species Theliderma metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 305, pl. 81, figs. 15-16 [also as ‘U. metanevra’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 50.
Type(s): NEOTYPE ANSP_20238, Ohio River.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) metanevra — Call (1900)
Quadrula metanevra — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), ... ITIS (2012), Szumowski et al. (2012), Haag (2012), McMurray et al. (2012), Inoue et al. (2018)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevra — F.C. Baker (1928)
Quadrula (sec. Theliderma) metaneura [sic] — Thiele (1934)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrus — Haas (1969)
Theliderma metanevra — Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Roe & Boyer (2015), Williams et al. (2017), ... FMCS (2021), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio nodosus Barnes, 1823

(homonym of Unio (Eurynia) solenoides var. nodosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 124, pl. 6, figs. 7a-b.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevra — F.C. Baker (1928)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrus — Haas (1969)
Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metanever ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 418.
Jay, 1835. Cat. Rec. Shells: 17.
Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 179.
Agassiz, 1852. Arch. Naturg. 18(1): 48.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Mørch, 1853. Cat. Conch. Yoldi 2: 44.
Lewis, 1871. Amer. J. Conch. 6: 218.
Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 15 [as ‘Margarita (Unio) metanever’].

Quadrula metanevra — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio tuberosus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 210 [48], pl. 14, fig. 25.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84219, Cumberland R., Middle Tenn.

Quadrula (s.s.) tuberosa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio tuberosus — de Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula intermedia — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-tuberosa — Frierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus tuberosus — Haas (1969)
Quadrula tuberosa — R.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), ITIS (2012)
Theliderma tuberosa — IUCN (1996), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Theliderma metanevra — Williams et al. (2017), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio metaneurus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Herrmannsen, 1849. Ind. Gener. Malacol. 2: 571.
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 50.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Thiele, 1934. Handb. Syst. Weichtierk. 3: 826 [1260] [as ‘Quadrula (Theliderma) metaneura’].

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio wardii Lea, 1861

Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 392.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 187 [9], pl. 24, fig. 257.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84237, Mahoning R., Ohio.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra var. wardii — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra wardii — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardii — Frierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus wardii — Haas (1969)
Quadrula metanevra — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula quadrula ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) quadrula Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lydeard et al., 2000. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 177: 148. [in part]

Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula nobilis ‘Conrad’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Unio nobilis Conrad, 1854)
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005. Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012. Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 23. [in part]

Theliderma metanevra — Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metaniver Catlow & Reeve, 1845

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Lea’ Catlow & Reeve, 1845. Conch. Nomen.: 61.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula metanevra — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio metanera Gray, 1847

(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)
Gray, 1847. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 15: 196.

Unio rugosus Lea, 1852

(misidentified reference to Unio rugosus Barnes, 1823)
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 21, footnote.

Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardii — Frierson (1927)