Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family IRIDINIDAE Swainson, 1840: cladomics

2 subfamilies

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 39 (52 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 2
analyzed in 81 cladograms in 43 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 1.96, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.32, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 40
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 2.95 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.65, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.48

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 25
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 7 (mean = 3.44, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.16

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Iridinidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Iridinidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 2 43 6 2 **
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.867 3 9 7 2 33 6 2 8.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE GONIDEINAE AMBLEMINAE IRIDININAE Etheria ASPATHARIINAE Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.812 4 4 1 2 43 6 2 1.0
Cladomics cladogram Chambardia Aspatharia IRIDININAE Etheria Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 4 4 2 2 42 6 2 0.0
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.938 4 4 2 2 42 6 2 0.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudomulleria Mulleria Etheria MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 78 3 2 5.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 210 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 211 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 26 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 25 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 25 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.824 5 10 8 2 196 5 2 7.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE Anodontites IRIDININAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.824 5 10 8 2 194 5 2 7.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE Anodontites IRIDININAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.824 5 10 6 2 196 5 2 7.0
Cladomics cladogram HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE Anodontites IRIDININAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 31 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 31 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.667 7 20 19 2 626 14 2 17.0
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE Etheria Anodontites trapesialis Mulleria Lamproscapha Monocondylaea Tamsiella MYCETOPODINAE Anodontites guanarensis Fossula Anodontites trigona Anodontites elongata HYRIIDAE UNIONINAE Lamellidens Balwantia Trapezidens LEOPARREYSIINI Pseudomulleria INDOCHINELLINI PARREYSIINI COELATURINI Rectidentini MARGARITIFERIDAE AMBLEMINAE INDOPSEUDODONTINA Lannanaia Pilsbryoconcha Songkhlanaia Nyeinchanconcha Sundadontina Isannaia Namkongnaia Thaiconcha Bineurus Pseudodon walpolei Pseudodon vagulus Pseudodon vondembuschianus Pseudodon mekongi SCHEPMANIINI Pseudodon lenyanensis 2 Pseudodon inoscularis Pseudodon lenyanensis 1 CHAMBERLAINIINI Parvasolenaia Pseudopostolata Koreosolenaia Cosmopseudodon Guiunio Ptychorhynchus Obovalis Postolata Caudiculatus LAMPROTULINI Sinosolenaia carinata Gonidea Microcondylaea Leguminaia Inversidens Sinosolenaia recognita Sinosolenaia iridinea Sinosolenaia oleivora

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 3 5 3 2 33 2 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 3 5 3 2 33 2 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE HYRIIDAE

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.692 2 7 0 2 39 5 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.692 2 7 0 2 39 5 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.692 2 7 0 2 138 5 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 2 24 0 0 2.0
Cladomics cladogram UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 1 1 0 1 16 4 2 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE ANODONTITINAE MYCETOPODINAE ETHERIIDAE

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.846 2 2 0 1 32 6 2 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE Etheria Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 137 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 137 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 120 3 2 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 3 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 3 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 24 3 2 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.778 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE HYRIIDAE

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 41 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 67 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 86 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 84 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE UNIONINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE AMBLEMINAE

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE AMBLEMINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONINAE

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram IRIDININAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 27

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 29

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 30

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 31

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 97 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram MARGARITIFERIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE HYRIIDAE UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram HYRIIDAE IRIDININAE