |  |  +--------------------------------+                              
     +--+  |                                +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
        |  |                                                               
        |  |                                +-- Unio_pictorum              
        |  |  +-----------------------------+                              
        +--+  |                             +-- Unio_caffer                
           |  |                                                            
           |  |                    +----------- Anodonta_cygnea            
           |  |                    |                                       
           |  |  +-----------------+        +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
           +--+  |                 |  +-----+                              
              |  |                 |  |     +-- Lasmigona_costata          
              |  |                 +--+                                    
              |  |                    |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus       
              |  |                    +--+                                 
              |  |                       |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
              +--+                       +--+                              
                 |                          +-- Pyganodon_fragilis         
                 |                                                         
                 |                    +-------- Quadrula_quadrula          
                 |  +-----------------+                                    
                 |  |                 |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata           
                 |  |                 +--+                                 
                 |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                 +--+                    +--+                              
                    |                       +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                    |                                                      
                    |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
                    |  |                                                   
                    +--+  +-------------------- Truncilla_truncata         
                       |  |                                                
                       +--+  +----------------- Ligumia_recta              
                          |  |                                             
                          |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                          +--+  +-----------+                              
                             |  |           +-- Sagittunio_nasutus         
                             |  |                                          
                             +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
                                |  |                                       
                                |  |     +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                                +--+  +--+                                 
                                   |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                                   |  |  +--+                              
                                   |  |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola         
                                   +--+                                    
                                      |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens       
                                      |  +--+                              
                                      |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra       
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +-- Cambarunio_iris            
                                         +--+                              
                                            +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis       
 
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