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Data last updated
Thu 1 January 2026
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Bivalvia
| Unionida
| Unionoidea
| Unionidae
| Ambleminae
| Pleurobemini
| Elliptio
species Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786): synonymy72 specimens + 1 Genbank voucher
Synonymy
Lister, 1685. Conch.: pl. 150, fig. 5. Lightfoot, 1786. Catalogue of the Portland Museum: 100, no. 2190. ‘Solander’s MSS.’ Dillwyn, 1817. Descr. Cat. Rec. Shells 1: 51.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio complanatus — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Walker (1918) Elliptio complanatus — Ortmann (1911), Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio complanata — Clarke (1973), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Mackie et al. (1980), Davis & Fuller (1981), ... MolluscaBase (2024), Wu et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2025), Chen et al. (2025), FMCS (2025) “L.” complanata — Marshall et al. (2018)
Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [12,] pl. 3, fig. 1. Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [17,] pl. 3, fig. 1. Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 50. (renamed Unio purpurascens Lamarck, 1819)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Conrad, 1835. New Fresh-Water Shells, Appendix: 5, pl. 9, fig. 2. Conrad, 1838. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): 97, pl. 54, fig. 1. Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 258. Type(s): SYNTYPE ANSP_119985, Augusta, Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) subinflatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-subinflatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus subinflatus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262. Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 63, pl. 10, fig. 45. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84856, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) geminus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) geminus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 86. Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 53 [57], pl. 1, fig. 199. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85644, Roanoke R., Weldon, N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) insulsus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) insulsus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 11: 112. Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 215 [33], pl. 27, fig. 95. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85998, Buck Head Cr., Burke Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) burkensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) subniger — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 191.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 17 [21], pl. 5, fig. 15. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85419, near Charlotte, Mecklenburg, Co., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 18 [22], pl. 5, fig. 16. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85076, Six Runs, Sampson Co., N Carolina.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) micans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) micans — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1865. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 17: 88.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 256 [16], pl. 31, fig. 71. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85994, River Eno, near Millsburg, Orange Co., N. Carolina.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 161.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 301 [61], pl. 45, fig. 113. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85414, Sugar Cr., near Charlotte, Mecklenburg, Co., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Unio humerosus — Henderson (1935) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 161.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 298 [58], pl. 44, fig. 110. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85417, Paw Cr., near Charlotte, Mecklenburg, Co., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 158. Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 46 [50], pl. 16, fig. 44. Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85418, near Charlotte, Mecklenburg, Co., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 156. Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 32 [36], pl. 10, fig. 29. Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85387, Yadkin R., Salisbury, [Rowand Co.], N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 15 [19], pl. 4, fig. 12. Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 235. (new name for Unio indefinilus Lea, 1863) Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85388, Long Creek, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio complanata — Bieler (2021)
‘Lea’ D.G. Smith, 2001. [in] Bauer & Wächtler, Ecol. Evol. Unionoida 145: 43. (error for Unio decumbens Lea, 1861)
‘Lam’ Ravenel, 1834. Cat. Rec. Shells: 6. (error for Unio carinifera Lamarck, 1819)
‘Say’ Ravenel, 1834. Cat. Rec. Shells: 6. (error for Unio purpureus Say, 1817)
‘Lam.’ Ravenel, 1834. Cat. Rec. Shells: 6. (error for Unio virginiana Lamarck, 1819)
‘Lam.’ Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 267, 274. (error for Unio purpurascens Lamarck, 1819)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 68, sp. 347; errata [changed to ‘depressus of D’Orbigny’]. (reference to Unio jejunus Lea, 1838)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus var. jejunus — Simpson (1900)
‘Lea’ Paetel, 1890. Cat. Conch.-Samml. 3: 143. (error for Unio abbevillensis Lea, 1857)
‘Pætel’ Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 724. (error for Unio blauverenses Paetel, 1890)
Taxonomic History (since 1900)Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) radiatus — Simpson (1900) Unio (sec. Elliptio) subinflatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) errans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus var. jejunus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) icterinus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) catawbensis — Simpson (1900) Unio (sec. Elliptio) geminus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) insulsus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) spadiceus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) purus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) burkensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Margaritana decumbens — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) roanokensis var. northamptonensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) tuomeyi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) micans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus var. quadrilaterus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) confertus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) obnubilus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) differtus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio complanatus — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Walker (1918) Elliptio complanatus — Ortmann (1911), Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928) Lampsilis (Eurynia) radiata — Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) cuvierianus — Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostrum — Simpson (1914) Unio northamptonensis — de Gregorio (1914) Unio pullatus var. majusculus — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927) Lampsilis (Ligumia) radiata — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-subinflatus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-jejunus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-cuvierianus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-catawbensis — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) errans — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) geminus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) insulsus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) spadiceus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) subniger — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-northamptonensis — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-icterinus — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) micans — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) geddingsianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) raveneli — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Unio humerosus — Henderson (1935) Elliptio strigosus — Clench & Turner (1956) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969) Elliptio complanata — R.I. Johnson (1969), Clarke (1973), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Mackie et al. (1980), ... MolluscaBase (2024), Wu et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2025), Chen et al. (2025), FMCS (2025) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus subinflatus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus jejunus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus cuvierianus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus wheatleyi — Haas (1969) Margaritifera decumbens — Haas (1969), D.G. Smith (2001) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus northamptonensis — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus icterinus — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio mediocris — Bogan (2002) “L.” complanata — Marshall et al. (2018)
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