species Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817): synonymy

Anodonta fluviatilis ‘Gmelin’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Mytilus fluviatilis Gmelin, 1791)
‘Gmelin’ of Authors.
Bosc, 1801. Hist. Nat. Coquilles 3: 146.
Dillwyn, 1817. Descr. Cat. Rec. Shells 1: 316 [’Mytilus fluviatilis’].
Bosc, 1824. Hist. Nat. Coquilles 3: 143.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Pyganodon cataracta — Strayer & Jirka (1997)

Anodonta marginata Say, 1817

Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [13,] pl. 3, fig. 5.
Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [19,] pl. 3, fig. 5.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 53-54.

Anodonta marginata — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1914), R.I. Johnson (1952)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) marginata — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (s.s.) marginata — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
“Anodonta marginata” ** — F.C. Baker (1928)
Anodonta marginata marginata — Modell (1945)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Anodonta cataracta fragilis — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Anodonta cataracta marginata — Turgeon et al. (1988), ITIS (2012)
Pyganodon marginata — Williams et al. (1993)
Pyganodon lacustris — Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Pyganodon cataracta marginata — Watters et al. (2009)
Pyganodon cataracta — IUCN (2012)

Anodonta cataracta Say, 1817

Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [13,] pl. 3, fig. 4.
Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [19,] pl. 3, fig. 4.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 53.
TYPE MNHN_MPL_0036, [unknown].

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), ... Davis et al. (1981), Hoeh & Burch (1989), Rosenberg et al. (1994), Rosenberg et al. (1997), ITIS (2012)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927), Kat (1983)
Pyganodon cataracta — Modell (1945), Hoeh (1990), Williams et al. (1993), Hoeh et al. (1995), Strayer & Jirka (1997), ... Whelan et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), Perkins et al. (2025), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta cataracta — R.I. Johnson (1980), Kat (1983), Turgeon et al. (1988)
Pyganodon cataracta cataracta — Sayenko et al. (2005)

Anodonta (s.s.) atra Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 316.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 59.

Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969)
Anodonta implicata — Strayer & Jirka (1997)

Anodonta (s.s.) cuneata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 316.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 59.

Pyganodon cataracta — Strayer & Jirka (1997)

Mytilus marginatus Eaton, 1826

(reference to Anodonta marginata Say, 1817)
Eaton, 1826. Zool. Text-Book: 224.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)

Anodonta (Flexiplis?) digonota Rafinesque, 1831

Rafinesque, 1831. Continuation: 6. [nomen dubium]
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 82.

Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969)
Anodonta dignota [sic] — Burch (1975)

Anodonta teres Conrad, 1834

Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 47, pl. 7, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 264.

Anodonta teres — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) teres — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Pyganodon cataracta — Williams et al. (2008), IUCN (2012)

Anodonta excurvata De Kay, 1843

De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 202, pl. 17, fig. 233.

Anodonta implicata — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) implicata — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) implicata — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Pyganodon cataracta — Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008)

Anodonta virgulata Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 86.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 213 [35], pl. 33, fig, 282.
HOLOTYPE USNM_86593, Weldon, Roanoke R., N.C.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900), Burch (1975)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Pyganodon cataracta — Williams et al. (2008)

Anodonta dariensis Lea, 1858

Lea, 1858. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 10: 139.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 230 [48], pl. 28, fig. 99.
HOLOTYPE USNM_86600, Macon (Swift Creek), Georgia.

Anodonta dariensis — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) dariensis — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta-gibbosa — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta gibbosa — Clench & Turner (1956)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta gibbosa — Haas (1969)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Pyganodon cataracta — Williams et al. (2008), IUCN (2012)

Anodonta williamsii Lea, 1862

Lea, 1862. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 14: 169.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 27 [31], pl. 10, fig. 26.
HOLOTYPE USNM_86687, Potomac R., near Mt. Vernon, Va.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900), Burch (1975)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Pyganodon cataracta — Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008)

Anodonta tryonii Lea, 1862

Lea, 1862. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 14: 169.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 28 [32], pl. 10, fig. 27.
HOLOTYPE USNM_86572, Potomac R., near chain bridge, D.C.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900), Burch (1975)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Pyganodon cataracta — Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008)

Anodonta dolearis Lea, 1863

Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
LECTOTYPE ANSP_126522 (by R.I. Johnson, 1970: 357), Stewarts Mill Dam, Union Co., N.C.

Anodonta doliaris — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) doliaris — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Pyganodon cataracta — Williams et al. (2008), Bieler (2021)

Anodonta doliaris Lea, 1863

(error for Anodonta dolearis Lea, 1863)
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193 [as ‘dolearis’].
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 24 [28], pl. 8, fig. 23.
OBJECTIVE SYNONYM ANSP_126522, Stewarts Mill Dam, Union Co., N.C.

Anodonta doliaris — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) doliaris — Simpson (1914)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta — Frierson (1927)
Anodonta (Pyganodon) cataracta cataracta — Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970)
Anodonta cataracta — Burch (1975)
Pyganodon cataracta — Williams et al. (2008), IUCN (2012), Bieler (2021)

Anodonta parallela Hyde, in litt. of Authors

Hyde, in litt. of Authors.

Anodonta digonota Ferussac, 1835

(reference to Anodonta (Flexiplis?) digonota Rafinesque, 1831)
‘Rafinesque’ Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 25.

Anodonta cataracta — Simpson (1900)
Anodonta (Group of A. cataracta) cataracta — Simpson (1914)

Anodonta dignota Simpson, 1900

(error for Anodonta (Flexiplis?) digonota Rafinesque, 1831)
‘Rafinesque’ Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 631 [as by Férussac], 648.
‘Rafinesque’ Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 387 [as by Férussac], 437.

Anodonta digonata Campbell & Lydeard, 2012

(error for Anodonta (Flexiplis?) digonota Rafinesque, 1831)
‘Rafinesque’ Campbell & Lydeard, 2012. Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 31.