Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family ETHERIIDAE Deshayes, 1832: cladomics

4 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 4
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.32, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.32, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.71 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.71, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.29

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 7
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 3 (mean = 2.71, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.71, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.29

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Etheriidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Etheriidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 37 34 3 44 7 2 0 
                 +-------- Iridinidae      
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Etheria **         
  |              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mulleria **        
--+                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria **  
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Unioninae       
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Rectidentini    
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Ambleminae      
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Gonideini       
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Pseudodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 200 9 2 -- 
           +-- Anodontites     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheria **         
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 44 7 2 36 
        +-- Mycetopodidae 
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Iridinidae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Etheria **       
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Mulleria **      
     +--+                 
        +-- Pseudomulleria **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 36 33 3 43 7 2 17 
                       +-- Etheria **         
                    +--+                   
                    |  +-- Mulleria **        
  +-----------------+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |                 +--+                   
--+                    +-- Iridinidae      
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria **  
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Pseudodontini   
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Rectidentini    
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Unioninae       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Gonideini       
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 10 8 3 43 7 2 32 
  +----------- Pseudomulleria **
--+                          
  |  +-------- Mulleria **      
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Etheria **       
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae 
        +--+                 
           +-- Iridinidae

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 28 21 3 31 5 2 33 
           +-------- Iridinidae      
  +--------+                         
  |        |  +----- Etheria **         
  |        +--+                      
  |           |  +-- Mulleria **        
--+           +--+                   
  |              +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria **  
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Anodontini      
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Gonideinae      
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Unionini        
              |                      
              |  +-- Margaritiferidae
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 7 0 2 34 7 2 35 
  +----------- Iridininae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Etheria **      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Aspathariinae
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mulleria **     
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 15 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridinidae   
  |                      
--+  +----- Anodontitinae
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Mycetopodinae
     |                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mulleria **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 4 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 2 2 -- 
  +----- Etheria **      
--+                   
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 198 9 2 -- 
           +-- Anodontites     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheria **         
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 138 3 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Etheria **   
--+             
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 4 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Mycetopodidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Etheria **   
--+             
  +-- Iridinidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 79 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Aspathariinae
--+                      
  |  +----- Etheria **      
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridininae   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 4 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Mycetopodidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Aspathariinae
--+                      
  |  +----- Etheria **      
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridininae   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 2 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae
  +--+                
     +-- Etheria **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
-- Etheria_elliptica **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 28 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 25 4 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Mycetopodidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridininae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheria **      
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 200 9 2 -- 
  +-------- Etheria **         
  |                         
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  |                         
--+     +-- Anodontites     
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Iridininae      
  |                         
  |  +----- Mycetopodinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
     +--+                   
        +-- Lamproscapha

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 138 3 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae
  +--+                
     +-- Etheria **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +----- Mycetopodidae
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheria **      
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae