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Page last updated
Wed 1 October 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini | Epioblasma

species Epioblasma torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy
     5 specimens

Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus gibbosus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315 [also as ‘Unio gibbosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 23, 58.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20232, Riv. Ohio.

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Truncilla torulosaVanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosaOrtmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaFrierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaWatters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 314, pl. 82, fig. 11-12 [also as ‘Unio torulosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_20218, [no locality available - North America].

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Truncilla torulosaVanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosaOrtmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1925)
Dysnomia (s.s.) torulosaOrtmann (1924)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaFrierson (1927), Haas (1930), Haas (1969)
Epioblasma (sec. Torulosa) torulosumThiele (1934)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosaStansbery (1970)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Plagiola torulosaR.I. Johnson (1980)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaTurgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Watters et al. (2009), ITIS (2012), IUCN (2012)
Epioblasma torulosaCummings & Mayer (1992), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf (2002), Jones et al. (2004), ... Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

Amblema gibbosa var. difformis Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Vanatta (1915)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaWatters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. olivacea Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaWatters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. radiata Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaWatters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa var. angulata Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.

Vanatta (1915)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaWatters et al. (2009)

Unio perplexus Lea, 1831
Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 112, pl. 17, fig. 42.
Type(s): SYNTYPE USNM_84324, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) perplexusCall (1900)
Truncilla perplexaOrtmann (1909)
Unio perplexusde Gregorio (1914)
Truncilla torulosaVanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosaOrtmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaFrierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosaStrayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio torulosus Conrad, 1834
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 72.
‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 259.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Unio gibbosus Ferussac, 1835
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5: 28.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 50, pl. 27, fig. 1.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 41, figs. 41a-b.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)

Unio obliquus Potiez & Michaud, 1844
‘Lamarck’ Potiez & Michaud, 1844. Galérie Moll. at. Mus. Douai 2: 153, pl. 58, figs. 3-4.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaFrierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio gibbosus of Authors, unknown year
Küst. of Authors.

Unio phillipsii Reeve, 1864
‘Conrad’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 4, sp. 15.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa var. cincinnatiensisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)

Unio abnormis Haas, 1930
‘Say’ Haas, 1930. Senckenbergiana 12(6): 329. [MS]

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaHaas (1930)
Epioblasma torulosaParmalee & Bogan (1998)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Vanatta (1915)
Truncilla (Pilea) perplexaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) perplexusCall (1900)
Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa var. cincinnatiensisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Truncilla perplexaOrtmann (1909)
Unio perplexusde Gregorio (1914)
Truncilla torulosaVanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosaOrtmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1925)
Dysnomia (s.s.) torulosaOrtmann (1924)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosaFrierson (1927), Haas (1930), Haas (1969)
Epioblasma (sec. Torulosa) torulosumThiele (1934)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosaHaas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosaStansbery (1970)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosaBurch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosaR.I. Johnson (1978)
Plagiola torulosaR.I. Johnson (1980)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosaTurgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Watters et al. (2009), ITIS (2012), IUCN (2012)
Epioblasma torulosaCummings & Mayer (1992), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf (2002), ... Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

 
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