species Potamilus fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [‘Potamilus fragilis’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 295 [also as ‘Elliptio fragilis’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 22, 41.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20209, creeks, Kentucky.

Lampsilis fragilis — Vanatta (1915)
Lasmonos fragilis — Utterback (1916)
Paraptera fragilis — Ortmann (1918)
Leptodea fragilis — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Thiele (1934), ... Inoue et al. (2020), Klymus et al. (2020), Gasparini et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Hauck et al. (2023)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis — Frierson (1927)
Potamilus fragilis — Smith et al. (2020), Johnson & Smith (2020), Smith & Johnson (2020), FMCS (2021), Keogh et al. (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

Unio (Leptodea) fragilis var. fuscata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 295.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 41.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820; homonym of Unio (Elliptio) viridis var. fuscata Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio fragilis ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Swainson, 1823. Zool. Illustr. 3(1): pl. 171.
Deshayes, 1832. Enc. Méth. 2 (Deuxième partie): 587.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 55, pl. 30.
(reference to Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis — Frierson (1927)
Proptera gracilis — Haas (1969)

Unio gracilis Barnes, 1823

Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 274 [‘174’].

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) gracilis — Call (1900)
Proptera gracilis — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Haas (1969)
Paraptera gracilis — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis fragilis — Vanatta (1915)
Lasmonos fragilis — Utterback (1916)
Paraptera fragilis — Ortmann (1918)
Leptodea fragilis — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Burch (1975), Oesch (1984), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis — Frierson (1927)

Unio planus Barnes, 1823

Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 272, pl. 13, fig. 16.
(homonym of Unio planus Studer, 1820)

Lampsilis (Leptodea) leptodon — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) velum — Frierson (1927)
Proptera laevissima — Frierson (1927)
Leptodea fragilis — F.C. Baker (1928), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Proptera gracilis — Haas (1969)

Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, 1823

Swainson, 1823. Zool. Illustr. 3(1): pl. 171.

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis — Frierson (1927)
Leptodea fragilis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Mya plana Eaton, 1826

‘Barnes’ Eaton, 1826. Zool. Text-Book: 221.
(reference to Unio planus Barnes, 1823)

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Leptodea fragilis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lasmonos fragilis Rafinesque, 1831

Rafinesque, 1831. Continuation: 5.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 81.
(homonym of Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820)

Lasmonos fragilis — Utterback (1916)
Leptodea leptodon — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Haas (1969), Oesch (1984)
Leptodea fragilis — Davis & Fuller (1981), Howells et al. (1996), Lydeard et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio leptodea var. planus Jay, 1850

‘Barnes’ Jay, 1850. Cat. Rec. Shells: 61.
(reference to Unio planus Barnes, 1823)

Leptodea fragilis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis simpsoni Ferriss, 1900

Ferriss, 1900. Nautilus 14: 38, text fig.

Lampsilis (Proptera) simpsoni — Simpson (1914)
Lasmonos simpsoni — Utterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis-simpsoni — Frierson (1927)
Proptera gracilis — Haas (1969)
Leptodea fragilis — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis gracilis lacustris F.C. Baker, 1922

F.C. Baker, 1922. Nautilus 35(4): 131.
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 237, pl. 80, figs. 5-7; pl. 81, figs. 1-2.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio gracilis Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209186, L. Butte de Morts, Wisc.

Leptodea fragilis lacustris — F.C. Baker (1928)
Leptodea fragilis — R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Medionidus mcglameriae van der Schalie, 1939

van der Schalie, 1939. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. (407): 1, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE UMMZ_130460, Tombigbee River, Epes, Sumpter Co., Alabama.

Medionidus mcglameriae — Haas (1969), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1977), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), IUCN (2000), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012)
Medionidus macglameriae [sic] — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993)
Leptodea fragilis — Williams et al. (2008), Bogan (2010), Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Medionidus macglameriae ‘van der Schalie’ of Authors

‘van der Schalie’ of Authors.
Turgeon et al., 1988. Am. Fisher. Soc. Spec. Publ. (16): 31.
Williams et al., 1993. Fisheries 18(9): 13.
(error for Medionidus mcglameriae van der Schalie, 1939)

Medionidus mcglameriae — Turgeon et al. (1998)

Margarita (Unio) atratus Lea, 1836

‘Swain.’ Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 31.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 33.
(reference to Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, 1823)

Proptera gracilis — Haas (1969)

Unio plantus Williams et al., 2008

‘Barnes’ Williams et al., 2008. Freshw. Mussels AL and Mobile Basin: 419.
(error for Unio planus Barnes, 1823)