MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
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freshwater mussels
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Data last updated
Wed 04 February 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Parreysiinae | Indochinellini
genus Indonaia Prashad, 1918: cladomics
12 Recent valid species (12 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 12 (12 total)
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 22 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 9 (mean = 3.59, median = 3)
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 21
maximum number of included terminals = 9, (mean = 5.57 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95
Pairwise Cladogram Clustering
The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Cladograms
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2
** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 53 | 20 | 7 | 0 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+-----------+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------------- Pseudoscabies
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 54 | 20 | 7 | 4 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+--------+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-------------------- Pseudoscabies
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
+--+
| +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_rugosa **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 53 | 19 | 6 | 7 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 53 | 19 | 6 | 1 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 7 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 7 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
|
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_rugosa **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 1 |
+-------------- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 120 | 7 | 3 | 10 |
+----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
| |
| | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 196 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| |
+--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 8 |
+-- Indochinella
+-----------+
| +-- Radiatula
--+
| +----------- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 47 | 7 | 3 | 8 |
+----- Indochinella
+--------+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 196 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+----- Indochinella
+--+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
| +-- Radiatula
--+
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
| | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+--+
| +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 113 | 16 | 6 | 8 |
+----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
--+ | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
| +--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +----------- Radiatula
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Scabies
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Harmandia
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 194 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| |
+--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 135 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
|
| +-- Indochinella
| +--------+
| | +-- Scabies_crispata
+--+
| +-------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----- Scabies_mandarinus
+--+
| +-- Scabies_humilis
+--+
+-- Scabies_phaselus
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 108 | 16 | 6 | 7 |
+-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----------+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
|
| +----------------- Indochinella
| |
| | +----- Radiatula_mouhoti
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
|
| +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Scabies
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 135 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
|
| +-- Indochinella
| +--------+
| | +-- Scabies_crispata
+--+
| +-------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----- Scabies_mandarinus
+--+
| +-- Scabies_humilis
+--+
+-- Scabies_phaselus
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 79 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
+----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Radiatula
| +--+
--+ +-- Scabies
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 8 |
+----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+-----------+
| | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
|
| +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +----------- Radiatula
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Scabies
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 8 |
+----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--------------+
| | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +----------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +-------------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +-------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
+--+
+-- Scabies
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 47 | 7 | 2 | -- |
+-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
--+
| +-- Indochinella
+--+
+-- Radiatula
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 7 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** | --+ +----- Indochinella | | +--+ +-- Radiatula_mouhoti | | | +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae +--+ +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii | +-- Scabies
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 3 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Indonaia_caerulea ** --+ | +----- Indochinella +--+ | +-- Scabies +--+ +-- Harmandia
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** --+ | +-- Scabies +--+ +-- Radiatula
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** --+ | +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae +--+ | +----- Scabies +--+ | +-- Radiatula_mouhoti +--+ +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_corbis **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** --+ | +-- Indochinella +--+ +-- Radiatula
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 3 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Indonaia_caerulea ** --+ | +----- Indochinella +--+ | +-- Scabies +--+ +-- Harmandia
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 82 | 13 | 6 | -- |
+----------------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** --+ | +-------------- Indochinella +--+ | +----------- Radiatula +--+ | +-------- Scabiellus +--+ | +----- Scabies +--+ | +-- Unionetta +--+ +-- Harmandia
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 7 | 3 | -- |
+-- Radiatula_mouhoti | +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae | +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii --+ +-- Indochinella | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana ** | +-- Scabies
