Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina

genus Buldowskia Moskvicheva, 1973: cladomics

5 Recent valid species (5 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5 (5 total)
analyzed in 26 cladograms in 16 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 6 (mean = 2.73, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 14
maximum number of included terminals = 6, (mean = 4.21 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Buldowskia cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Buldowskia cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 29 27 7 0 
  +-------------------------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                                            
  |                          +----- Beringiana                 
--+  +-----------------------+                                 
  |  |                       |  +-- Acudonta                   
  |  |                       +--+                              
  |  |                          +-- Sinanodonta                
  +--+                                                         
     |                       +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis
     |  +--------------------+                                 
     |  |                    |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis        
     |  |                    +--+                              
     +--+                       +-- Pletholophus_reinianus     
        |                                                      
        |  +----------------------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis 
        +--+                                                   
           |  +-------------------- Anemina                    
           +--+                                                
              |  +----------------- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                                             
                 |  +-------------- Buldowskia_suifunica **       
                 +--+                                          
                    |  +----------- Buldowskia_shadini **         
                    +--+                                       
                       |  +-------- Buldowskia_flavotincta **     
                       +--+                                    
                          |  +----- Buldowskia_kamiyai **         
                          +--+                                 
                             |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **        
                             +--+                              
                                +-- Buldowskia **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 29 28 8 1 
  +----------------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                                    
--+  +-------------------------- Beringiana            
  |  |                                                 
  |  |                    +----- Mimo                  
  +--+  +-----------------+                            
     |  |                 |  +-- Acudonta              
     |  |                 +--+                         
     +--+                    +-- Sinanodonta           
        |                                              
        |  +-------------------- Pletholophus          
        +--+                                           
           |  +----------------- Anemina               
           +--+                                        
              |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
              +--+                                     
                 |  +----------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
                 +--+                                  
                    |  +-------- Buldowskia_shadini **    
                    +--+                               
                       |  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                          +--+                         
                             +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 627 28 8 3 
  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
--+  +----------- Anemina               
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
     |  |                               
     +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
        |  +--+                         
        |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
           +--+                         
              +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 26 22 6 3 
           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 117 19 6 3 
  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |           +----- Pletholophus          
  +-----------+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Anemina               
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Amuranodonta          
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 26 22 6 3 
  +-------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                           
  |              +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Sinanodonta           
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------- Anemina               
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
           |  |                               
           +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
              |  +--+                         
              |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 23 22 7 3 
  +----------------------- Pletholophus          
  |                                              
  |                 +----- Beringiana            
--+  +--------------+                            
  |  |              |  +-- Mimo                  
  |  |              +--+                         
  +--+                 +-- Sinanodonta           
     |                                           
     |  +----------------- Cristaria             
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +-------------- Anemina               
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +----------- Amuranodonta          
           |  |                                  
           +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
              |  |                               
              +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
                 |  +--+                         
                 |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 2 5 26 22 6 2 
           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  |                            
           +--+----- Buldowskia_shadini **    
              |                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 29 25 6 3 
           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 6 4 3 5 
  +----------------- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+        +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
        |  +-----+                         
        |  |     +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 16 4 -- 
           +-- Beringiana         
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Sinanodonta        
--+                               
  |  +-------- Pletholophus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cristaria          
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 54 11 5 -- 
        +----- Cristaria           
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Beringiana          
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Sinanodonta         
  |                                
  |  +-------- Anemina             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Amuranodonta        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **
        +--+                       
           +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 10 4 -- 
           +-- Beringiana         
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Sinanodonta        
--+                               
  |  +-------- Pletholophus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cristaria          
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
        +--+                      
           +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 7 5 -- 
        +----- Cristaria           
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Beringiana          
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Sinanodonta         
  |                                
  |  +-------- Amuranodonta        
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anemina             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **
        +--+                       
           +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 64 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria         
  |                              
  |     +----- Amuranodonta      
--+  +--+                        
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina           
  |  |  +--+                     
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia_shadini **
  +--+                           
     |     +-- Beringiana        
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus      
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Acudonta          
        +--+                     
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria         
  |                              
  |     +----- Amuranodonta      
--+  +--+                        
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina           
  |  |  +--+                     
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia_shadini **
  +--+                           
     |     +-- Beringiana        
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus      
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Acudonta          
        +--+                     
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria         
  |                              
  |     +----- Amuranodonta      
--+  +--+                        
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina           
  |  |  +--+                     
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia_shadini **
  +--+                           
     |     +-- Beringiana        
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus      
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Acudonta          
        +--+                     
           +-- Sinanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                         
  +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 22 0 2 33 9 5 37 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma            
  |                             
  |  +-- Scriptolamprotula      
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 7 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria          
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
--+                            
  |  +----- Pletholophus       
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Sinanodonta        
     +--+                      
        +-- Beringiana

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                         
     +-- Sinanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                         
  +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 8 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria          
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
--+                            
  |  +----- Beringiana         
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus       
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **