Publication Campbell & Lydeard (2026): cladograms

publication summary

Full Citation

Campbell, D.C. & C. Lydeard. 2026. Three decades of mussel mitochondria. Malacologia 68(1/2): 237-294. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.068.0109.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

Cladogram Figure 3_5

Cladomics cladogram Neotrigonia margaritacea Mutela dubia Chambardia rubens Anodontites trapesialis Monocondylaea parchappii Lamproscapha ensiformis Anodontites elongata Fossula fossiculifera Westralunio carteri Echyridella menziesii Diplodon suavidicus Castalia ambigua Prisodon obliquus Gibbosula rochechouartii Gibbosula crassa Gibbosula laosensis Cumberlandia monodonta Pseudunio marocanus Pseudunio auricularius Pseudunio homsensis Margaritifera dahurica Margaritifera margaritifera Margaritifera falcata Margaritifera laevis Margaritifera middendorffi Margaritifera hembeli Margaritifera marrianae Quadrula quadrula Uniomerus tetralasmus Elliptio complanata Pleurobema oviforme Amblema plicata Popenaias popeii Toxolasma parvum Potamilus leptodon Potamilus alatus Potamilus streckersoni Leaunio lienosus Ortmanniana ligamentina Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis siliquoidea Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa Chamberlainia somsakpanhai Sinohyriopsis schlegelii 2 Sinohyriopsis cumingii Sinohyriopsis schlegelii 1 Hyriopsis bialata Rectidens sumatrensis Lens contradens Physunio superbus Potomida acarnanica Potomida littoralis Potomida semirugata Lamprotula leaii Lamprotula caveata 2 Lamprotula cornuumlunae Lamprotula caveata 1 Pilsbryoconcha linguaeformis Pseudodon mekongi Inversidens rentianensis Microcondylaea bonellii Sinosolenaia carinata Sinosolenaia recognita Sinosolenaia iridinea Sinosolenaia oleivora Koreosolenaia sitgyensis Parvasolenaia rivularis Ptychorhynchus pfisteri Cosmopseudodon resupinatus Postolata guangxiensis Lamellidens jenkinsianus Lepidodesma languilati Lepidodesma aligera Lanceolaria Lanceolaria gladiola Acuticosta chinensis Cristaria plicata Anemina harlandi Sinanodonta lucida Sinanodonta woodiana Anodonta cygnea Anodonta exulcerata Anodonta anatina Brachyanodon nuttalliana Pseudanodonta complanata Pyganodon grandis Utterbackia imbecillis Utterbackia peninsularis Pterosyna complanata Prolasmidonta heterodon Alasmidonta varicosa Platynaias compressa Platynaias subviridis Scriptolamprotula tortuosa Scriptolamprotula scripta Scriptolamprotula coreana Scriptolamprotula tientsinensis Globunio mirificus Middendorffinaia mongolica Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio terminalis Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio tumidiformis Unio desectus Unio damascensis Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio carneus Unio nanus Tchangsinaia piscicula Cuneopsis rufescens Cuneopsis celtiformis Cuneopsis kiangsiensis Cuneopsis celtiosimilis Cuneopsis szechenyii Cuneopsis heudei Cuneopsis demangei Pseudocuneopsis capitata Pseudocuneopsis sichuanensis Pseudocuneopsis yemaoi Pseudocuneopsis wuana Pseudocuneopsis yangshuoensis Schistodesmus spinosus Schistodesmus lampreyanus Schistodesmus xinyuensis Nodularia breviconcha Nodularia fusiformans Nodularia nuxpersicae Nodularia douglasiae Nodularia dualobtusa

Cladogram Figure 4

Cladomics cladogram Neotrigonia margaritacea Echyridella menziesii Westralunio carteri Pseudunio marocanus Cumberlandia monodonta Margaritifera margaritifera Quadrula quadrula Potamilus alatus Potamilus streckersoni Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Ortmanniana ligamentina Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis siliquoidea Chamberlainia somsakpanhai Sinohyriopsis cumingii Hyriopsis bialata Rectidens sumatrensis Lens contradens Physunio superbus Pilsbryoconcha exilis Pseudodon mekongi Potomida littoralis Lamprotula caveata Lamprotula leaii Microcondylaea bonellii Parvasolenaia rivularis Sinosolenaia carinata Sinosolenaia oleivora Sinanodonta woodiana Anodonta anatina Pyganodon grandis Utterbackia peninsularis Lanceolaria lanceolata Scriptolamprotula tortuosa Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis capitata Pseudocuneopsis sichuanensis Nodularia douglasiae Tchangsinaia piscicula Cuneopsis celtiformis Cuneopsis heudei Schistodesmus spinosus Schistodesmus lampreyanus Schistodesmus xinyuensis

Cladogram Figure 6-14

Cladomics cladogram Neotrigonia lamarckii Neotrigonia margaritacea Mutela rostrata Mutela dubia Mutela hargeri Aspatharia pfeifferiana Aspatharia Chambardia wahlbergi 2 Chambardia rubens Chambardia wahlbergi 1 Etheria elliptica Anodontites trapesialis Mulleria rivoli Lamproscapha ensiformis Monocondylaea minuana Monocondylaea parchappii Tamsiella schroeteriana Tamsiella tamsiana Mycetopoda siliquosa Anodontites guanarensis Fossula fossiculifera Anodontites trigona Anodontites elongata Westralunio inbisi Westralunio carteri Guyanhyrida demeraraensis Triplodon corrugatus Prisodon obliquus Prisodon syrmatophorus Castalia ambigua 4 Callonaia duprei Castalia stevensi Castalia ambigua 3 Castalia ambigua 1 Castaliella quadrata Castalia ambigua 2 Castalia Hyridella depressa Hyridella drapeta Diplodon suavidicus Diplodon chilensis Diplodon gratus Cucumerunio novaehollandiae Hyridella australis Echyridella aucklandica Echyridella onekaka Echyridella menziesii Velesunio 1 Alathyria jacksoni 1 Velesunio ambiguus Alathyria profuga Velesunio 3 Microdontia anodontaeformis Lortiella rugata Velesunio angasi Alathyria pertexta 2 Velesunio 2 Alathyria jacksoni 2 Alathyria pertexta 1 Lamellidens savadiensis Lamellidens corrianus Lamellidens chindwinensis Lamellidens nongyangensis Lamellidens ferrugineus Lamellidens marginalis Lamellidens lamellatus Lamellidens jenkinsianus Lamellidens generosus Lamellidens mainwaringi Balwantia soleniformis Trapezidens mogaungensis Trapezidens exolescens Trapezidens scutum Trapezidens yeti Trapezidens angustior Trapezidens dolichorhynchus Leoparreysia burmana Leoparreysia whitteni Leoparreysia olivacea Leoparreysia canefrii Leoparreysia tavoyensis Pseudomulleria dalyi Pseudoscabies scobina Indonaia cylindrica Indonaia gratiosa Indonaia corbis Indonaia andersoniana Indonaia caerulea Indonaia subclathrata Indonaia shurtleffiana Indonaia bonneaudii Indonaia rugosa Indochinella pugio Radiatula kachinensis Radiatula chaudhurii Radiatula myitkyinae Radiatula crispisulcata Radiatula mouhoti Radiatula chindwinensis Radiatula myitthanensis Scabiellus songkramensis Unionetta fabagina 2 Harmandia somboriensis Unionetta fabagina 1 Scabies crispata Scabies nucleus Scabies mandarinus Scabies pilata Scabies humilis Scabies anceps Scabies scobinatus Scabies phaselus Assamnaia involuta Parreysia keralaensis Parreysia marcens Parreysia plagiosoma Parreysia rakhinensis Parreysia corrugata Parreysia nagpoorensis Nitia monceti 2 Nitia teretiuscula Nitia monceti 1 Grandidieria burtoni Pseudospatha tanganyicensis 2 Moncetia anceyi Pseudospatha tanganyicensis 1 Coelatura leopoldvillensis 2 Coelatura leopoldvillensis 1 Coelatura mesafricana Coelatura aegyptiaca 3 Coelatura hauttecoeuri 2 Nitia acuminata Coelatura aegyptiaca 2 Coelatura alluaudi 2 Coelatura hauttecoeuri 1 Coelatura stuhlmanni 2 Coelatura aegyptiaca 1 Coelatura stuhlmanni 1 Coelatura alluaudi 1 Coelatura bakeri 1 Coelatura bakeri 2 Coelatura horei 3 Coelatura ratidota Coelatura 2 Coelatura horei 1 Coelatura 1 Coelatura horei 2 Coelatura gabonensis Coelatura stanleyvillensis Coelatura kunenensis Nyassunio nyassaensis Coelatura hypsiprymna 2 Coelatura mossambicensis 1 Coelatura hypsiprymna 3 Coelatura mossambicensis 2 Coelatura luapulaensis 2 Coelatura choziensis 2 Coelatura hypsiprymna 1 Coelatura choziensis 1 Coelatura luapulaensis 1 Coelatura briarti Prisodontopsis aviculaeformis 1 Prisodontopsis mweruensis 1 Prisodontopsis aviculaeformis 2 Prisodontopsis aviculaeformis 3 Prisodontopsis mweruensis 2 Amuranodonta kijaensis Anemina harlandi Buldowskia suifunica Buldowskia flavotincta Buldowskia shadini Buldowskia iwakawai Buldowskia kamiyai Beringiana japonica Beringiana beringiana Beringiana fukuharai Beringiana gosannensis Pletholophus honglinhensis Pletholophus tenuis Pletholophus reinianus Pletholophus guangzhouensis Mimo guoliangi Acudonta baitiaoensis Sinanodonta angula Sinanodonta lucida Sinanodonta calipygos Sinanodonta tumens Sinanodonta schrenkii Sinanodonta woodiana Sinanodonta jourdyi Sinanodonta elliptica Sinanodonta lauta Sinanodonta pacifica Cristaria liboi Cristaria radiata Cristaria bellua Cristaria clessini Cristaria plicata Cristaria truncata Pseudodontoideus connasaugaensis Pseudodontoideus subvexus Lasmigona costata Pterosyna complanata Arcidens confragosus Arcidens wheeleri Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta complanata Brachyanodon oregonensis 2 Anodonta cygnea Anodonta seddonae Anodonta exulcerata Brachyanodon impura Brachyanodon Brachyanodon nuttalliana 1 Brachyanodon nuttalliana 2 Brachyanodon californiensis Brachyanodon oregonensis 1 Utterbackia peninsularis 2 Utterbackia imbecillis Utterbackia peninsularis 1 Pyganodon grandis Pyganodon lacustris Pyganodon cataracta 2 Pyganodon cataracta 1 Pyganodon fragilis Utterbackiana implicata Utterbackiana couperiana Utterbackiana heardi Utterbackiana hartfieldorum Utterbackiana suborbiculata Simpsonaias ambigua Alasminota etowaensis Alasminota holstonia Alasmidonta marginata Alasmidonta raveneliana Alasmidonta arcula Alasmidonta undulata Alasmidonta uwharriensis Alasmidonta varicosa Prolasmidonta heterodon Platynaias subviridis Platynaias compressa Platynaias decorata Anodontoides denigratus Anodontoides ferussacianus Strophitus undulatus 2 Strophitus howellsi Strophitus undulatus 1 Strophitus pascagoulaensis 2 Strophitus radiatus Strophitus pascagoulaensis 1 Strophitus williamsi Lepidodesma aligera Lepidodesma languilati Pseudoacuticosta retiaria 2 Acuticosta chinensis 2 Acuticosta chinensis 1 Pseudoacuticosta retiaria 1 Lanceolaria oxyrhyncha Lanceolaria gladiola Lanceolaria grayii Lanceolaria acrorrhyncha Lanceolaria kihirai Lanceolaria triformis Lanceolaria lanceolata Globunio mirificus Scriptolamprotula tortuosa Scriptolamprotula tientsinensis Scriptolamprotula fibrosa Scriptolamprotula scripta Scriptolamprotula coreana Middendorffinaia mongolica Unio tumidus Unio durieui Unio gibbus Unio tumidiformis Unio sesirmensis Unio desectus Unio damascensis Unio ionicus Unio carneus Unio nanus Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio ravoisieri Unio mancus Unio elongatulus Unio hueti Unio delicatus 2 Unio eucirrus Unio pictorum Unio caffer Unio terminalis Unio delicatus 1 Schistodesmus lampreyanus Schistodesmus spinosus Nodularia dorri 2 Nodularia dorri 1 Nodularia hanensis Nodularia micheloti Nodularia breviconcha Nodularia guiensis Nodularia nuxpersicae Nodularia fusiformans Nodularia huana Nodularia nipponensis Nodularia douglasiae Nodularia dualobtusa Tchangsinaia piscicula Inversiunio yanagawensis 2 Inversiunio reinianus Inversiunio verrucosus Inversiunio jokohamensis Inversiunio yanagawensis 1 Pseudocuneopsis capitata Pseudocuneopsis sichuanensis Pseudocuneopsis yemaoi Pseudocuneopsis wuana Pseudocuneopsis yangshuoensis Diaurora aurorea Diaurora laeve Cuneopsis rufescens Cuneopsis celtiformis Cuneopsis kiangsiensis Cuneopsis celtiosimilis Cuneopsis szechenyii Cuneopsis demangei 2 Cuneopsis demangei 1 Cuneopsis heudei Khairuloconcha lunbawangorum Khairuloconcha sahanae Ctenodesma bersinara Ctenodesma mawonae Ctenodesma borneensis Ensidens ingallsianus Ensidens telus Ensidens dugasti Ensidens sagittarius Ensidens jaculus Ensidens spiculus Hyriopsis delaportei Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens lauris Rectidens sumatrensis Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis kratiensis Hyriopsis phuphaniensis Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis sakhonensis Physunio modelli Physunio pellucidus Physunio massini Physunio superbus Physunio Trapezoideus mitanensis Trapezoideus lenya Trapezoideus foliaceus Trapezoideus thachiadensis Trapezoideus subviridis Yaukthwa baniensis Yaukthwa elongatula Yaukthwa dalliana Yaukthwa inlenensis Yaukthwa avaensis Yaukthwa paiensis Yaukthwa panhai Yaukthwa zayleymanensis Yaukthwa nesemanni Yaukthwa rectangularis Lens inornatus Lens misellus Lens contradens Lens micropterus Lens lugens Lens pallegoixi Lens comptus Lens novoselovi Lens maenamensis Lens eximius 2 Lens eximius 1 Lens rolfbrandti Pseudunio marocanus Pseudunio auricularius Pseudunio homsensis Gibbosula laosensis Gibbosula crassa Gibbosula rochechouartii Cumberlandia monodonta Margaritifera dahurica Margaritifera margaritifera Margaritifera falcata Margaritifera middendorffi Margaritifera laevis Margaritifera hembeli Margaritifera marrianae Parvasolenaia rivularis Pseudopostolata angula Koreosolenaia sitgyensis Cosmopseudodon resupinatus Guiunio rarus Ptychorhynchus pfisteri Obovalis omiensis Postolata guangxiensis Postolata longjiangensis Chamberlainia somsakpanhai Chamberlainia duclerci Chamberlainia hainesiana Sinohyriopsis schlegelii 2 Sinohyriopsis cumingii 2 Sinohyriopsis schlegelii 1 Sinohyriopsis cumingii 1 Sinohyriopsis cumingii 4 Sinohyriopsis cumingii 3 Sinohyriopsis schlegelii 3 Sinohyriopsis goliath Caudiculatus caudiculatus Pronodularia japanensis Potomida littoralis Potomida acarnanica Potomida semirugata Lamprotula caveata Lamprotula cornuumlunae Lamprotula leaii 2 Lamprotula leaii 1 Lamprotula seomjinensis Sinosolenaia carinata Inversidens brandtii Inversidens rentianensis Sinosolenaia recognita Sinosolenaia iridinea Sinosolenaia oleivora Gonidea angulata Microcondylaea bonellii Leguminaia anatolica Leguminaia wheatleyi Leguminaia saulcyi Leguminaia Indopseudodon kayinensis Indopseudodon indawgyiensis Indopseudodon bogani Indopseudodon crebristriatus Indopseudodon salwenianus Lannanaia kokensis Pilsbryoconcha exilis 2 Pilsbryoconcha exilis 1 Pilsbryoconcha schomburgki Pilsbryoconcha linguaeformis 2 Pilsbryoconcha linguaeformis 1 Pilsbryoconcha carinifera Pilsbryoconcha hoikaab Pilsbryoconcha mekongiana Pilsbryoconcha acuta Pilsbryoconcha kittitati Songkhlanaia tamodienica Songkhlanaia moreleti Songkhlanaia songkhramensis Nyeinchanconcha nyeinchani Sundadontina tumida 2 Sundadontina Sundadontina tanintharyiensis Sundadontina cumingii Sundadontina plugpomenica Sundadontina sulcata Sundadontina harmandi Sundadontina brandti Sundadontina taskaevi Sundadontina tumida 1 Pseudodon walpolei Pseudodon vagulus Pseudodon vondembuschianus Pseudodon mekongi Schepmania nieuwenhuisi Pseudodon lenyanensis 2 Pseudodon inoscularis Pseudodon lenyanensis 1 Isannaia fortunata Isannaia occultata Namkongnaia inkhavilayi Namkongnaia lemeslei Thaiconcha munelliptica Thaiconcha callifera Thaiconcha thaiensis Bineurus loeiensis Bineurus panhai Bineurus exilis Bineurus anodontinum Bineurus mouhotii Megalonaias nickliniana 2 Megalonaias nervosa Megalonaias nickliniana 1 Uniomerus carolinianus Uniomerus declivis 2 Uniomerus declivis 1 Uniomerus tetralasmus Theliderma johnsoni Theliderma metanevra Quadrula nobilis Quadrula verrucosa Theliderma cylindrica Quadrula fragosa Quadrula quadrula Pustulosa kieneriana Pustulosa infucata Pustulosa kleiniana Cyclonaias tuberculata Pustulosa pustulosa Pustulosa succissa Pustulosa nodulata Pustulosa necki Pustulosa petrina Elliptoideus sloatianus Parvaspina lanceolata Parvaspina steinstansana 2 Parvaspina collina Parvaspina steinstansana 1 Elliptio fisheriana Elliptio nasutidus Elliptio spinosa Elliptio dariensis 5 Elliptio arctata 3 Elliptio crassidens 4 Elliptio mcmichaeli 2 Elliptio crassidens 5 Elliptio roanokensis Elliptio complanata 2 Elliptio pullata 2 Elliptio icterina 3 Elliptio dariensis 4 Elliptio jayensis 2 Elliptio congaraea 2 Elliptio crassidens 3 Elliptio fumata 2 Elliptio mcmichaeli 1 Elliptio crassidens 2 Elliptio arca 2 Elliptio crassidens 1 Elliptio icterina 2 Elliptio dariensis 3 Elliptio dariensis 2 Elliptio mediocris Elliptio folliculata 2 Elliptio purpurella 2 Elliptio jayensis 1 Elliptio pullata 1 Elliptio arca 1 Elliptio arctata 2 Elliptio fumata 1 Elliptio arctata 1 Elliptio purpurella 1 Elliptio congaraea 1 Elliptio 1 Elliptio 2 Elliptio complanata 1 Elliptio hopetonensis 1 Elliptio dariensis 1 Elliptio producta Elliptio hopetonensis 2 Elliptio hopetonensis 3 Elliptio icterina 1 Elliptio shepardiana Elliptio angustata Elliptio folliculata 1 Eurynia dilatata Hemistena lata Plethobasus cyphyus Elliptio fraterna Pleurobema riddellii Plethobasus cooperianus Pleurobema sintoxia Pleurobema cordatum Fusconaia subrotunda Fusconaia cor Fusconaia cuneolus Fusconaia ozarkensis Fusconaia escambia 2 Fusconaia burkei Fusconaia escambia 1 Fusconaia masoni Fusconaia cerina 1 Fusconaia cerina 2 Fusconaia flava 2 Fusconaia askewi Fusconaia chunii Fusconaia flava 1 Fusconaia iheringi Fusconaia mitchelli Pleurobema plenum Pleurobema stabile Pleuronaia barnesiana Pleuronaia gibber Pleuronaia dolabelloides Pleurobema decisum Pleurobema hanleyianum Pleurobema pyriforme Pleurobema athearni Pleurobema georgianum Pleurobema clava 1 Pleurobema oviforme 1 Pleurobema clava 2 Pleurobema oviforme 2 Pleurobema beadleianum 2 Pleurobema rubellum Pleurobema strodeanum 2 Pleurobema beadleianum 1 Pleurobema taitianum Pleurobema strodeanum 1 Pleurobema perovatum Amblema neislerii Amblema elliottii Amblema plicata Nephronaias tempisquensis Psoronaias crocodilorum 4 Psoronaias guatemalensis Psoronaias crocodilorum 1 Psoronaias crocodilorum 2 Psoronaias crocodilorum 3 Reginaia rotulata Reginaia ebenus Cyrtonaias berlandierii Glebula rotundata Popenaias popeii Popenaias berezai Popenaias semirasa Paetulunio fabalis Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma lividum 2 Toxolasma cylindrellus Toxolasma lividum 1 Toxolasma texasiense 2 Toxolasma glans Toxolasma paulum Toxolasma texasiense 1 Toxolasma 4 Toxolasma granulatum Toxolasma 2 Toxolasma 3 Toxolasma pullus Toxolasma germanum Toxolasma 1 Obliquaria reflexa Plectomerus dombeyanus Potamilus inflatus Potamilus ohiensis Potamilus amphichaenus Potamilus streckersoni Potamilus fragilis 2 Potamilus leptodon Potamilus fragilis 1 Potamilus metnecktayi Potamilus alatus 3 Potamilus alatus 2 Potamilus purpuratus 2 Potamilus alatus 1 Potamilus purpuratus 1 Villosa villosa Atlanticoncha ochracea Cambarunio nebulosus Ligumia recta Leaunio umbrans Cambarunio taeniatus Cambarunio iris Cambarunio simus Hamiota australis Hamiota subangulata Hamiota altilis Hamiota perovalis 1 Hamiota perovalis 2 Pachynaias spheniopsis Sagittunio nasutus Sagittunio subrostratus Ellipsaria lineolata Potamilus capax Truncilla macrodon Truncilla truncata Truncilla cognata Truncilla donaciformis Medionidus acutissimus Lemiox rimosus Medionidus penicillatus Ptychobranchus fasciolaris Ptychobranchus greenii Cyprogenia aberti 2 Dromus dromas Cyprogenia stegaria 2 Cyprogenia aberti 1 Cyprogenia stegaria 1 Villosa delumbis Villosa vibex Obovaria olivaria Obovaria retusa Obovaria choctawensis Obovaria unicolor Obovaria subrotunda Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Venustaconcha pleasii Epioblasma brevidens Epioblasma triquetra Epioblasma rangiana 2 Epioblasma rangiana 1 Epioblasma capsaeformis Epioblasma walkeri Mesonaias explicata Obovaria arkansasensis Lampsilis splendida Lampsilis bracteata Lampsilis fasciola Ortmanniana pectorosa Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis ovata 2 Lampsilis dolabraeformis Lampsilis cardium 2 Lampsilis cardium 1 Lampsilis satura Lampsilis cariosa 2 Lampsilis ovata 1 Lampsilis cariosa 1 Ortmanniana ligamentina 2 Lampsilis abrupta Lampsilis higginsii 2 Ortmanniana ligamentina 1 Lampsilis higginsii 1 Medionidus conradicus Leaunio lienosus Leaunio vanuxemensis Lampsilis floridensis Lampsilis teres Lampsilis siliquoidea 1 Lampsilis siliquoidea 2 Lampsilis powellii 1 Lampsilis powellii 2 Lampsilis sietmani Lampsilis straminea 2 Lampsilis virescens Lampsilis hydiana 2 Lampsilis hydiana 1 Lampsilis bergmanni Lampsilis straminea 1