MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
Geography
Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Mon 2 March 2026
Publication R.I. Johnson (1978): summary
Full Citation
Johnson, R.I. 1978. Systematics and zoogeography of Plagiola (= Dysnomia = Epioblasma), an almost extinct genus of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from middle North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 148: 239-321. Available electronically.
Attributed Nominal Species
Unio sowerbyanus ‘Lea’ of Authors = Epioblasma haysiana
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 62.
Agassiz, 1852. Arch. Naturg. 18(1): 43.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 14, sp. 58.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 520.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 17.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 94.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 483.
Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 173.
R.I. Johnson, 1978. Bull. MCZ 148: 280.
Parmalee & Bogan, 1998. The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee: 91.
(error for Unio sowerbianus Lea, 1834)
Taxonomic Opinions
Plagiola (Epioblasma) flexuosa (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma flexuosa + Epioblasma rangiana + Epioblasma lewisii
+ Unio foliatus Hildreth, 1828
+ Epioblasma biloba Rafinesque, 1831
+ Truncilla lewisii Walker, 1910
Plagiola (Epioblasma) stewardsoni (Lea, 1852) = Epioblasma stewardsonii
Plagiola (Pilea) haysiana (Lea, 1834) = Epioblasma haysiana
+ Unio sowerbianus Lea, 1834
Plagiola (Pilea) obliquata (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma obliquata
+ Unio sulcatus Lea, 1829
+ Unio ridibundus Say, 1829
+ Unio perplexus Say, 1829
+ Unio flagellatus Say, 1830
+ Unio pectitus Conrad, 1854
+ Unio stewardsonii var. stewensoni de Gregorio, 1914
+ Unio propesulcatus de Gregorio, 1914
Plagiola (Pilea) personata (Say, 1829) = Epioblasma personata
+ Unio pileus Lea, 1831
+ Unio capillaris Lea, 1834
There are 59 species taxonomic opinions attributed to this publication.
Plagiola (s.s.) arcaeformis (Lea, 1831) = Epioblasma arcaeformis
+ Unio nexus Say, 1831
Plagiola (s.s.) interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 = Ptychobranchus fasciolaris + Epioblasma brevidens
+ Unio brevidens Lea, 1831
Plagiola (s.s.) lenior (Lea, 1840) = Epioblasma lenior
+ Unio lenis Lea, 1840
Plagiola (s.s.) penita (Conrad, 1834) = Epioblasma penita + Epioblasma metastriata + Epioblasma othcaloogensis
+ Unio metastriatus Conrad, 1838
+ Unio othcaloogensis Lea, 1857
+ Unio compactus Lea, 1859
+ Unio modicellus Lea, 1859
Plagiola (Torulosa) biemarginata (Lea, 1857) = Epioblasma biemarginata
Plagiola (Torulosa) capsaeformis (Lea, 1834) = Epioblasma capsaeformis
Plagiola (Torulosa) florentina (Lea, 1857) = Epioblasma florentina + Epioblasma walkeri + Epioblasma curtisii
+ Unio saccatus Küster, 1862
+ Unio sacculus Reeve, 1864
+ Truncilla walkeri Wilson & Clark, 1914
+ Truncilla curtisii Frierson & Utterback in Utterback, 1916
Plagiola (Torulosa) propinqua (Lea, 1857) = Epioblasma propinqua
Plagiola (Torulosa) sampsoni (Lea, 1862) = Epioblasma sampsonii
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma torulosa + Epioblasma perobliqua + Epioblasma rangiana + Epioblasma cincinnatiensis + Epioblasma gubernaculum
+ Amblema torulosa var. angulata Rafinesque, 1820
+ Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820
+ Unio perplexus Lea, 1831
+ Unio gibbosus var. perobliquus Conrad, 1836
+ Unio rangianus Lea, 1838
+ Unio cincinnatiensis Lea, 1840
+ Unio obliquus Potiez & Michaud, 1844
+ Unio phillipsii Reeve, 1864
+ Unio gubernaculum Reeve, 1865
+ Truncilla (Scalenaria) sulcata var. delicata Simpson, 1900
Plagiola (Torulosa) turgidula (Lea, 1858) = Epioblasma turgidula
+ Unio nux Küster, 1861
+ Unio deviatus Reeve, 1864
+ Truncilla lefevrei Utterback, 1916
Plagiola (Truncillopsis) triquetra (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma triquetra
+ Unio triangularis Barnes, 1823
+ Unio cuneatus Swainson, 1823
+ Unio formosus Lea, 1831
+ Unio triangularis var. pergibosus de Gregorio, 1914
+ Unio triangularis var. longiusculus de Gregorio, 1914
