Page last updated
Wed 1 October 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Publication IUCN (2012): taxonomic opinions
     publication summary

Complete Citation

IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List. Available electronically.

Taxonomic Opinions

Alasmidonta arcula (Lea, 1838)

Alasmidonta atropurpureum (I. Lea, 1838) [sic] = Alasmidonta atropurpurea

Alasmidonta raveneliana (Lea, 1834)

Alasmidonta triangulata (Lea, 1858)

Amblema plicata (Say, 1817)

Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877)
+ Anodonta arcaeformis var. flavotincta Martens, 1905
+ Anodonta arcaeformis var. suifunica Lindholm, 1925
+ Amuranodonta kijaensis Moskvicheva, 1973

Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) = Buldowskia flavotincta

Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) = Buldowskia suifunica

Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) = Amuranodonta kijaensis

Anodonta cyrea Drouët, 1881 = Anodonta anatina

Batissa inflata Prime, 1860

Batissa similis Prime, 1860

Chamberlainia hainesiana (Lea, 1856) = Sinohyriopsis goliath
+ Unio paviei Morlet, 1891
+ Dysnomia pavonina Rochebrune, 1882
+ Simpsonia demangei Rochebrune, 1904
+ Unio duclerci Rochebrune, 1882
+ Unio imperialis Morelet, 1862

Chamberlainia hainesiana (Lea, 1856)

Chamberlainia hainesiana (Lea, 1856) = Chamberlainia duclerci

Corbicula amurensis Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994

Corbicula annadalei [sic] Prashad, 1928 = Corbicula annandalei

Corbicula arata (Sowerby, 1878)

Corbicula assamensis Prashad, 1928

Corbicula astartina von Martens, 1860
+ Corbicula albida albida Haas, 1936

Corbicula aurea Nesemann & Sharma, 2007

Corbicula australis (Deshayes, 1830)
+ Corbiculina semara Iredale, 1943
+ Corbicula desolata Tate, 1887

Corbicula baudoni Morlet, 1886

Corbicula bensoni Deshayes, 1854

Corbicula blandiana Prime, 1864

Corbicula bocourti Morelet, 1865

Corbicula castanea (Morelet, 1865)

Corbicula cyreniformis Prime, 1860

Corbicula erosa Prime, 1861

Corbicula finitima (Lindholm, 1927)

Corbicula fluminalis (Müller, 1774)
+ Cyrena africana Krauss, 1848

Corbicula fluminalis (Müller, 1774) = Corbicula africana

Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774)

Corbicula iravadica Blanford, 1880

Corbicula krishnaea Ray, 1967

Corbicula lamarckiana Prime, 1864

Corbicula leana Prime, 1864

Corbicula leviuscula Prime, 1867

Corbicula luteola Prashad, 1928

Corbicula lydigiana Prime, 1861

Corbicula messageri Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1901

Corbicula moltkiana Prime, 1878

Corbicula moreletiana Prime, 1867

Corbicula nevelskoyi Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994

Corbicula noetlingi von Martens, 1899

Corbicula occidentiformis Brandt, 1974

Corbicula producta von Martens, 1905
+ Corbicula ferghanensis Kursalova & Starobogatov, 1971

Corbicula regularis Prime, 1860 = Corbicula striatella

Corbicula siamensis Prashad, 1929

Corbicula sirotskii Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994

Corbicula striatella Deshayes, 1854
+ Corbicula occidens Deshayes, 1854

Corbicula sylhetica Preston, 1908

Corbicula tenuis Clessin, 1887

Cristaria tenuis (Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) = Pletholophus tenuis
+ Alasmodonta nicobarica Mörch, 1872
+ Anodonta chinensis Küster, 1853
+ Anodonta gruneriana Clessin, 1876
+ Unio swinhoei H. Adams, 1866
+ Symphynota discoidea Lea, 1834
+ Dipsas gentilianus Heude, 1881
+ Cristaria inangulata Haas, 1910
+ Dipsas parvulus Heude, 1878
+ Unio magnificus Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833

Cristaria tenuis (Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) = Pseudodon nicobaricus

Cumberlandia monodonta (Say, 1829)

Cyprogenia aberti (Conrad, 1850)

Diaurora aurorea Heude, 1883
+ Unio arboreus IUCN, 2012

Elliptio nigella (I. Lea, 1852)

Elliptio roanokensis (Lea, 1838)

Elliptio spinosa (Lea, 1836)

Elliptoideus sloatianus (I. Lea, 1840)

Ensidens ingallsianus Lea, 1852
+ Unio dugasti Morlet, 1892
+ Unio jaculus Rochebrune, 1882
+ Unio pazii Lea, 1862

Ensidens ingallsianus Lea, 1852 = Ensidens jaculus

Ensidens ingallsianus Lea, 1852 = Ensidens dugasti

Ensidens sagittarius Lea, 1856

Epioblasma capsaeformis (Lea, 1834)

Epioblasma othcaloogensis (I. Lea, 1857)

Epioblasma torulosa torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma torulosa

Fusconaia burkei (Walker, 1922)

Fusconaia cor (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio edgarianus Lea, 1840

Fusconaia cuneolus (Lea, 1840)

Fusconaia ebena (Lea, 1831) = Reginaia ebenus

Fusconaia lananensis (Frierson, 1901)

Fusconaia subrotunda (Lea, 1831)
+ Obliquaria (Rotundaria) subrotunda var. maculata Rafinesque, 1820

Geloina luchuana (Pilsbry)
+ Cyrena (papua var.?) yaeyamensis Pilsbry, 1894

Hamiota altilis (Conrad, 1834)

Harmandia munensis Brandt, 1974 = Lens comptus

Hyriopsis bialata Simpson, 1900
+ Unio delphinus Gruner, 1841
+ Unio megapterus Morelet, 1864

Lamprotula caveata (Heude, 1877)
+ Unio quadrangulosus Heude, 1881

Lamprotula mansuyi (Dautzenberg & Fischer) = Gibbosula crassa

Lamprotula salaputium von Martens, 1902

Lampsilis abrupta (Say, 1831)

Lampsilis fasciola Rafinesque, 1820
+ Unio multiradiatus Lea, 1829

Lampsilis hydiana (Lea, 1838)
+ Unio approximus Lea, 1845

Lampsilis ornata (Conrad, 1835)
+ Unio excavatus Lea, 1857

Lampsilis rafinesqueana Frierson, 1927

Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823) = Lampsilis radiata
+ Unio luteola Lamarck, 1819

Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823)

Lampsilis splendida (Lea, 1838)

Lampsilis teres (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Unio anodontoides Lea, 1831
+ Lampsilis fallaciosus Smith, 1899

Lanceolaria grayii (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)

Lasmigona subviridis (Conrad, 1835) = Platynaias subviridis

Lemiox rimosus (Rafinesque, 1831)
+ Unio caelatus Conrad, 1834

Leptodea ochracea (Say, 1817) = Atlanticoncha ochracea
+ Mytilus fluviatilis Gmelin, 1791

Margaritifera hembeli (Conrad, 1838)

Margaritifera marrianae Johnson, 1983

Medionidus parvulus I. Lea, 1860

Medionidus walkeri (Wright, 1897)

Nodularia dorri Wattebled, 1886 = Nodularia douglasiae
+ Nodularia douglasiae crassidens Haas, 1910

Nodularia dorri Wattebled, 1886

Obovaria haddletoni (Athearn, 1964)

Obovaria jacksoniana (Frierson, 1912) = Obovaria arkansasensis

Obovaria olivaria (Rafinesque, 1820)

Oxynaia gladiator (Ancey, 1881) = Nodularia gladiator

Parreysia humilis Lea, 1866 = Scabies humilis

Parreysia pecten (Preston, 1912) = Indonaia substriata

Parreysia substriata Lea, 1856 = Indonaia substriata

Pegias fabula I. Lea, 1838

Physunio eximius (Lea, 1856) = Lens eximius
+ Unio semiquadrata Sowerby, 1866

Physunio ferrugineus Annandale, 1918 = Lamellidens ferrugineus

Physunio inornatus (Lea, 1856) = Lens inornatus

Physunio micropterus (Morelet, 1866) = Lens micropterus
+ Unio semialatus Deshayes & Jullien, 1876

Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974

Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei Morelet, 1875 = Namkongnaia lemeslei
+ Pilsbryoconcha lemsleyi Simpson, 1900

Pilsbryoconcha suilla von Martens, 1902 = Sinanodonta jourdyi

Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827)

Pleurobema athearni Gangloff, Williams & Feminella, 2006

Pleurobema curtum I. Lea, 1859

Pleurobema decisum (Lea, 1831)

Pleurobema hanleyianum (Lea, 1852)

Pleurobema perovatum (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio johannis Lea, 1859
+ Unio cinnamomicus Lea, 1861
+ Unio concolor Lea, 1861
+ Unio flavidulus Lea, 1861
+ Unio interventus Lea, 1861
+ Unio litus Lea, 1871
+ Unio nux Lea, 1852
+ Unio pallidofulvus Lea, 1861
+ Unio pinkstoni S.H. Wright, 1897
+ Unio simulans Lea, 1871

Pleurobema perovatum (Conrad, 1834) = Pleurobema pyriforme

Pleurobema pyriforme (Lea, 1857)
+ Unio reclusus B.H. Wright, 1898

Pleurobema rubellum (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio furvus Conrad, 1834

Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836
+ Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. paupercula Simpson, 1900

Pleurobema taitianum (I. Lea, 1834)

Pleuronaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838)

Pleuronaia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840)

Polymesoda bengalensis (Lamarck, 1818) = Geloina bengalensis
+ Cyrena (Corneocyclas) galatheae Mörch, 1850

Polymesoda expansa (Mousson, 1849) = Geloina expansa

Potamilus capax (Green, 1832)

Potamilus ohiensis (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Symphynota laevissima Lea, 1829

Pseudodon inoscularis (Gould, 1844)
+ Anodonta cumingii Lea, 1851
+ Unio vondembuschii Sowerby, 1868

Pseudodon inoscularis (Gould, 1844) = Sundadontina cumingii

Pseudodon mouhotii (Lea, 1863) = Bineurus mouhotii
+ Pseudodon mabilli Rochebrune, 1882

Pseudodon mouhotii (Lea, 1863) = Sundadontina mabilli

Pseudodon vondembuschianus (Lea, 1840)
+ Alasmodonta vandembuschiana Mousson, 1849

Ptychobranchus greenii (Conrad, 1834)

Ptychobranchus jonesi (van der Schalie, 1934)

Ptychorhynchus pfisteri Heude, 1874
+ Unio pfisteri var. insperatus Heude, 1877

Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817)
+ Anodonta dariensis Lea, 1858
+ Anodonta doliaris Lea, 1863
+ Anodonta marginata Say, 1817
+ Anodonta teres Conrad, 1834

Pyganodon fragilis Lamarck, 1819

Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824)

Pyganodon grandis Say, 1829
+ Anodonta corpulenta Cooper, 1834
+ Anodonta simpsoniana Lea, 1861

Quadrula cylindrica Say, 1817 = Theliderma cylindrica

Quadrula intermedia (Conrad, 1836) = Theliderma intermedia

Quadrula rumphiana (Lea, 1852) = Quadrula quadrula

Scabies nucleus (Lea, 1856)

Solenaia emarginata (Lea, 1860)

Solenaia khwaenoiensis Panha & Deein, 2004 = Solenaia emarginata

Strophitus connasaugaensis (Lea, 1858) = Pseudodontoideus connasaugaensis

Toxolasma cylindrellus (Lea, 1868) = Toxolasma lividum
+ Unio glans Lea, 1831

Toxolasma cylindrellus (Lea, 1868)

Toxolasma lividum (Rafinesque, 1831)

Toxolasma parvum (Barnes, 1823)

Trapezoideus misellus (Morelet, 1865) = Lens misellus
+ Unio siamensis Lea, 1866

Truncilla donaciformis (Lea, 1828)
+ Unio zigzag Lea, 1829

Uniandra contradens Lea, 1838 = Lens contradens

Uniandra gratiosus Philippi, 1845 = Indonaia gratiosa
+ Unio anceps Deshayes & Jullien, 1876

Uniandra gratiosus Philippi, 1845 = Scabies anceps

Uniandra semmelinki von Martens, 1891 = Lens semmelinki

Uniandra subcircularis Brandt, 1974 = Leoparreysia subcircularis

Uniomerus caroliniana (Bosc, 1801) = Uniomerus carolinianus
+ Unio obesus Lea, 1831

Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831)
+ Unio excultus Conrad, 1838

Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831) = Uniomerus declivis

Unionetta fabagina Deshayes & Jullien, 1874
+ Unio broti Deshayes & Jullien, 1876
+ Unio molleuri Morlet, 1891

Utterbackia imbecillis Say, 1829

Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Conrad, 1836)

Villorita corbiculoides Prashad, 1927

Villorita cornucopia Prashad, 1921

Villorita cyprinoides (Gray, 1825)

Villosa choctawensis Athearn, 1964 = Obovaria choctawensis

Villosa constricta (Conrad, 1838) = Venustaconcha constricta

Villosa delumbis Conrad, 1834

Villosa fabalis (Lea, 1831) = Paetulunio fabalis
+ Unio capillus Say, 1831
+ Unio donacopsis de Gregorio, 1914
+ Unio lapillus Say, 1831

Villosa taeniata Conrad, 1834 = Cambarunio taeniatus
+ Unio pictus Lea, 1834
+ Unio menkianus Lea, 1838

Villosa villosa (Wright, 1898)