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Page last updated
Wed 1 October 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Hyrioidea | Hyriidae | Hyriinae

tribe CASTALIINI Morretes, 1949: cladomics
     3 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 17 (17 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 3
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.32, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.22, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 5
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 3.4 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.6, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 4
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 4 (mean = 3.5, median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.75, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 2a_b

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
445316940
  +-------------------- Rhipidodontini     
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Hyriini            
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Castalia_stevensi **  
     |  |                                  
     +--+           +-- Callonaia **          
        |  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
        +--+                               
           |  +-------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Castaliella **        
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Castalia_ambigua__3 **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
445316943
  +----------------------- Rhipidodontini     
--+                                           
  |  +-------------------- Hyriini            
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
     +--+                                     
        |  +-------------- Callonaia **          
        +--+                                  
           |  +----------- Castalia_ambigua__3 **
           +--+                               
              |  +-------- Castalia_stevensi **  
              +--+                            
                 |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Castaliella **        
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **

Santos-Neto et al., 2018 [Publ 3888], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33122216
  +----- Hyriini  
--+               
  |  +-- Callonaia **
  +--+            
     +-- Castalia **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33234424
  +-------------- Rhipidodontini     
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Hyriini            
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Callonaia **          
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
           +--+                      
              +-- Castaliella **

Olivera-Hyde et al., 2020 [Publ 4249], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33120006
  +-- Callonaia **
--+            
  +-- Castalia **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012922--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014033--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011622--
-- Castalia **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119864--
  +----------- Echyridella   
--+                          
  |  +-------- Hyridellini   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Rhipidodontini
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Castalia **      
        +--+                 
           +-- Hyriini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019011--
  +-- Rhipidodontini
--+                 
  +-- Castalia **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119864--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014653--
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113822--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013522--
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Castalia **   
  +--+              
     +-- Hyriini

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011963--
  +-------- Hyridellini   
--+                       
  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Hyriini       
     +--+                 
        +-- Castalia **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013522--
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Castalia **   
  +--+              
     +-- Hyriini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113822--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Castalia **      
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013922--
  +----- Hyridellini
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriini    
  +--+              
     +-- Castalia **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012922--
  +----- Rhipidodontini
--+                    
  |  +-- Hyriini       
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013322--
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019011--
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101843--
  +-- Echyridella
--+              
  +-- Castalia **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013543--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101743--
  +-- Echyridella
--+              
  +-- Castalia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014033--
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Hyriini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014553--
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011043--
           +-- Rhipidodontini        
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Castalia **              
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Hyridella_australis__2
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Hyridella_australis__1
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Echyridella           
        +--+                         
           +-- Hyridella_depressa

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014553--
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011722--
  +----- Hyridellini   
--+                    
  |  +-- Rhipidodontini
  +--+                 
     +-- Castalia **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014653--
  +-------- Echyridella   
--+                       
  |  +----- Hyridellini   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Castalia **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Rhipidodontini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +-- Castalia **      
--+                 
  +-- Rhipidodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119664--
  +----------- Echyridella   
--+                          
  |  +-------- Hyridellini   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Rhipidodontini
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Castalia **      
        +--+                 
           +-- Hyriini
 
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