MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
Geography
Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Sun 12 April 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini
genus Epioblasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics
28 Recent valid species (29 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 28 (29 total)
analyzed in 38 cladograms in 26 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 2.21, median = 1)
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 14
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 4.29 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1
Pairwise Cladogram Clustering
The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Cladograms
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B
** Top Monophyly Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
+-------------- Lampsilis | | +-- Cambarunio +-----------+ --+ +-- Villosa | | +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 ** +--+ +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14
** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 627 | 88 | 26 | 6 |
+-------- Potamilus_inflatus
+--------+
| | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| +--+
+-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | |
| +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | |
| +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
| | | +--+
+--+ | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
+--+ | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
| | +-----------+ +--------+
| | | | | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | | +--+ +--+
| | | | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| | | |
+--+ | | +-------------- Venustaconcha
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Epioblasma_rangiana__2 **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Epioblasma_rangiana__1 **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
| | +--+
| | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
| |
+--+ +-- Mesonaias
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| |
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+-----------+
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
--+
| +----------- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_aureola **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 7 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
+----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | +----- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | --+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_aureola ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri ** | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +-- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 51 | 43 | 22 | 4 |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +----------------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +-----------------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +----------------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +--------------------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio
+--+ +--+
| +-- Ligumia
|
| +----------------- Venustaconcha
+--+
| +-------------- Obovaria
+--+
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--------+
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 52 | 43 | 22 | 4 |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+ |
| +-------------- Venustaconcha
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+--------+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
|
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 98 | 39 | 22 | 5 |
+----- Obliquaria
+-----------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +-------------- Leaunio
| |
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| +-------------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------+
--+ | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +--------+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
| | +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| +-----+
+--+ | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+-----+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | |
| | | +-- Lemiox
| +--+--+
| | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| |
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +-----+
+--+ | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
+----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1 | +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2 --+ | +-------- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
+-------- Lampsilis | | +-- Cambarunio +-----+ | +-- Villosa --+ | +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | | +----- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 98 | 39 | 22 | 3 |
+-------- Toxolasma
+-----------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +--------------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----------------------- Villosa
| | |
+--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | |
| | +--+ +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | | | +--------+
+--+ | | | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| | |
| | | +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
| +--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **
|
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+-----+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 10 | 8 | -- |
+----------- Ligumia | +----------- Truncilla | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--------+ --+ +-- Sagittunio | | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ | | +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** +--+ | +----- Ortmanniana | | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ +----- Leaunio | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 14 | 9 | -- |
+-------- Lemiox
+-----+
| | +----- Medionidus
| +--+
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
--+ +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
| | +--+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Cambarunio
| |
+--+----- Ligumia
|
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 10 | 8 | -- |
+-------------------- Truncilla | --+ +----------------- Ligumia | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Sagittunio | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola +--+ | +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | +--+ | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Leaunio
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma | | +-------- Obliquaria --+ | | | +----- Obovaria | | | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | | +----- Potamilus | | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +-- Ligumia +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_teres | | +-- Ellipsaria +--+ +-- Truncilla
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lampsilis --+ | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Glebula
+--------+
| +-- Cyrtonaias
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+ |
| +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis
| |
+--+-- Ligumia
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Pachynaias
|
+-- Mesonaias
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------------- Potamilus | | +-- Ellipsaria --+ +-----------+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_cardium | | | | +----- Ligumia | +-----+ +--+ | +-- Obovaria | +--+ | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** --+ +-- Lampsilis
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 6 | 6 | -- |
+----- Truncilla | +----- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-- Ortmanniana | | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Ligumia | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 10 | 10 | -- |
+----------------------- Cyrtonaias | --+ +-------------------- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +----------------- Ligumia | | +--+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Pachynaias | | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ +-----+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +-- Mesonaias | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Cyrtonaias --+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 104 | 10 | 7 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 10 | -- |
+----------------- Obliquaria | | +----- Potamilus --+ +--------+ | | | +-- Dromus | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lemiox | | +----------- Lampsilis_ovata | | +--+ +-------- Lampsilis_virescens | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis +--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 14 | 9 | -- |
+----------------------- Ellipsaria | --+ +-------------------- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------------- Obliquaria | | | | +-------------- Potamilus +--+ | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata | | +-----+ | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres | +--+ +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | | +-- Ortmanniana | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +----- Hamiota | | +-----+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+-- Cambarunio | +-- Ligumia
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+-------------- Obliquaria | +-------------- Truncilla --+ +-------------- Ptychobranchus | | +----------- Ligumia +--+ | +-------- Cambarunio +--+ | +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------- Truncilla | --+ +-- Lampsilis | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +----- Ligumia +--+ | +-- Obliquaria +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Medionidus | +--+ | | +-- Lemiox --+ +--------------+ | | | +-- Cyprogenia | | +--+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +-------- Potamilus | +--------+ | | | +----- Atlanticoncha | | +--+ | | | +-- Ellipsaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Hamiota | +-----------+ | | +-- Villosa | | +--+ +----------- Ligumia | | | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Obovaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | | +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 1 | -- |
+-------------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola --+ | | | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--------------+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata | | +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | +--------+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1 +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__6 | | +--+ +----- Lampsilis_cardium__5 | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__2 +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__3 | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__4
Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lampsilis --+ | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 10 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_alatus | +-------------- Potamilus_capax | +-------------- Glebula | | +-- Toxolasma +-----------+ --+ +-- Paetulunio | | +-- Dromus +-----------+ | +-- Lemiox | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata | +--------+ | | +-- Obliquaria +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_virescens | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis +--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+-- Paetulunio | --+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | +-- Venustaconcha
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Truncilla
| +--------------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-------------- Pachynaias
| |
+--+ +----------- Mesonaias
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 25 | 17 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | | +-------------- Potamilus | | | | +-- Ellipsaria | +-----------+ --+ | +-- Truncilla | | | | +----- Medionidus | +--------+ | | | +-- Lemiox | | +--+ +--+ +-- Dromus | | +----------- Cambarunio | | | +----------- Leaunio | | | +----------- Villosa | | | | +-- Sagittunio | +--------+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | +----- Venustaconcha +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | +-- Obovaria | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_hydiana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea
