The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
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Bivalvia | Unionoida superfamily ETHERIOIDEA Deshayes, 1832: cladomics
3 families Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to
provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic
work supports the classification used here. The Cladomics Summary provides an
overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this
taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently
asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on
the FARQ! Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 96 (111 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 3
analyzed in 73 cladograms in 41 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
10 (mean = 4.23, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) =
3 (mean = 2.3, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 62
maximum number of included terminals = 10, (mean =
4.81 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) =
3 (mean = 2.53, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.94 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 61
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 10 (mean = 4.82, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) =
3 (mean = 2.56, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.93
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup
distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics
FARQ for more information.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 74 | 73 | 3 | 0 | +----------------------------------- Hyrioidea
|
| +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+ |
| | +-------- Iridininae **
| | +--------------------+
+--+ | | +----- Aspathariinae **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Etheriidae **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Mycetopodidae **
|
| +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
| | +----------------------- Unioninae
+--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia
+--+
| +----- Gonidea
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea
+--+
+-- Leguminaia
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 189 | 187 | 2 | 6 | +----------------- Hyrioidea
|
--+ +-------------- Unionoidea
| |
| | +-- Anodontites **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Iridininae **
| |
+--+ +-- Etheriidae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodinae **
+--+
| +-- Monocondylaeinae **
+--+
+-- Lamproscapha **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 189 | 187 | 2 | 6 | +-- Hyrioidea
+--------+
| +-- Unionoidea
|
--+ +-------- Etheriidae **
| |
| +-------- Aspathariinae **
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontites **
+-----+
| +-- Iridininae **
|
| +----- Mycetopodinae **
+--+
| +-- Monocondylaeinae **
+--+
+-- Lamproscapha **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 37 | 36 | 2 | 12 | +----------- Unionoidea
--+
| +-------- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +----- Etheriidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 36 | 33 | 3 | 36 | 35 | 2 | 38 | +-------------------------- Hyrioidea
|
| +-- Etheria **
| +--+
--+ | +-- Mulleria **
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Mycetopodidae **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Iridinidae **
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +----------------- Pseudomulleria **
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 36 | 35 | 2 | 12 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini
| +--------+
--+ | | +-------- Contradentini
| | +--+
| | | +----- Unioninae
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Gonideini
| +--+
| +-- Ambleminae
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +----------- Pseudomulleria **
+--+
| +-------- Mulleria **
+--+
| +----- Etheria **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 37 | 34 | 3 | 37 | 36 | 2 | 38 | +-------------------------- Hyrioidea
|
| +-------- Iridinidae **
--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Etheria **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Mulleria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
|
| +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudomulleria **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 187 | 185 | 2 | 6 | +----------------- Hyrioidea
|
--+ +-------------- Unionoidea
| |
| | +-- Anodontites **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Iridininae **
| |
+--+ +-- Etheriidae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodinae **
+--+
| +-- Monocondylaeinae **
+--+
+-- Lamproscapha **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 27 | 26 | 2 | 11 | +----------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +-------- Etheria **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Mulleria **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 28 | 21 | 3 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 29 | +-------------------- Hyrioidea
|
| +-------- Iridinidae **
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Etheria **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Mulleria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------- Pseudomulleria **
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae
| |
+--+----- Unionini
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 34 | 33 | 2 | 9 | +-- Hyrioidea
+-----+
| +-- Unionoidea
--+
| +----- Iridininae **
+--+
| +-- Aspathariinae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 34 | 33 | 2 | 11 | +-- Hyrioidea
+-----+
| +-- Unionoidea
--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Iridininae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 22 | 20 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 7 | +-- Hyrioidea
+--------+
| +-- Unionoidea
--+
| +-------- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +----- Etheriidae **
+--+
| +-- Iridininae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 62 | 60 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 22 | 20 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 7 | +----------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------------- Unionidae
+--+
| +----------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +----- Etheriidae **
+--+
| +-- Iridininae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 62 | 60 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 62 | 60 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-------- Iridininae **
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 7.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini
|
| +-------------- Parreysiini
| |
+--+ +----------- Coelaturini
| |
+--+ +-------- Hyrioidea
| |
+--+ +----- Iridinidae **
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontitinae **
| |
+--+-- Mycetopodinae **
|
+-- Etheriidae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 8 | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 86 | 84 | 2 | 3 | +-- Hyrioidea
+-----+
| +-- Unionoidea
--+
| +----- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 8 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Unionidae
+--+
| +----- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 3 | +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| | +-- Iridininae **
| +--+
--+ +-- Mycetopodidae **
|
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Hyrioidea
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 3 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------- Unionidae
+--+
| +----- Aspathariinae **
+--+
| +-- Iridininae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 3 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 86 | 84 | 2 | 3 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 8 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Amblemini
| |
| +----------------- Parreysiinae
| |
| +----------------- Eurynia
--+ |
| +----------------- Fusconaia
| |
| +----------------- Gonideinae
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+----------------- Quadrulini
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana
+-----+
| | +-------- Glebula
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +-------------- Cyrtonaias
+--+
| +----------- Unionini
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 8 | +-------- Unionoidea
--+
| +----- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 116 | 114 | 2 | 5 | +-------------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------- Unionidae
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 8 | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 4 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 24 | 24 | 1 | 6 | +----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 135 | 133 | 2 | 2 | +-- Chamberlainia
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Hyrioidea
+--------------+
| | +----- Iridinidae **
--+ +--+
| | +-- Mycetopodidae **
| +--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +----- Gonideini
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 135 | 133 | 2 | 4 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Unionidae
+--+
| +-------- Hyrioidea
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 4 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 54 | 53 | 2 | 5 | +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| | +-- Etheriidae **
| +--+
--+ +-- Iridinidae **
|
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 5 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 16 | 2 | 3 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Etheriidae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 36 | 2 | 6 | +----------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +-------- Unionoidea
+--+
| +----- Etheriidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 54 | 53 | 2 | 5 | +-- Hyrioidea
+-----+
| +-- Unionoidea
--+
| +----- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 83 | 83 | 2 | -- | +-- Mycetopodidae **
+-----+
| +-- Iridinidae **
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 17 | 1 | -- | +----- Unionoidea
--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | -- | +----- Unionoidea
--+
| +-- Etheriidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 22 | 2 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 71 | 71 | 2 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 71 | 70 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | +-- Etheriidae **
|
--+-- Iridinidae **
|
+-- Hyrioidea
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 93 | 92 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 89 | 88 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 86 | 86 | 2 | -- | +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 47 | 46 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 40 | 39 | 2 | -- | +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 54 | 53 | 2 | -- | +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 71 | 70 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 93 | 92 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 22 | 2 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 89 | 88 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae **
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 66 | 65 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionoidea
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae **
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unionidae
+--+
+-- Hyrioidea
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 45 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unionidae
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Iridinidae **
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unionidae
+--+
+-- Hyrioidea
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Iridinidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 2 | -- | +----- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Unionidae
|
--+----- Hyrioidea
|
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 2 | -- | +----- Iridinidae **
--+
| +-- Hyrioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Hyrioidea
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
|
