Bivalvia | Unionida | Hyrioidea | Hyriidae | Hyriinae

tribe CASTALIINI Morretes, 1949: cladomics

3 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 17 (17 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 3
analyzed in 39 cladograms in 25 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 1.41, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.26, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 6
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 3.67 median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.67, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 5
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 5 (mean = 3.8, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.8, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Castaliini cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Castaliini cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 2a_b

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 5 3 16 9 4 0 
  +-------------------- Rhipidodontini     
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Hyriini            
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Castalia_stevensi **  
     |  |                                  
     +--+           +-- Callonaia **          
        |  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
        +--+                               
           |  +-------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Castaliella **        
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Castalia_ambigua__3 **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 6 3 626 13 4 4 
  +----------------------- Rhipidodontini     
  |                                           
--+  +-------------------- Hyriini            
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +----------------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +-------------- Callonaia **          
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +----------- Castalia_stevensi **  
           |  |                               
           +--+  +-------- Castalia_ambigua__3 **
              |  |                            
              +--+     +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
                 |  +--+                      
                 |  |  +-- Castaliella **        
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Castalia **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 5 3 16 9 4 3 
  +----------------------- Rhipidodontini     
--+                                           
  |  +-------------------- Hyriini            
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
     +--+                                     
        |  +-------------- Callonaia **          
        +--+                                  
           |  +----------- Castalia_ambigua__3 **
           +--+                               
              |  +-------- Castalia_stevensi **  
              +--+                            
                 |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Castaliella **        
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **

Olivera-Hyde et al., 2020 [Publ 4249], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 6 
  +-- Callonaia **
--+            
  +-- Castalia **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 2 3 4 4 2 4 
  +-------------- Rhipidodontini     
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Hyriini            
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Callonaia **          
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
           +--+                      
              +-- Castaliella **

Santos-Neto et al., 2018 [Publ 3888], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 2 2 1 6 
  +----- Hyriini  
--+               
  |  +-- Callonaia **
  +--+            
     +-- Castalia **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 4 3 -- 
           +-- Rhipidodontini        
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Castalia **              
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Hyridella_australis__2
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Hyridella_australis__1
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Echyridella           
        +--+                         
           +-- Hyridella_depressa

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 6 4 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 4 3 -- 
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 2 2 -- 
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Castalia **   
  +--+              
     +-- Hyriini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 2 2 -- 
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriini    
  +--+              
     +-- Castalia **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 140 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Hyriini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 197 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Echyridella   
--+                          
  |  +-------- Hyridellini   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Rhipidodontini
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Castalia **      
        +--+                 
           +-- Hyriini

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 3 3 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 2 2 -- 
-- Castalia **

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 4 3 -- 
  +-- Echyridella
--+              
  +-- Castalia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Hyriini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 137 2 2 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 4 3 -- 
  +-- Echyridella
--+              
  +-- Castalia **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 2 2 -- 
  +----- Hyridellini   
--+                    
  |  +-- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 1 1 -- 
  +-- Rhipidodontini
--+                 
  +-- Castalia **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Hyridellini   
--+                       
  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Hyriini       
     +--+                 
        +-- Castalia **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Echyridella   
--+                          
  |  +-------- Hyridellini   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Rhipidodontini
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Castalia **      
        +--+                 
           +-- Hyriini

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 1 1 -- 
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 2 2 -- 
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Castalia **   
  +--+              
     +-- Hyriini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 137 2 2 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 -- 
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 2 2 -- 
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini