Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina

genus Pletholophus Simpson, 1900: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 41 cladograms in 23 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.59, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 10
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 3.4 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.9

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Pletholophus cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Pletholophus cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 30 29 8 0 
  +-------------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                                
--+  +----------------- Beringiana                 
  |  |                                             
  |  |           +----- Mimo                       
  +--+  +--------+                                 
     |  |        |  +-- Acudonta                   
     |  |        +--+                              
     |  |           +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                          
        |        +----- Anemina                    
        |  +-----+                                 
        |  |     |  +-- Amuranodonta               
        |  |     +--+                              
        +--+        +-- Buldowskia                 
           |                                       
           |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
           +--+                                    
              |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **     
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 30 26 6 0 
              +----- Amuranodonta               
  +-----------+                                 
  |           |  +-- Anemina                    
  |           +--+                              
--+              +-- Buldowskia                 
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Cristaria                  
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
              +--+                              
                 +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 0 
              +----- Amuranodonta               
  +-----------+                                 
  |           |  +-- Anemina                    
  |           +--+                              
--+              +-- Buldowskia                 
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Cristaria                  
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
              +--+                              
                 +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 0 
              +----- Amuranodonta               
  +-----------+                                 
  |           |  +-- Anemina                    
  |           +--+                              
--+              +-- Buldowskia                 
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Cristaria                  
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
              +--+                              
                 +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 12 10 4 31 29 7 8 
  +----------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                             
  |           +----- Beringiana                 
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        |  +-- Acudonta                   
  |  |        +--+                              
  |  |           +-- Sinanodonta                
  +--+                                          
     |        +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
     |  |     +--+                              
     +--+        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **     
        |                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Anemina                    
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                              
                 +-- Buldowskia

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 627 29 8 2 
           +----- Mimo                       
  +--------+                                 
  |        |  +-- Acudonta                   
  |        +--+                              
--+           +-- Sinanodonta                
  |                                          
  |  +----------- Beringiana                 
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **     
           +--+                              
              +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 25 24 7 1 
           +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
  +--------+                                 
  |        |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
  |        +--+                              
  |           +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
--+                                          
  |        +----- Beringiana                 
  |  +-----+                                 
  |  |     |  +-- Mimo                       
  |  |     +--+                              
  +--+        +-- Sinanodonta                
     |                                       
     |  +-------- Cristaria                  
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Anemina                    
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Amuranodonta               
           +--+                              
              +-- Buldowskia

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 
  +----------- Cristaria                 
--+                                      
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta               
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **       
        +--+                             
           +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria             
--+                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 25 6 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                 
  |                                      
  |     +----- Amuranodonta              
--+  +--+                                
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                   
  |  |  +--+                             
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                
  +--+                                   
     |     +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
     |  +--+                             
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **       
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Beringiana                
        +--+                             
           +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 123 5 2 -- 
-- Pletholophus_tenuis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria                 
--+                                
  |  +-- Sinanodonta               
  +--+                             
     +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 8 3 -- 
  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                      
  +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                  
  |                                       
  |     +----- Amuranodonta               
--+  +--+                                 
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                    
  |  |  +--+                              
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                 
  +--+                                    
     |     +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Acudonta                   
        +--+                              
           +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                         
  |  +-- Sinanodonta        
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria          
  |                               
--+        +-- Anemina            
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Sinanodonta        
        +--+                      
           +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 11 4 -- 
        +-- Beringiana            
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cristaria             
     +--+                         
        +-- Buldowskia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria          
  |                               
--+        +-- Anemina            
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Sinanodonta        
        +--+                      
           +-- Beringiana

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 197 8 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina            
--+                            
  |  +----- Cristaria          
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta           
--+                            
  |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 23 6 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria          
  |                            
  |  +----- Anemina            
  +--+                         
--+  |  +-- Amuranodonta       
  |  +--+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia         
  |                            
  |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Beringiana         
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 137 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 81 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta           
--+                            
  |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 64 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                  
  |                                       
  |     +----- Amuranodonta               
--+  +--+                                 
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                    
  |  |  +--+                              
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                 
  +--+                                    
     |     +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Acudonta                   
        +--+                              
           +-- Sinanodonta

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                         
  |  +-- Sinanodonta        
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 17 4 -- 
        +-- Beringiana            
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cristaria             
     +--+                         
        +-- Buldowskia

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                         
  |  +-- Sinanodonta        
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
        +-- Anemina            
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Amuranodonta       
--+                            
  |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Sinanodonta        
     +--+                      
        +-- Beringiana

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 8 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina            
--+                            
  |  +----- Cristaria          
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 13 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                  
  |                                       
  |     +----- Amuranodonta               
--+  +--+                                 
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                    
  |  |  +--+                              
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                 
  +--+                                    
     |     +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Acudonta                   
        +--+                              
           +-- Sinanodonta

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 79 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria          
--+                            
  |  +----- Anemina            
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 137 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 9 5 -- 
-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta        
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 11 2 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
--+                                
  |  +-- Cristaria                 
  +--+                             
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 7 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria             
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Buldowskia            
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
     +--+                         
        +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                         
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 8 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria             
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Buldowskia            
--+                               
  |  +----- Beringiana            
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
     +--+                         
        +-- Sinanodonta