Bivalvia | Unionida | Hyrioidea | Hyriidae | Hyriinae | Castaliini | Castalia
400 specimens + 1 Genbank voucher
Schumacher, 1817. Essai. Nouv. Syst.: 139.
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua ambigua — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 67, sp. 1.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MNHN-IM-2000-27235, Amérique du Sud.
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Castalia ambigua — Corsi (1900), F. Baker (1913), Vernhout (1914), Thiele (1934), Morretes (1949), ... Olivera-Hyde et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Wu et al. (2021), Breure et al. (2022), Torres et al. (2024)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua ambigua — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Mansur & Valer (1992), Ramírez et al. (2003), Martinez et al. (2004), Lasso et al. (2009)
Castalia inflata — Figueiras (1965)
‘Lamarck’ G.B. Sowerby, 1821. Genera of Shells 2: pl. 85, fig. 2.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)

Spix in Wagner, 1827. Test. Fluv. Brasil.: 32, pl. 25, fig. 3-4.
Type(s): SYNTYPE MNHN_MP_0117, Brazil [described from “Habitat in flumine S. Francisci in Provincia Minarum” [= Minas Gerais].
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Haas (1916)
Castalia ambigua — Corsi (1900), Simone (2006)
Tetraplodon pectinatus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia pectinata — Ortmann (1921), Morretes (1949), Haas (1969)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua pectinata — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua pectinata — Bonetto (1965)
Wood, 1828. Suppl. Index Testac.: 3 [as ‘Mya ambigua’].
Wood, 1828. Suppl. Index Testac.: 30, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Wood & Hanley, 1856. Index Testac.: 200, pl. 1, fig. 9.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)

d’Orbigny, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(61-62): 42.
d’Orbigny, 1846. Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale 5(3): 599, pl. 73.
Type(s): SYNTYPE SMF_4344, Rio San Miguel, Guarayos, Bolivia.
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia quadrilatera — F. Baker (1913), Haas (1931), Haas (1969), Quintana (1982)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
‘Lamarck’ Sowerby, 1839. Conch. Man.: fig. 140.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Tetraplodon retusus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon cordatus — Ihering (1910)

Hupé, 1857. [in] Castelnau, Anim. Nouv. Rares d’Amer. Sud: 77, pl. 14, fig. 3.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MNHN_MP_0162, Rio Mondego, (Bresil).
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)
Tetraplodon acuticosta — Ihering (1910)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterus — Simpson (1914)
Castalia acuticosta — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949), Bonetto (1961)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia quadrilatera — Haas (1969), Quintana (1982)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
Hupé, 1857. [in] Castelnau, Anim. Nouv. Rares d’Amer. Sud: 75, pl. 14, fig. 2.
Type(s): POSSIBLE SYNTYPE MNHN_MP_0294, Guyane.
Tetraplodon retusus — Simpson (1900), Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia retusa — Haas (1931), Haas (1969), Mansur (1991)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera retusa — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
Hupé, 1857. [in] Castelnau, Anim. Nouv. Rares d’Amer. Sud: 76, pl. 14, fig. 1.
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Tetraplodon turgidus — Ihering (1910)
Castalia turgida — Morretes (1949)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Haas (1969), Simone (2006)

Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 2, sp. 6.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE BMNH_1841-4-6-149, South Carolina.
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Tetraplodon retusus — Ihering (1910)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera retusa — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua — Haas (1969), Simone (2006)

Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 1, sp. 5.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE BMNH_1900-3-19-5, Hab._?
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Tetraplodon hanleyanus — Ihering (1910)
Castalia hanleyana — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Haas (1969), Simone (2006)
Strobel, 1874. Bibliotheca Malacologica 4: 75.
(misidentified reference to Castalia cordata Swainson, 1840)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Castalia ambigua — Haas (1969), Simone (2006)
‘Lamarck’ Ihering, 1890. Arch. Naturg. 56(1): 162.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Castalia pectinata — Ortmann (1921)
Ihering, 1893. Arch. Naturg. 59(1): 88 [as ‘küsteri’].
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera küsteri — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)

Ihering, 1910. Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 32: 127.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE SMF_3789, Amazonas.
Tetraplodon baro — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia baro — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949), Haas (1969)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera küsteri — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)

Ihering, 1904. Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 460 [as ‘T. ambiguus’].
Ihering, 1910. Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 32: 126.
Type(s): TYPE SMF_3790, Rio Juruá, Brasilien.
Tetraplodon juruanus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia juruana — Haas (1931), Morretes (1949)
Castalia juruanus — Haas (1932)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua crosseana — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Mansur & Valer (1992), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia quadrilatera — Haas (1969)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)

Olsson & Wurtz, 1951. Notulae Naturae (239): 6, text fig. 3-6.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) ANSP_187181, Rio Caqueta, above Tres Esquinas, Colombia.
Chevronais colombiana — Olsson & Wurtz (1951)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Ramírez et al. (2003)
Chevronaias [sic] colombiana — Haas (1969), Haas (1969)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
‘Hupé’ of Authors.
(misidentified reference to Hyria castelnaudii Hupé, 1857)

Marshall, in USNM coll. of Authors.
Type(s): MANUSCRIPT NAME USNM_362400, Lake Rogagua, Western Bolivia.
Schumacher, 1815. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. Kjobehhaven 1813-1815: 7. [nomen nudum]
Spix in Wagner, 1827. Test. Fluv. Brasil.: 32, pl. 25, fig. 3. [in part]
(reference to Tetraplodon pectinatus Spix in Wagner, 1827)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon pectinatus — Ihering (1910)
‘Lamarck’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 165, pl. 48, fig. 1.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Tetraplodon baro — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Haas (1916)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera küsteri — Modell (1950)
‘Hupé’ Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 3, sp. 12.
(error for Castalia acuticosta Hupé, 1857)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
‘Lamarck’ Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 1, sp. 1, figs. 1a-c.
(reference to Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Haas (1916)
Tetraplodon baro — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia baro — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931)
‘d’Orbigny’ Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 2, sp. 10.
(error for Castalia quadrilatera d’Orbigny, 1835)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)
Tetraplodon lateriquadratus — Ihering (1910)
Castalia lateriquadrata — Haas (1949)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia quadrilatera — Haas (1969), Quintana (1982)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Ramírez et al. (2003)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
‘d’Orbigny’ Sowerby, 1869. Conch. Icon. 17: index.
(error for Castalia lateriquadrata Sowerby, 1869)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterus — Simpson (1914)
Castalia latiquadrata — Haas (1931)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965)
‘Sowerby’ Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 535.
(error for Castalia lateriquadrata Sowerby, 1869)
‘Hupe’ Ramírez et al., 2003. Rev. Biol. Trop. 51: 273.
(error for Castalia acuticosta Hupé, 1857)
‘d’Orbigny’ Ramírez et al., 2003. Rev. Biol. Trop. 51: 273.
(error for Castalia quadrilatera d’Orbigny, 1835)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
‘auctt.’ Simone, 2006. Land. Freshw. Moll. Brazil.: 252.
(error for Castalia lateriquadrata Sowerby, 1869)
Castalia ambigua — Simone (2006)
Tetraplodon ambiguus — Simpson (1900), Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914), Haas (1916)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterum — Simpson (1900)
Tetraplodon retusus — Simpson (1900), Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Castalia ambigua — Corsi (1900), F. Baker (1913), Vernhout (1914), Thiele (1934), Morretes (1949), ... Olivera-Hyde et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Wu et al. (2021), Breure et al. (2022), Torres et al. (2024)
Tetraplodon lateriquadratus — Ihering (1910)
Tetraplodon pectinatus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon juruanus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon quadrilaterus — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon cordatus — Ihering (1910)
Tetraplodon turgidus — Ihering (1910)
Tetraplodon baro — Ihering (1910), Simpson (1914)
Tetraplodon hanleyanus — Ihering (1910)
Tetraplodon acuticosta — Ihering (1910)
Castalia quadrilatera — F. Baker (1913), Haas (1931), Haas (1969), Quintana (1982)
Castalia acuticosta — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949), Bonetto (1961)
Castalia hanleyana — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949)
Castalia baro — Ortmann (1921), Haas (1931), Morretes (1949), Haas (1969)
Castalia pectinata — Ortmann (1921), Morretes (1949), Haas (1969)
Castalia retusa — Haas (1931), Haas (1969), Mansur (1991)
Castalia latiquadrata — Haas (1931)
Castalia juruana — Haas (1931), Morretes (1949)
Castalia juruanus — Haas (1932)
Castalia turgida — Morretes (1949)
Castalia lateriquadrata — Haas (1949)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua ambigua — Modell (1950)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua crosseana — Modell (1950)
Castalia (s.s.) ambigua pectinata — Modell (1950)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera quadrilatera — Modell (1950)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera retusa — Modell (1950)
Castalia (s.s.) quadrilatera küsteri — Modell (1950)
Chevronais colombiana — Olsson & Wurtz (1951)
Castalia ambigua ambigua — Bonetto (1965), Mansur & Valer (1992), Ramírez et al. (2003), Martinez et al. (2004), Lasso et al. (2009)
Castalia ambigua pectinata — Bonetto (1965)
Castalia inflata — Figueiras (1965)
Chevronaias [sic] colombiana — Haas (1969), Haas (1969)