MUSSELp

MUSSELpdb

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Unionidae

Margaritiferidae

Hyriidae

Etheriidae

Mycetopodidae

Iridinidae


Species & Genus Richness by
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North America

Central America

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Species Richness & Endemism by
Geography

Data last updated
Thu 18 Dec 2025

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae

tribe RECTIDENTINI Modell, 1942: cladomics

5 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 21 (21 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 5
analyzed in 60 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 15 (mean = 5.28, median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.47, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 57
maximum number of included terminals = 15, (mean = 5.51 median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.54, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 53
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 15 (mean = 5.45, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.58, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.94


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Rectidentini cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Rectidentini cladogram distances
NJ Tree


Cladograms

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 41 30 8 0
     +----------- Ctenodesmini 
  +--+                         
  |  |  +-------- Contradentini
  |  +--+                      
  |     |  +----- Ensidens **     
  |     +--+                   
  |        |  +-- Rectidens **    
--+        +--+                
  |           +-- Hyriopsis **    
  |                            
  |           +-- Schepmaniini 
  |     +-----+                
  |     |     +-- Pseudodontini
  +-----+                      
        |  +----- Caudiculatus 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini 
           +--+                
              +-- Gonideini    

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 14 3 67 53 4 16
  +-------------------------------- Pseudodontini          
  |                                                        
--+                             +-- Gonideini              
  |  +--------------------------+                          
  |  |                          +-- Lamprotulini           
  +--+                                                     
     |  +-------------------------- Contradentini          
     |  |                                                  
     +--+  +----------------------- Ensidens **               
        |  |                                               
        +--+                    +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **    
           |  +-----------------+                          
           |  |                 +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei **   
           +--+                                            
              |  +----------------- Rectidens **              
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +-------------- Hyriopsis_panhai **       
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_myersiana **    
                    |  |                                   
                    +--+        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **  
                       |  +-----+                          
                       |  |     +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **      
                       +--+                                
                          |  +----- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis **  
                          +--+                             
                             |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis **
                             +--+                          
                                +-- Hyriopsis_kratiensis **   

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 16 16 2 12
  +----------- Lamprotulini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Contradentini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Ensidens **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Rectidens **    
        +--+                
           +-- Hyriopsis **    

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 106 60 5 11
     +----------------- Contradentini            
     |                                           
  +--+  +-------------- Ensidens **                 
  |  |  |                                        
  |  +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **      
  |     |  |                                     
  |     +--+  +-------- Rectidens **                
  |        |  |                                  
  |        +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **    
  |           |  +--+                            
  |           |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **        
  |           +--+                               
  |              |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **      
--+              +--+                            
  |                 +-- Hyriopsis_panhai **         
  |                                              
  |              +----- Pseudodontini            
  |              |                               
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea    
  |              |  |                            
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1
  |              |  |                            
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata    
  |              |  |                            
  |              |  +-- Leguminaia               
  +--------------+  |                            
                 |  +-- Microcondylaea           
                 |  |                            
                 |  +-- Gonidea                  
                 |  |                            
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
                 |  |                            
                 |  +-- Parvasolenaia            
                 |  |                            
                 +--+-- Lamprotula_leaii         
                    |                            
                    +-- Lamprotula               
                    |                            
                    +-- Lamprotula_caveata       
                    |                            
                    +-- Potomida                 
                    |                            
                    +-- Pronodularia             
                    |                            
                    +-- Sinohyriopsis            
                    |                            
                    +-- Chamberlainia            
                    |                            
                    +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2
                    |                            
                    +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora    

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 0 3 22 22 2 12
  +-------- Pseudodontini        
  |                              
  |  +----- Contradentini        
  |  |                           
--+  |  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |  |  |                        
  |  |  +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |  |  |                        
  |  |  +-- Ensidens_dugasti **     
  +--+  |                        
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
     |  |                        
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
     |  |                        
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
     |  |                        
     +--+-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
        |                        
        +-- Rectidens **            
        |                        
        +-- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
        |                        
        +-- Ensidens_jaculus__1 **  
        |                        
        +-- Ensidens_jaculus__2 **  
        |                        
        +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
        |                        
        +-- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 100 60 5 11
                 +-------- Pseudodontini        
  +--------------+                              
  |              |  +----- Gonideini            
  |              +--+                           
  |                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini      
--+                 +--+                        
  |                    +-- Lamprotulini         
  |                                             
  |  +-------------------- Contradentini        
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------------- Ensidens **             
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Rectidens **            
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 3 41 27 2 9
  +----------------- Contradentini        
  |                                       
--+  +-------------- Ensidens **             
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
     |  |                                 
     +--+----------- Rectidens **            
        |                                 
        |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
              +--+                        
                 +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 3 128 38 5 11
  +----------- Contradentini        
  |                                 
  |        +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
--+        |                        
  |  +-----+-- Rectidens **            
  |  |     |                        
  |  |     +-- Ensidens **             
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
     |  |                           
     +--+----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
        |                           
        |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 188 44 5 10
  +----------------- Contradentini        
  |                                       
--+  +-------------- Ensidens **             
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------- Rectidens **            
        |  |                              
        +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
           |  +--+                        
           |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
              +--+                        
                 +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 6 3 190 45 5 11
  +-------- Contradentini        
  |                              
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
--+  |                           
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
     +--+                        
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
     |                           
     |  +-- Rectidens **            
     +--+                        
        +-- Ensidens **             

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 5 3 190 45 5 10
  +-------- Contradentini        
  |                              
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
--+  |                           
  |  +----- Rectidens **            
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Ensidens **             
     |                           
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
     |  |                        
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
     +--+                        
        +-- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
        |                        
        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 3 114 40 5 9
  +-------------- Contradentini        
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Ensidens **             
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Rectidens **            
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
        |  |                           
        +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
           |  |                        
           +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
              |                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 10 10 1 11
  +-------------------- Contradentini          
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Ensidens **               
  |  |                                         
  |  |              +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **    
  +--+  +-----------+                          
     |  |           +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei **   
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +----------- Rectidens **              
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana **    
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **      
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai **       
              |                                
              |  +----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **  
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis **  

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 3 20 20 6 9
  +----------------------------- Chamberlainiini      
  |                                                   
--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini         
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +----------------------- Gonideini            
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +-------------------- Pseudodontini        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +----------------- Contradentini        
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +-------------- Ctenodesmini         
              |  |                                    
              +--+  +----------- Ensidens **             
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
                    |  |                              
                    |  +-------- Rectidens **            
                    +--+                              
                       |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
                       |  |                           
                       +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
                          |  |                        
                          +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
                             |                        
                             +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 128 38 5 10
  +----------------- Contradentini        
  |                                       
--+  +-------------- Ensidens **             
  |  |                                    
  +--+           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **    
     |  +--------+                        
     |  |        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai **     
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Rectidens **            
              +--+                        
                 +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 6 2 1 1 1 9
  +----- Ctenodesmini
--+                  
  |  +-- Rectidens **   
  +--+               
     +-- Hyriopsis **   

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 8 2 0 0 0 11
  +-- Hyriopsis **
--+            
  +-- Ensidens ** 

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 0 2 75 27 4 9
  +----- Contradentini        
  |                           
  |  +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |  |                        
--+  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  
     |                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
     |                        
     +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
     |                        
     +-- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 8
  +-- Rectidens **
--+            
  +-- Ensidens ** 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 2 3 73 20 5 8
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **  
  |                           
  +----- Rectidens **            
--+                           
  +----- Ensidens **             
  |                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana **  

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 2 0 0 0 5
  +-- Rectidens **
--+            
  +-- Hyriopsis **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 87 25 5 5
  +----- Contradentini
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyriopsis **    
  +--+                
     +-- Ensidens **     

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 33 31 7 3
                       +-- Schepmaniini       
  +--------------------+                      
  |                    +-- Pseudodontini      
--+                                           
  |  +-------------------- Gonideini          
  |  |                                        
  +--+                 +-- Chamberlainiini    
     |  +--------------+                      
     |  |              +-- Lamprotulini       
     +--+                                     
        |  +-------------- Ctenodesmini       
        +--+                                  
           |  +----------- Contradentini      
           +--+                               
              |  +-------- Ensidens **           
              +--+                            
                 |  +----- Hyriopsis_bialata **  
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Rectidens **          

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 13 11 3 33 31 7 14
  +----------------------------- Schepmaniini       
  |                                                 
  |  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini      
--+  |                                              
  |  |              +----------- Hyriopsis_bialata **  
  |  |              |                               
  |  |  +-----------+        +-- Rectidens **          
  +--+  |           |  +-----+                      
     |  |           |  |     +-- Ctenodesmini       
     |  |           +--+                            
     |  |              |  +----- Ensidens **           
     |  |              +--+                         
     +--+                 |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **
        |                 +--+                      
        |                    +-- Contradentini      
        |                                           
        |  +-------------------- Inversidens        
        |  |                                        
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula         
        +--+  +-----------+                         
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini    
           |  |           +--+                      
           +--+              +-- Potomida           
              |                                     
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia       
              |  |                                  
              +--+           +-- Gonidea            
                 |  +--------+                      
                 |  |        +-- Microcondylaea     
                 +--+                               
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia      
                    +--+                            
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia      
                       +--+                         
                          |  +-- Postolata          
                          +--+                      
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus     

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 87 25 5 5
  +----- Contradentini
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyriopsis **    
  +--+                
     +-- Ensidens **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 33 31 7 1
  +----------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                                 
  |              +-- Schepmaniini   
  |           +--+                  
--+           |  +-- Pseudodontini  
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  |        +--+                  
  +--+           +-- Gonideini      
     |                              
     |  +----------- Ctenodesmini   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Contradentini  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Ensidens **       
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Rectidens **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Hyriopsis **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 34 32 7 1
  +----------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Lamprotulini   
--+  +-----+                        
  |  |     |  +----- Gonideini      
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Schepmaniini   
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Pseudodontini  
     |                              
     |  +----------- Ctenodesmini   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Contradentini  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Ensidens **       
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Rectidens **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Hyriopsis **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 13 3 3 33 31 7 12
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__1
  |                                                        
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__2
  |                                                        
  |  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini             
--+  |                                                     
  |  |                       +-- Ensidens **                  
  |  |                       |                             
  |  |                       +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **       
  |  |                       |                             
  +--+                       +-- Rectidens **                 
     |  +--------------------+                             
     |  |                    +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **         
     |  |                    |                             
     |  |                    +-- Ctenodesmini              
     |  |                    |                             
     +--+                    +-- Contradentini             
        |                                                  
        |  +-------------------- Inversidens               
        |  |                                               
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula                
        +--+  +-----------+                                
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini           
           |  |           +--+                             
           +--+              +-- Potomida                  
              |                                            
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia              
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +----------- Gonidea                   
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+----------- Microcondylaea            
                    |                                      
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia             
                    +--+                                   
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia             
                       +--+                                
                          |  +-- Postolata                 
                          +--+                             
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus            

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 28 24 7 1
  +-------------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Lamprotulini   
  |  |                                 
  |  |           +----- Gonideini      
  +--+  +--------+                     
     |  |        |  +-- Schepmaniini   
     |  |        +--+                  
     +--+           +-- Pseudodontini  
        |                              
        |  +----------- Ctenodesmini   
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Contradentini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Ensidens **       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Rectidens **      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Hyriopsis **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 33 31 7 1
  +-------------------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                                          
  |              +----------- Ctenodesmini   
  |  +-----------+                           
--+  |           |  +-------- Contradentini  
  |  |           +--+                        
  |  |              |  +----- Ensidens **       
  |  |              +--+                     
  |  |                 |  +-- Rectidens **      
  +--+                 +--+                  
     |                    +-- Hyriopsis **      
     |                                       
     |                    +-- Schepmaniini   
     |  +-----------------+                  
     |  |                 +-- Pseudodontini  
     |  |                                    
     +--+                 +-- Inversidens    
        |  +--------------+                  
        |  |              +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Gonidea        
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Microcondylaea 
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Parvasolenaia  
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Koreosolenaia  
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Postolata      
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Ptychorhynchus 

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 3 4 4 1 5.5
  +----- Contradentini
  |                   
--+  +-- Ensidens **     
  |  |                
  |  +-- Hyriopsis__1 ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Hyriopsis__2 ** 
     |                
     +-- Rectidens **    

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 54 14 5 3
  +-------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                              
  |        +----- Pseudodontini  
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Gonideini      
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Lamprotulini   
     |                           
     |  +-------- Contradentini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ensidens **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Rectidens **      

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 3
  +-- Ensidens ** 
--+            
  +-- Rectidens **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 33 33 5 3
     +-------- Contradentini  
  +--+                        
  |  |  +----- Ensidens **       
  |  +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
--+     +--+                  
  |        +-- Rectidens **      
  |                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 3 73 28 5 4
  +----- Contradentini
  |                   
--+  +-- Ensidens **     
  |  |                
  +--+-- Hyriopsis **    
     |                
     +-- Rectidens **    

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 55 55 7 3
           +-------- Lamprotulini   
  +--------+                        
  |        |  +----- Gonideini      
  |        +--+                     
  |           |  +-- Schepmaniini   
--+           +--+                  
  |              +-- Pseudodontini  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Ctenodesmini   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Contradentini  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Ensidens **       
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Rectidens **      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 73 28 5 3
  +-------- Contradentini
--+                      
  |  +----- Ensidens **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Rectidens **    
     +--+                
        +-- Hyriopsis **    

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 54 14 5 3
  +-------------- Chamberlainiini
  |                              
  |        +----- Lamprotulini   
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Gonideini      
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Pseudodontini  
     |                           
     |  +-------- Contradentini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ensidens **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Rectidens **      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 33 33 5 3
     +-------- Contradentini  
  +--+                        
  |  |  +----- Ensidens **       
  |  +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
--+     +--+                  
  |        +-- Rectidens **      
  |                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini   

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 46 15 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 19 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 41 5 --
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Contradentini  
  |  +--------------+                     
--+  |              |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |              +--+                  
  |  |                 +-- Ensidens **       
  |  |                                    
  +--+              +----- Inversidens    
     |  +-----------+                     
     |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  |           +--+                  
     |  |              +-- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis       

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 16 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 46 41 7 --
        +-------- Ctenodesmini   
  +-----+                        
  |     |  +----- Contradentini  
  |     +--+                     
  |        |  +-- Ensidens **       
--+        +--+                  
  |           +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schepmaniini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini  

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 94 18 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 120 31 5 6
  +-- Lens     
  |            
  +-- Ensidens ** 
  |            
--+-- Physunio 
  |            
  +-- Rectidens **
  |            
  +-- Yaukthwa 

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 86 17 5 --
  +----- Contradentini
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyriopsis **    
  +--+                
     +-- Rectidens **    

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 17 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 24 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 52 21 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 94 18 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 45 40 7 --
        +-------- Ctenodesmini   
  +-----+                        
  |     |  +----- Contradentini  
  |     +--+                     
  |        |  +-- Ensidens **       
--+        +--+                  
  |           +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schepmaniini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini  

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 41 5 --
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |              +--+                  
  |  |                 +-- Ensidens **       
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------------- Inversidens    
     |  |                                 
     |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  +--------------+                  
     +--+              +-- Lamprotulini   
        |                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis       

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 10 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Pseudodontini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 19 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 84 16 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 16 5 --
  +----------- Chamberlainiini
  |                           
  |     +----- Contradentini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Rectidens **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini      

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 9 2 --
  +----- Pseudodontini
--+                   
  |  +-- Ensidens **     
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 7 2 --
  +-- Ensidens **     
--+                
  +-- Contradentini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 13 4 --
        +-- Ensidens **     
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Contradentini
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudodontini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini 
 
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