Bivalvia | Unionida

superfamily HYRIOIDEA Swainson, 1840: cladomics

1 family

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 93 (124 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 1
analyzed in 105 cladograms in 55 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 28 (mean = 4.07, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 61
maximum number of included terminals = 28, (mean = 6.28 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Hyrioidea cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Hyrioidea cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 34 1 604 602 2 0 
                       +----------------------------- Iridininae                
                       |                                                        
  +--------------------+  +-------------------------- Aspathariinae             
  |                    |  |                                                     
  |                    +--+  +----------------------- Etheria                   
  |                       |  |                                                  
  |                       +--+  +-------------------- Anodontites_trapesialis   
  |                          |  |                                               
  |                          +--+  +----------------- Mulleria                  
  |                             |  |                                            
  |                             +--+  +-------------- Lamproscapha              
  |                                |  |                                         
  |                                +--+           +-- Monocondylaea             
  |                                   |  +--------+                             
  |                                   |  |        +-- Tamsiella                 
  |                                   +--+                                      
  |                                      |  +-------- Mycetopodinae             
--+                                      |  |                                   
  |                                      +--+     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis   
  |                                         |  +--+                             
  |                                         |  |  +-- Fossula                   
  |                                         +--+                                
  |                                            |  +-- Anodontites_trigona       
  |                                            +--+                             
  |                                               +-- Anodontites_elongata      
  |                                                                             
  |  +----------------------------------------------- Hyriidae **                  
  |  |                                                                          
  |  |                          +-------------------- Unioninae                 
  |  |                          |                                               
  |  |  +-----------------------+  +----------------- Lamellidens               
  |  |  |                       |  |                                            
  |  |  |                       +--+              +-- Balwantia                 
  +--+  |                          |  +-----------+                             
     |  |                          |  |           +-- Trapezidens               
     |  |                          +--+                                         
     |  |                             |  +----------- Leoparreysiini            
     |  |                             +--+                                      
     |  |                                |  +-------- Pseudomulleria            
     |  |                                +--+                                   
     +--+                                   |  +----- Indochinellini            
        |                                   +--+                                
        |                                      |  +-- Parreysiini               
        |                                      +--+                             
        |                                         +-- Coelaturini               
        |                                                                       
        |  +----------------------------------------- Rectidentini              
        |  |                                                                    
        |  |  +-------------------------------------- Margaritiferidae          
        |  |  |                                                                 
        +--+  |  +----------------------------------- Ambleminae                
           |  |  |                                                              
           |  |  |     +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina         
           |  |  |     |                                                        
           |  |  |     |                          +-- Lannanaia                 
           +--+  |  +--+  +-----------------------+                             
              |  |  |  |  |                       +-- Pilsbryoconcha            
              |  |  |  |  |                                                     
              |  |  |  +--+  +----------------------- Songkhlanaia              
              |  |  |     |  |                                                  
              |  |  |     |  |                    +-- Nyeinchanconcha           
              |  |  |     +--+  +-----------------+                             
              |  |  |        |  |                 +-- Sundadontina              
              +--+  |        |  |                                               
                 |  |        |  |                 +-- Isannaia                  
                 |  |        +--+              +--+                             
                 |  |           |              |  +-- Namkongnaia               
                 |  |           |  +-----------+                                
                 |  |           |  |           |  +-- Thaiconcha                
                 |  |           |  |           +--+                             
                 |  |           +--+              +-- Bineurus                  
                 |  |              |                                            
                 |  |              |  +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei        
                 |  |              |  |                                         
                 |  |              +--+  +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus         
                 |  |                 |  |                                      
                 |  |                 |  |     +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus
                 +--+                 +--+  +--+                                
                    |                    |  |  |  +-- Pseudodon_mekongi         
                    |                    |  |  +--+                             
                    |                    +--+     +-- Schepmaniini              
                    |                       |                                   
                    |                       |  +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2  
                    |                       +--+                                
                    |                          |  +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis     
                    |                          +--+                             
                    |                             +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1  
                    |                                                           
                    |           +-------------------- Chamberlainiini           
                    |           |                                               
                    |        +--+  +----------------- Parvasolenaia             
                    |        |  |  |                                            
                    |        |  +--+  +-------------- Pseudopostolata           
                    |        |     |  |                                         
                    |        |     +--+  +----------- Koreosolenaia             
                    |        |        |  |                                      
                    |        |        +--+        +-- Cosmopseudodon            
                    |        |           |  +-----+                             
                    |        |           |  |     +-- Guiunio                   
                    |        |           +--+                                   
                    +--------+              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus            
                             |              +--+                                
                             |                 |  +-- Obovalis                  
                             |                 +--+                             
                             |                    +-- Postolata                 
                             |                                                  
                             |                    +-- Caudiculatus              
                             |     +--------------+                             
                             |     |              +-- Lamprotulini              
                             |     |                                            
                             +-----+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata     
                                   |  |                                         
                                   |  |        +----- Gonidea                   
                                   +--+  +-----+                                
                                      |  |     |  +-- Microcondylaea            
                                      |  |     +--+                             
                                      +--+        +-- Leguminaia                
                                         |                                      
                                         |  +-------- Inversidens               
                                         +--+                                   
                                            |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita    
                                            +--+                                
                                               |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea     
                                               +--+                             
                                                  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 2a_b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 20 1 1 0 0 22.5 
1

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 21 1 1 0 0 25.5 
1

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 6 5 2 37 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionoidea 
  +--+              
     +-- Etherioidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 185 183 2 41 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 187 185 2 39 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 9 1 187 185 2 38 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 1 26 25 2 29 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 4 4 1 31.5 
     +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 38 37 2 32.5 
  +----- Unionoidea 
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Etherioidea

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 37 36 2 32.5 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                  
  |           +----- Margaritiferidae
--+  +--------+                      
  |  |        |  +-- Hyriidae **        
  |  |        +--+                   
  +--+           +-- Etherioidea     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Rectidentini    
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Unioninae       
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideini       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 21 18 2 38 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 130 128 2 38 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyriidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 21 18 2 38 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 38 37 2 32.5 
  +-------------------------- Hyriidae **        
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 37 36 2 32.5 
  +-------------------------- Hyriidae **        
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 130 128 2 38 
                       +-- Chamberlainia   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Etherioidea     
--+--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Hyriidae **        
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Unioninae       
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Rectidentini    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 9 1 1 1 1 35 
  +-- Unionoidea
--+             
  +-- Hyriidae **

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 1 1 1 37 
  +-- Unionoidea
--+             
  +-- Hyriidae **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 6 1 0 0 0 29 
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 5 5 1 36.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Unionidae       
  |                   
  +-- Hyriidae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 26 25 2 33.5 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 36 35 2 35 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 26 25 2 33 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyriidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 135 134 2 33 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 36 35 2 33 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Santos-Neto et al., 2018 [Publ 3888], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 31 
1

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 29 28 2 33 
  +-------------------- Hyriidae **        
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 26 25 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 2 1 26 25 2 36 
  +----- Unionoidea 
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Hyriidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 1 1 26 25 2 35 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Amblemini       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Eurynia         
--+  |                               
  |  +-------------- Fusconaia       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae      
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Pleurobema      
  |  |                               
  +--+-------------- Quadrulini      
     |                               
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana     
     +--+                            
     |  |  +-------- Glebula         
     |  +--+                         
     |     |  +----- Potamilus       
     |     +--+                      
     |        |  +-- Ligumia         
     |        +--+                   
     |           +-- Toxolasma       
     |                               
     |  +----------- Cyrtonaias      
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unionini        
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodontini      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Hyriidae **        
              +--+                   
                 +-- Etherioidea

Klunzinger et al., 2022 [Publ 4259], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 34 
1

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 13 12 2 34.5 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
  |     +-------- Unionini        
--+  +--+                         
  |  |  |  +----- Pleurobemini    
  |  |  +--+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini      
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Lampsilini      
     |                            
     |  +-------- Parreysiini     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Coelaturini     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Hyriidae **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Etherioidea

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 14 13 1 31.5 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 32 31 2 34 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 2 1 32 
  +-- Unionoidea
--+             
  +-- Hyriidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 32 31 2 34 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyriidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 36 35 2 34 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 10 2 33 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 10 2 35 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 25 23 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 12 9 1 34 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 31 29 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 12 9 1 34 
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 66 64 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 66 64 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 66 64 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 13 10 1 33 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 31 29 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 88 86 2 35 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 88 86 2 35 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Olivera-Hyde et al., 2020 [Publ 4249], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 33 
1

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 28 26 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 26 24 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 25 23 2 33 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 120 118 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 24 22 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 79 78 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 44 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 20 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 20 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 71 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 37 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 23 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 13 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 13 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 55 2 -- 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyriidae **        
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 10 1 -- 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 13 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 13 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 22 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 84 84 2 -- 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyriidae **        
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 71 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 17 1 -- 
  +----------- Cristariina    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyriidae **       
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 45 2 -- 
  +-------- Unionidae       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyriidae **        
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 89 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 -- 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 72 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 46 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 89 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +----- Unionidae       
  |                      
--+----- Hyriidae **        
  |                      
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 28 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 54 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 93 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 28 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 38 1 -- 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyriidae **        
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 93 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 66 2 -- 
  +----- Hyriidae **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Etherioidea
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 16 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 23 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 10 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 40 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyriidae **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 55 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 30 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Hyriidae **        
  |                   
  +-- Unionidae

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Etheriidae
  |             
--+-- Iridinidae
  |             
  +-- Hyriidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 9 1 -- 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 86 86 2 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea
--+                 
  |  +-- Hyriidae **   
  +--+              
     +-- Unionoidea

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Hyriidae **  
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea