MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
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Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Fri 13 February 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini
genus Epioblasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics
28 Recent valid species (29 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 28 (29 total)
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 25 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 2.14, median = 1)
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 13
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 4.23 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1
Pairwise Cladogram Clustering
The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Cladograms
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B
** Top Monophyly Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
+-------------- Lampsilis | | +-- Cambarunio +-----------+ --+ +-- Villosa | | +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 ** +--+ +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1
** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 51 | 43 | 22 | 4 |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +----------------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +-----------------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +----------------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +--------------------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio
+--+ +--+
| +-- Ligumia
|
| +----------------- Venustaconcha
+--+
| +-------------- Obovaria
+--+
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 7 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
+----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | +----- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | --+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_aureola ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri ** | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +-- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+-----------+
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
--+
| +----------- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_aureola **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--------+
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 52 | 43 | 22 | 4 |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+ |
| +-------------- Venustaconcha
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+--------+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
|
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 98 | 39 | 22 | 5 |
+----- Obliquaria
+-----------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +-------------- Leaunio
| |
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| +-------------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------+
--+ | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +--------+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
| | +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| +-----+
+--+ | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+-----+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | |
| | | +-- Lemiox
| +--+--+
| | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| |
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +-----+
+--+ | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
+-------- Lampsilis | | +-- Cambarunio +-----+ | +-- Villosa --+ | +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | | +----- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 ** | | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 98 | 39 | 22 | 3 |
+-------- Toxolasma
+-----------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +--------------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----------------------- Villosa
| | |
+--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | |
| | +--+ +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | | | +--------+
+--+ | | | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| | |
| | | +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
| +--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **
|
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+-----+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
+----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1 | +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2 --+ | +-------- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | | +--+ +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | | +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 ** | +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 10 | 8 | -- |
+-------------------- Truncilla | --+ +----------------- Ligumia | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Sagittunio | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola +--+ | +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** | +--+ | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Leaunio
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 14 | 9 | -- |
+-------- Lemiox
+-----+
| | +----- Medionidus
| +--+
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
--+ +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
| | +--+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Cambarunio
| |
+--+----- Ligumia
|
| +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 10 | 8 | -- |
+----------- Ligumia | +----------- Truncilla | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--------+ --+ +-- Sagittunio | | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+ | | +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** +--+ | +----- Ortmanniana | | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ +----- Leaunio | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 103 | 10 | 7 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 10 | 10 | -- |
+----------------------- Cyrtonaias | --+ +-------------------- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +----------------- Ligumia | | +--+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Pachynaias | | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ +-----+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +-- Mesonaias | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Glebula
+--------+
| +-- Cyrtonaias
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+ |
| +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis
| |
+--+-- Ligumia
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Pachynaias
|
+-- Mesonaias
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------------- Potamilus | | +-- Ellipsaria --+ +-----------+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_cardium | | | | +----- Ligumia | +-----+ +--+ | +-- Obovaria | +--+ | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 10 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_alatus | +-------------- Potamilus_capax | +-------------- Glebula | | +-- Toxolasma +-----------+ --+ +-- Paetulunio | | +-- Dromus +-----------+ | +-- Lemiox | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata | +--------+ | | +-- Obliquaria +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_virescens | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis +--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 10 | -- |
+----------------- Obliquaria | | +----- Potamilus --+ +--------+ | | | +-- Dromus | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lemiox | | +----------- Lampsilis_ovata | | +--+ +-------- Lampsilis_virescens | | +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis +--+ | +-- Obovaria_olivaria +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------- Truncilla | --+ +-- Lampsilis | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +----- Ligumia +--+ | +-- Obliquaria +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lampsilis --+ | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Cyrtonaias --+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 14 | 9 | -- |
+----------------------- Ellipsaria | --+ +-------------------- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------------- Obliquaria | | | | +-------------- Potamilus +--+ | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata | | +-----+ | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres | +--+ +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | | +-- Ortmanniana | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +----- Hamiota | | +-----+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | | +--+-- Cambarunio | +-- Ligumia
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 25 | 17 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | | +-------------- Potamilus | | | | +-- Ellipsaria | +-----------+ --+ | +-- Truncilla | | | | +----- Medionidus | +--------+ | | | +-- Lemiox | | +--+ +--+ +-- Dromus | | +----------- Cambarunio | | | +----------- Leaunio | | | +----------- Villosa | | | | +-- Sagittunio | +--------+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | +----- Venustaconcha +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--+ | +-- Obovaria | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_hydiana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+-------------- Obliquaria | +-------------- Truncilla --+ +-------------- Ptychobranchus | | +----------- Ligumia +--+ | +-------- Cambarunio +--+ | +----- Epioblasma_triquetra ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Truncilla
| +--------------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-------------- Pachynaias
| |
+--+ +----------- Mesonaias
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 6 | 6 | -- |
+----- Truncilla | +----- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-- Ortmanniana | | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Ligumia | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Medionidus | +--+ | | +-- Lemiox --+ +--------------+ | | | +-- Cyprogenia | | +--+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +-------- Potamilus | +--------+ | | | +----- Atlanticoncha | | +--+ | | | +-- Ellipsaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Hamiota | +-----------+ | | +-- Villosa | | +--+ +----------- Ligumia | | | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Obovaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | | +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 1 | -- |
+-------------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola --+ | | | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** | +--------------+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata | | +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | +--------+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1 +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__6 | | +--+ +----- Lampsilis_cardium__5 | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__2 +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium__3 | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__4
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+-- Paetulunio | --+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** | +-- Venustaconcha
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** --+ +-- Lampsilis
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lampsilis --+ | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma | | +-------- Obliquaria --+ | | | +----- Obovaria | | | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | | +----- Potamilus | | | | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +-- Ligumia +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_teres | | +-- Ellipsaria +--+ +-- Truncilla
