Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ACUTICOSTINI Starobogatov, 1967: cladomics

1 genus

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 2 (2 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 1
analyzed in 63 cladograms in 38 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.11, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 2 0 1 630 156 4 -- 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini               
  |                                              
  |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
  |  +--+                                        
--+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
  |  |  +--+                                     
  |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2 **     
  |  |     +--+                                  
  +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1 **     
     |        +--+                               
     |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
     |                                           
     |  +----------- Globunio                    
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Aculamprotulina             
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Middendorffinaiina          
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Unionina                    
              +--+                               
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 31 4 -- 
  +-------------- Anemina      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticosta **   
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 19 11 3 -- 
     +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Nodularia      
  |                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Acuticosta **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 63 61 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 15 8 3 -- 
  +----------- Unionina     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Globunionina 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 14 3 -- 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 14 3 -- 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticosta **     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 93 63 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticosta **   
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticosta **        
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 26 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontini     
  |                           
  |        +-- Acuticosta **     
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 16 3 -- 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  |                        
--+     +-- Acuticosta **     
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 42 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 46 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 33 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 32 4 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
--+-------- Unionini     
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
           +-- Anemina               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticosta **            
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------------- Globunionina   
  |                              
  |        +----- Aculamprotulina
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Unionina       
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Oxynaiina      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Acuticosta **     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 140 68 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 13 3 -- 
-- Acuticosta_chinensis **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 21 3 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **            
  |                               
--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                            
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                            
     +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                            
     |  +-- Anodontini            
     +--+                         
        +-- Unionini

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 7 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Acuticosta **     
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 197 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticosta **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 46 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 3 1 -- 
  +-- Acuticosta **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 70 4 -- 
  +----- Acuticosta **   
  |                   
  +----- Lepidodesmini
--+                   
  +----- Unionini     
  |                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 11 3 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 32 4 -- 
  +-------- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 16 2 -- 
        +-- Unionina       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticosta **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 46 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 21 3 -- 
  +----------- Acuticosta **            
  |                                  
--+        +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +-----+                         
  |  |     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Anodontini            
        +--+                         
           +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 46 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 43 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 33 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 35 4 -- 
           +----- Pletholophus 
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
  |        +--+                
  |           +-- Beringiana   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristaria    
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+--------+                
     |        +-- Anodontina   
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticosta **   
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 35 4 -- 
              +-- Anemina               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticosta **            
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 8 3 -- 
  +----------- Anodontini          
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticosta **          
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticosta **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesmini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 46 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticosta **   
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 13 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticosta **   
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 10 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Acuticosta **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 30 4 -- 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticosta **     
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 46 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 13 4 -- 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 25 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 15 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 20 3 -- 
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 68 32 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 21 4 -- 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta **             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 35 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 38 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 16 3 -- 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 20 4 -- 
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini