Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family MYCETOPODIDAE Gray, 1840: cladomics

4 subfamilies

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 53 (55 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 4
analyzed in 58 cladograms in 32 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 2, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 1.64, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 34
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 2.71 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 2.09, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.88

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 34
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 5 (mean = 2.71, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 2.09, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.88

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Mycetopodidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Mycetopodidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 10 8 3 197 6 2 0 
           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheriidae      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 44 7 2 11 
  +-------- Etheriidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridinidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 36 2 1 9 
  +----------------- Aspathariinae
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Iridininae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Anodontites **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Monocondylaea **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lamproscapha ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tamsiella **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Fossula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 36 2 1 9 
  +----------------- Iridininae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Aspathariinae
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Anodontites **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Monocondylaea **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lamproscapha ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tamsiella **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Fossula **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 32 5 2 12 
  +-------------- Iridininae      
--+                               
  |  +----------- Etheria         
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mulleria        
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodontitinae **   
           +--+                   
              +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 10 8 3 195 6 2 0 
           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheriidae      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 10 6 3 197 6 2 4 
  +-------- Etheriidae      
  |                         
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  |                         
--+     +-- Anodontites **     
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Iridininae      
  |                         
  |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Lamproscapha **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 11 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 44 7 2 11 
  +----------- Iridinidae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheria         
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mulleria        
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 11 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 28 2 1 11 
  +----- Iridinidae             
  |                             
--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis **
  |  |                          
  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona **    
     |                          
     +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 43 7 2 11 
  +-------- Etheriidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridinidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 11 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 43 7 2 11 
  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
--+                               
  |  +----------- Mulleria        
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Etheria         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Iridinidae      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodontitinae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 11 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 31 5 2 11 
  +----------- Iridinidae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheria         
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mulleria        
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 120 3 2 -- 
     +-- Anodontitinae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodinae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheriidae   
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 89 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodontitinae **   
        +--+                   
           +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 78 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodinae **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 2 15 3 2 10.5 
  +----- Iridinidae   
  |                   
--+  +-- Anodontitinae **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Mycetopodinae **
     |                
     +-- Etheriidae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 32 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 66 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 13 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Aspathariinae   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Iridininae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridininae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 89 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 66 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 13 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Aspathariinae   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Iridininae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 32 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 66 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridininae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 27 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 24 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 1 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 2 2 -- 
  +----- Etheriidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontitinae **
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 138 3 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 1 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 2 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Etheriidae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 138 3 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Etheriidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 68 1 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **