MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
Geography
Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Thu 19 March 2026
Publication Wu et al. (2021): cladograms
Complete Citation
Wu, R., J. An, R. Chen, S. Ouyang & X. Wu. 2021. Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of freshwater mussels (Unionoida: Unionoidea) in China revealed by multilocus phylogenetic analyses and mitochondrial phylogenomics. Journal of Lake Sciences 33(6): 1788-1804. Available electronically.
Cladogram Figures
(click the figure number to see the cladogram)
Cladogram Figure 2_I
+-- Neotrigonia_margaritacea
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Neotrigonia_lamarckii
|
| +----- Alathyria_jacksoni
| +-----------------------------------+
| | | +-- Castalia_ambigua
| | +--+
| | +-- Diplodon_suavidicus
--+ |
| | +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi
| | +-----------------------------+
| | | | +----- Etheria_elliptica
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Tamsiella_schroeteriana
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
| |
| | +----------- Gibbosula_laosensis
| | |
| | | +-- Pseudunio_homsensis
| | +-----------------------+ +-----+
| | | | | +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Margaritifera_laevis
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Margaritifera_dahurica
| | +--+
| | +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
| |
| | +-------- Trapezidens_exolescens
| | +-----------+
| | | | +----- Lamellidens_savadiensis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lamellidens_generosus
| | | +--+
| | +-----------+ +-- Lamellidens_ferrugineus
| | | |
| | | | +----- Leoparreysia_olivacea
| | | | +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Leoparreysia_canefrii
| | | | | +--+
+--+ | +--+ +-- Leoparreysia_tavoyensis
| | |
| | | +-------------- Coelatura_aegyptiaca
| | +--+
| | | +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Scabies_crispata
| | +--+
| | | +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae
| | +--+
| | | +-- Radiatula_mouhoti
| | +--+
| | +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
| |
| | +-------------------------- Acuticosta_chinensis
| | |
| | | +-------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati
| | | |
| | | | +----- Scriptolamprotula_tortuosa
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_scripta
| | | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_tientsinensis
+--+ +--+ | +--+
| | | | | +-- Unio_pictorum
| | | | | +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Unio_tumidus
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +----------- Nodularia_douglasiae
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii
| | | | | +-----+
| | +--+ | | +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Tchangsinaia_piscicula
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus
| | |
| | | +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| | | +-----------+
| | | | | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
| | | |
| | +-----+ +-------- Anemina_harlandi
| | | +-----+
| | | | | +----- Cristaria_plicata
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Sinanodonta_lucida
| | +--+ +--+
+--+ | +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana
| |
| | +----------- Lasmigona_costata
| | |
| +--+ +-- Anodonta_anatina
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Anodonta_cygnea
| +--+
| | +----- Pseudanodonta_complanata
| +--+
| | +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| +--+
| +-- Strophitus_undulatus
|
| +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
| +--+
| | | +----- Ensidens_telus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ensidens_spiculus
| +--------------+ +--+
| | | +-- Ensidens_sagittarius
| | |
| | | +-------- Physunio_modelli
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lens_eximius
| | +--+
| | | +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni
| | +--+
| | +-- Yaukthwa_panhai
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula
| +--------+
| | | +----------- Elliptio_complanata
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Obliquaria_reflexa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Potamilus_alatus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Truncilla_truncata
|
| +----- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii
| |
| | +-------- Potomida_littoralis
| | +--------+
+--+ | | +----- Pronodularia_japanensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| |
| | +----- Indopseudodon_indawgyiensis
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Indopseudodon_bogani
| | +--+
| +-----+ +-- Indopseudodon_salwenianus
| | |
| | | +----- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera
|
| +----- Gonidea_angulata
| +-----+
| | | +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Microcondylaea_bonellii
|
| +-------- Inversidens_brandtii
| |
+--+ +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
| +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
+--+
| +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri
Cladogram Figure 3-BI
+----------------------------------------------- Neotrigonia_margaritacea
|
| +-------------------------------------------- Echyridella_menziesii
| |
--+ | +-- Anodontites_trapesialis
| | +--------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Mutela_dubia
| | |
| | | +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
+--+ | +-----------+
| | | +-- Gibbosula_crassa
| | +-----------------------+
| | | | +----------- Cumberlandia_monodonta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
| | +--+
| | +-- Margaritifera_dahurica
| |
| | +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus
| | +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Quadrula_quadrula
| | |
| | +-----+ +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | | | +-----------------------+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_complanata
| | | +--+
+--+ | | +----------------------- Amblema_plicata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | | +-----------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | +--+
| | | +----------- Leaunio_lienosus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
| | | +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii
|
| +----- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii
| |
| +--------------+ +-------- Potomida_littoralis
| | | +-----+
| | | | | +----- Pronodularia_japanensis
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| | |
| | | +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Pseudodon_mekongi
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri
| | +--+
| | | +----- Microcondylaea_bonellii
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
| +--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
|
| +----------------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati
| |
| | +-------- Scriptolamprotula_tortuosa
| | |
| | +--------+ +-- Scriptolamprotula_scripta
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_polysticta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_coreana
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_tientsinensis
| | +--------+
| | | | +-------- Unio_tumidus
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | | +----- Unio_nanus
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Unio_pictorum
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Unio_delphinus
| | |
| | | +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata
| | | |
| | | | +-- Nodularia_douglasiae
| | +--+ +-----+
| | | | +-- Nodularia_breviconcha
| | | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus
| +--+
| | +-- Cuneopsis_heudei
| +--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula
|
| +-------- Acuticosta_chinensis
| +--------------+
| | | +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
| | +--+
| | +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
+--+
| +-------- Cristaria_plicata
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Anemina_harlandi
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana
+--+ +--+
| +-- Sinanodonta_lucida
|
| +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea
| |
+--+ +-------------- Anodonta_anatina
| |
| | +----- Pyganodon_grandis
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
|
| +-------- Prolasmidonta_heterodon
+--+
| +----- Alasmidonta_varicosa
+--+
| +-- Platynaias_subviridis
+--+
+-- Platynaias_compressa
Cladogram Figure 3-ML
+----------------------------------------------- Neotrigonia_margaritacea
|
| +-------------------------------------------- Echyridella_menziesii
| |
--+ | +-- Anodontites_trapesialis
| | +--------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Mutela_dubia
| | |
| | | +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
+--+ | +-----------+
| | | +-- Gibbosula_crassa
| | +-----------------------+
| | | | +----------- Cumberlandia_monodonta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
| | +--+
| | +-- Margaritifera_dahurica
| |
| | +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus
| | +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Quadrula_quadrula
| | |
| | +-----+ +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | | | +-----------------------+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_complanata
| | | +--+
+--+ | | +----------------------- Amblema_plicata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | | +-----------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | +--+
| | | +----------- Leaunio_lienosus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
| | | +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii
|
| +----- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii
| |
| +--------------+ +-------- Potomida_littoralis
| | | +-----+
| | | | | +----- Pronodularia_japanensis
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| | |
| | | +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Pseudodon_mekongi
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri
| | +--+
| | | +----- Microcondylaea_bonellii
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
| +--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
|
| +----------------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati
| |
| | +-------- Scriptolamprotula_tortuosa
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Scriptolamprotula_scripta
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_polysticta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_coreana
| | | +--+
| | +-----+ +-- Scriptolamprotula_tientsinensis
| | | |
+--+ | | +-------- Unio_tumidus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +----- Unio_nanus
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Unio_pictorum
| | +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unio_delphinus
| | |
| | | +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Nodularia_douglasiae
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Nodularia_breviconcha
+--+ +--+
| | +-------- Tchangsinaia_piscicula
| +--+
| | +----- Cuneopsis_heudei
| +--+
| | +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis
| +--+
| +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus
|
| +-------- Acuticosta_chinensis
| +--------------+
| | | +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
| | +--+
| | +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
+--+
| +-------- Cristaria_plicata
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Anemina_harlandi
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana
+--+ +--+
| +-- Sinanodonta_lucida
|
| +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea
| |
+--+ +-------------- Anodonta_anatina
| |
| | +----- Pyganodon_grandis
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
|
| +-------- Prolasmidonta_heterodon
+--+
| +----- Alasmidonta_varicosa
+--+
| +-- Platynaias_subviridis
+--+
+-- Platynaias_compressa
Cladogram Figure 4
+-------------------------------------------- Neotrigonia_margaritacea
|
| +----------------------------------------- Echyridella_menziesii
| |
--+ | +-- Mutela_dubia
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | +-- Anodontites_trapesialis
| | |
| | | +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
+--+ | +-----------+
| | | +-- Gibbosula_crassa
| | +--------------------+
| | | | +----------- Cumberlandia_monodonta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus
| | | +--+
+--+ | | +----- Margaritifera_falcata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
| | +--+
| | +-- Margaritifera_dahurica
| |
| | +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula
| | |
| | +-----+ +----------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-------------------- Amblema_plicata
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +----------------- Popenaias_popeii
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Toxolasma_parvum
| | | |
| | | | +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | +--+ +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
| | | +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii
| |
+--+ +----- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii
| |
| +-----------+ +----- Potomida_littoralis
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Pseudodon_mekongi
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri
| | +--+
| | | +----- Microcondylaea_bonellii
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
| +--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
|
| +-------------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati
| |
| | +-------- Scriptolamprotula_tortuosa
| | |
| | +--------+ +-- Scriptolamprotula_scripta
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_polysticta
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_coreana
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_tientsinensis
| | +-----+
| | | | +-------- Unio_tumidus
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | | +----- Unio_nanus
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Unio_pictorum
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Unio_delphinus
| | |
| | | +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata
| | | |
| | | | +-- Nodularia_douglasiae
| | +--+ +-----+
| | | | +-- Nodularia_breviconcha
| | | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus
| +--+
| | +-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula
| +--+
| +-- Cuneopsis_heudei
|
| +-------- Acuticosta_chinensis
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
| | +--+
| | +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
+--+
| +-------- Cristaria_plicata
| +--------+
| | | +----- Anemina_harlandi
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana
+--+ +--+
| +-- Sinanodonta_lucida
|
| +-------------- Anodonta_cygnea
| |
+--+ +----------- Anodonta_anatina
| |
| | +----- Pyganodon_grandis
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
|
| +----- Prolasmidonta_heterodon
+--+
| +-- Platynaias_compressa
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta_varicosa
Cladogram Figure 6
+-- Neotrigonia_lamarckii
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Neotrigonia_margaritacea
|
| +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi
| +-----+
| | +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
| +--------------------------------+
| | | +----- Etheria_elliptica
--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Tamsiella_schroeteriana
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
| |
| | +----- Alathyria_jacksoni
| | +--------------------------------+
| | | | +-- Diplodon_suavidicus
| | | +--+
+--+ | +-- Castalia_ambigua
| |
| | +----------- Gibbosula_laosensis
| | |
| | | +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta
| | +-----------------------+ +-----+
| | | | | +-- Pseudunio_homsensis
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Margaritifera_laevis
| | | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Margaritifera_dahurica
| | +--+
| | +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
| |
| | +-------- Trapezidens_exolescens
| | +-----------+
| | | | +----- Lamellidens_savadiensis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lamellidens_ferrugineus
| | | +--+
| | +-----------+ +-- Lamellidens_generosus
| | | |
| | | | +----- Leoparreysia_olivacea
| | | | +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Leoparreysia_canefrii
| | | | | +--+
+--+ | +--+ +-- Leoparreysia_tavoyensis
| | |
| | | +-------------- Coelatura_aegyptiaca
| | +--+
| | | +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae
| | +--+
| | | +----- Scabies_crispata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Radiatula_mouhoti
| | +--+
| | +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
| |
| | +-------------------------- Acuticosta_chinensis
| | |
| | | +----- Scriptolamprotula_tortuosa
| | | +-----------+
| | | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_tientsinensis
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Scriptolamprotula_scripta
| | | +-----+
| | | | | +-- Unio_pictorum
+--+ +--+ | | +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Unio_tumidus
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +----------- Nodularia_douglasiae
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii
| | | | | +-----+
| | | | | | +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ | +----- Tchangsinaia_piscicula
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis
| | |
| | | +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| | | +--------------+
| | | | | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lepidodesma_languilati
| | | |
| | | | +-------- Anemina_harlandi
| | +--+ +-----+
| | | | | +----- Cristaria_plicata
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana
| | +--+ +--+
+--+ | +-- Sinanodonta_lucida
| |
| | +----------- Anodonta_cygnea
| | |
| +--+ +-- Lasmigona_costata
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Anodonta_anatina
| +--+
| | +----- Pseudanodonta_complanata
| +--+
| | +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| +--+
| +-- Strophitus_undulatus
|
| +-------- Physunio_modelli
| +--+
| | | +----- Lens_eximius
| | +--+
| | | +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni
| +--------------+ +--+
| | | +-- Yaukthwa_panhai
| | |
| | | +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
| | +--+
| | | +----- Ensidens_telus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ensidens_spiculus
| | +--+
| | +-- Ensidens_sagittarius
| |
+--+ +-- Quadrula_quadrula
| +--------+
| | +-- Elliptio_complanata
| +-----------+
| | | +-------- Obliquaria_reflexa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Potamilus_alatus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
| | +-- Truncilla_truncata
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii
| |
| | +-------- Pronodularia_japanensis
| | +--------+
+--+ | | +----- Potomida_littoralis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| |
| | +----- Indopseudodon_indawgyiensis
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Indopseudodon_salwenianus
| | +--+
| +-----+ +-- Indopseudodon_bogani
| | |
| | | +----- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus
| | +--+
| | +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens_brandtii
| +--+
| | | +----- Gonidea_angulata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Microcondylaea_bonellii
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi
|
| +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
| +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
+-----+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri
+--+
+-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis
