species Elliptio icterina (Conrad, 1834): synonymy

Unio confertus Lea, 1834

Lea, 1834. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5 [O. 1]: 103 [215], pl. 16, fig. 47.
Type(s): IDIOTYPE USNM_85634, Santee Canal, S. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) raveneli — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio icterinus Conrad, 1834

Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 41, pl. 6, fig. 5.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(4): 39, pl. 18, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 250.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_41381, muddy shore, Savannah River, opposite Augusta [Richmond Co.], Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) icterinus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-icterinus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus icterinus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio icterina — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), ... Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
“Elliptio icterina” ** — Pavan-Kumar et al. (2022)

Unio raveneli Conrad, 1834

(renamed Margarita (Unio) watereensis Lea, 1836)
Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 39, pl. 6, fig. 4.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 256.
Type(s): SYNTYPE ANSP_41370, So. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) raveneli — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio raveneli — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Bogan (2002), Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012)
Elliptio icterina — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Margarita (Unio) watereensis Lea, 1836

(new name for Unio raveneli Conrad, 1834)
Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 31.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 33.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 53.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) raveneli — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio lugubris Lea, 1838

(renamed Elliptio cylindraceus Frierson, 1927; homonym of Unio lugubris Say, 1832)
Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 37. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 30, pl. 9, fig. 25.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85638, Hopeton, near Darien, Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) cylindraceus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) lugubris — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio lugubris — Turgeon et al. (1998), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012)
Elliptio icterina — Williams et al. (2017)

Unio geddingsianus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 285.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 202 [40], pl. 11, fig. 15.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85650, Congaree R., S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio cylindracea — IUCN (2011)

Unio limatulus Conrad, 1849

Conrad, 1849. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4: 154.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 251.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio barrattii Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 256 [12], pl. 13, fig. 5.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86010, Abbeville District, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) tuomeyi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-tuomeyi — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus tuomeyi — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio tuomeyi Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 256 [12], pl. 13, fig. 4.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85669, Abbeville District, S. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) tuomeyi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-tuomeyi — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus tuomeyi — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio cylindracea — IUCN (2011)

Unio whiteianus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 258 [14], pl. 14, fig. 8.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85657, near Savannah, Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio whiteanus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio whiteianus Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 260.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 28.

Unio aequatus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 170 [as ‘æquatus’].
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 89, pl. 19, fig. 69 [as ‘æquatus’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85561, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) obnubilus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio errans Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 60, pl. 9, fig. 42.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85541, Tobesaufkee Cr., near Macon, Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) errans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) errans — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio errans — Turgeon et al. (1998), Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010), Cummings & Graf (2010), IUCN (2011), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012)
Elliptio icterina — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio micans Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 85.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 59 [63], pl. 3, fig. 207.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85077, Catawba R., Gaston Co., N Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) micans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) micans — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio obnubilus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 169.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 84, pl. 17, fig. 64.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85646, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) obnubilus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio opacus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 169.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 86, pl. 18, fig. 66.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85546, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) obnubilus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio similis Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 169.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 91, pl. 19, fig. 71.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85653, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) similis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio viridicatus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 170.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 87, pl. 18, fig. 67.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85551, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) viridicatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) obnubilus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio hepaticus Lea, 1859

Lea, 1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 11: 154.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 348 [30], pl. 57, fig. 173.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85559, Salkehatchie R., S. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) hepaticus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio hepatica — Turgeon et al. (1998), Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012)
Elliptio icterina — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio ocmulgeensis Lea, 1861

Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 38 [as ‘ocmulgéensis’].
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 95 [99], pl. 14, fig. 243 [as ‘ocmulgéensis’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85901, Little Ocmulgee R., Lumber City, Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) ocmulgeensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio ochmulgensis [sic] — de Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-ocmulgeensis — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus ocmulgeensis — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio ablatus Lea, 1863

Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 13 [17], pl. 4, fig. 10 [as ‘oblatus’].

Unio (sec. Elliptio) oblatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio icterina — Bieler (2021)

Unio livingstonensis Lea, 1863

Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 192.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 14 [18], pl. 4, fig. 11.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85536, Livingston Cr., Brunswick Co., N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) livingstonensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-livingstonensis — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus livingstonensis — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio lucidus Lea, 1863

(homonym of Unio (Anodontes) lucida d’Orbigny, 1835)
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 192.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 9 [13], pl. 2, fig. 6.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85242, Livingston Cr., Brunswick Co., N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) insulsus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lucidus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio fuscatus Reeve, 1865

(misidentified reference to Unio fuscatus Lea, 1843)
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 21, sp. 95.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) fuscatus — Simpson (1900)
Elliptio (s.s.) lehmani — Frierson (1927)

Unio radiolus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 192.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 21 [25], pl. 6, fig. 18.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85652, Ogeechee R., Liberty Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio cuspidatus Lea, 1872

Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 159.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 43 [47], pl. 14, fig. 40.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_86014, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) icterinus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-icterinus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus icterinus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio hastatus Lea, 1874

Lea, 1874. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 25: 423.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 56 [60], pl. 19, fig. 54.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_86013, Abbeville District, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) tuomeyi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-pullatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus pullatus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)

Unio oblatus Simpson, 1900

(new name for Unio ablatus Lea, 1863)
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193 [as ‘ablatus’].
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 13 [17], pl. 4, fig. 10.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 730.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86001, Gaston Co., N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) oblatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio icterina — Bieler (2021)

Unio ochmulgensis [sic] f.a dominus de Gregorio, 1914

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ocmulgeensis Lea, 1861)
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 48, pl. 7, figs. 1a-d.

Unio ochmulgensis [sic] f.a dominus — de Gregorio (1914)

Elliptio cylindraceus Frierson, 1927

(new name for Unio lugubris Lea, 1838)
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 29, sp. 87.

Elliptio (s.s.) cylindraceus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) lugubris — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) icterina — R.I. Johnson (1970), R.I. Johnson (1972), Burch (1975)
Elliptio cylindracea — Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010), Cummings & Graf (2010), IUCN (2011)
Elliptio icterina — Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio cuspitatus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio cuspidatus Lea, 1872)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
R.I. Johnson, 1970. Bull. MCZ 140(6): 327.
R.I. Johnson, 1972. Bull. Fla. State Mus. 16(4): 206.
Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 162.

Unio waterensis Hanley, 1843

(error for Margarita (Unio) watereensis Lea, 1836)
‘Lea’ Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 200.

Unio vibex Conrad, 1853

(misidentified reference to Unio vibex Conrad, 1834)
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 260.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Margaron (Unio) legubris Lea, 1870

(error for Unio lugubris Lea, 1838)
‘Lea’ Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 53.

Unio ocmlugeensis B.H. Wright, 1888

(error for Unio ocmulgeensis Lea, 1861)
‘Lea’ B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [4].

Unio tusmeyi B.H. Wright, 1888

(error for Unio tuomeyi Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [6].

Unio barrotti Paetel, 1890

(error for Unio barrattii Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ Paetel, 1890. Cat. Conch.-Samml. 3: 145.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) tuomeyi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Unio ochmulgeensis de Gregorio, 1914

(error for Unio ocmulgeensis Lea, 1861)
‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 40.

Unio ochmulgensis de Gregorio, 1914

(error for Unio ocmulgeensis Lea, 1861)
‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 58.

Unio zeddingsianus de Gregorio, 1914

(error for Unio geddingsianus Lea, 1840)
‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 57.

Unio tourmeyi IUCN, 2011

(error for Unio tuomeyi Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ IUCN, 2011. IUCN Red List: [web].