species Theliderma metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 305, pl. 81, figs. 15-16 [also as ‘U. metanevra’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 50.
NEOTYPE ANSP_20238, Ohio River.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) metanevra — Call (1900)
Quadrula metanevra — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), ... ITIS (2012), Szumowski et al. (2012), Haag (2012), McMurray et al. (2012), Inoue et al. (2018)
Quadrula (s.s.) (Group of Q. metanevra) metanevra — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevra — F.C. Baker (1928)
Quadrula (sec. Theliderma) metaneura [sic] — Thiele (1934)
Theliderma metanevra — Morrison (1966), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Roe & Boyer (2015), ... FMCS (2021), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrus — Haas (1969)

Unio nodosus Barnes, 1823

(homonym of Unio (Eurynia) solenoides var. nodosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 124, pl. 6, figs. 7a-b.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (s.s.) (Group of Q. metanevra) metanevra — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevra — F.C. Baker (1928)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrus — Haas (1969)
Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metanever ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 418.
Jay, 1835. Cat. Rec. Shells: 17.
Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 179.
Agassiz, 1852. Arch. Naturg. 18(1): 48.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Mørch, 1853. Cat. Conch. Yoldi 2: 44.
Lewis, 1871. Amer. J. Conch. 6: 218.
Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 15 [as ‘Margarita (Unio) metanever’].

Quadrula metanevra — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio tuberosus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 210 [48], pl. 14, fig. 25.
HOLOTYPE USNM_84219, Cumberland R., Middle Tenn.

Quadrula (s.s.) tuberosa — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (s.s.) (Group of Q. metanevra) tuberosa — Simpson (1914)
Unio tuberosus — de Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula intermedia — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-tuberosa — Frierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus tuberosus — Haas (1969)
Quadrula tuberosa — R.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), ITIS (2012)
Theliderma tuberosa — IUCN (1996), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Theliderma metanevra — Williams et al. (2017), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio metaneurus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Herrmannsen, 1849. Ind. Gener. Malacol. 2: 571.
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 50.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Thiele, 1934. Handb. Syst. Weichtierk. 3: 826 [1260] [as ‘Quadrula (Theliderma) metaneura’].

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (s.s.) (Group of Q. metanevra) metanevra — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio wardii Lea, 1861

Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 392.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 187 [9], pl. 24, fig. 257.
HOLOTYPE USNM_84237, Mahoning R., Ohio.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra var. wardii — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (s.s.) (Group of Q. metanevra) metanevra var. wardii — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra wardii — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardii — Frierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus wardii — Haas (1969)
Quadrula metanevra — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula quadrula ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) quadrula Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lydeard et al., 2000. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 177: 148. [in part]

Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula nobilis ‘Conrad’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Unio nobilis Conrad, 1854)
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005. Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012. Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 23. [in part]

Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metaniver Catlow & Reeve, 1845

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Lea’ Catlow & Reeve, 1845. Conch. Nomen.: 61.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio metanera Gray, 1847

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
Gray, 1847. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 15: 196.

Unio rugosus Lea, 1852

(misidentified reference to Unio rugosus Barnes, 1823)
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 21, footnote.

Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardii — Frierson (1927)