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Data last updated
Mon 1 Dec 2025
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Publication Conrad (1836): summarypublication summary
Full CitationConrad, T.A. 1836. Monography of the Family Unionidae, or naiades of Lamarck, (fresh water bivalve shells) or North America, illustrated by figures drawn on stone from nature 1(6): 49-56, pls. 26-30. Available electronically.
Attributed Nominal Species
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Swainson, 1823. Zool. Illustr. 3(1): pl. 171.
Deshayes, 1832. Enc. Méth. 2 (Deuxième partie): 587.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 55, pl. 30.
(reference to Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 28.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 50, pl. 27, fig. 1.
 Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 41, figs. 41a-b.
(reference to Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 49, pl. 46.
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 253.
(reference to Unio (Elliptio) nigra Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Say, 1834. Amer. Conch. 6: ??.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 52, pl. 28.
(reference to Unio (Eurynia) teres Rafinesque, 1820)
Taxonomic OpinionsUnio alatus Say, 1817 = Potamilus alatus
+ Metaptera megaptera Rafinesque, 1820 Unio fragilis Rafinesque, 1820 = Potamilus fragilis
+ Unio gracilis Barnes, 1823
+ Unio fragilis Swainson, 1823 Unio gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1820) = Epioblasma torulosa
+ Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820
+ Unio perplexus Lea, 1831 Unio gibbosus var. perobliquus Conrad, 1836 = Epioblasma perobliqua Unio lapillus Say, 1831 = Paetulunio fabalis
+ Unio fabalis Lea, 1831 Unio niger Rafinesque, 1820 = Elliptio crassidens
+ Unio crassidens Lamarck, 1819
+ Unio cuneatus Barnes, 1823 Unio sageri Conrad, 1836 = Ligumia recta Unio teres Rafinesque, 1820 = Lampsilis teres
+ Unio anodontoides Lea, 1831
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