species Epioblasma torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus gibbosus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315 [also as ‘Unio gibbosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 23, 58.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20232, Riv. Ohio.

Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 314, pl. 82, fig. 11-12 [also as ‘Unio torulosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_20218, [no locality available - North America].

Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1925)
Dysnomia (s.s.) torulosa — Ortmann (1924)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930), Haas (1969)
Epioblasma (sec. Torulosa) torulosum — Thiele (1934)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa — Stansbery (1970)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Plagiola torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Watters et al. (2009), ITIS (2012), IUCN (2012)
Epioblasma torulosa — Cummings & Mayer (1992), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf (2002), Jones et al. (2004), ... Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

Amblema gibbosa var. difformis Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. olivacea Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. radiata Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa var. angulata Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio perplexus Lea, 1831

(homonym of Unio perplexus Say, 1829)
Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 112, pl. 17, fig. 42.
Type(s): SYNTYPE USNM_84324, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) perplexus — Call (1900)
Truncilla perplexa — Ortmann (1909)
Unio perplexus — de Gregorio (1914)
Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio torulosus Conrad, 1834

(reference to Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 72.
‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 259.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Unio gibbosus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(reference to Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 28.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 50, pl. 27, fig. 1.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 41, figs. 41a-b.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)

Unio obliquus Potiez & Michaud, 1844

(misidentified reference to Unio obliqua Lamarck, 1819)
‘Lamarck’ Potiez & Michaud, 1844. Galérie Moll. at. Mus. Douai 2: 153, pl. 58, figs. 3-4.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio gibbosus Küst. of Authors

(reference to Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)
Küst. of Authors.

Unio phillipsii Reeve, 1864

(misidentified reference to Unio phillipsii Conrad, 1835)
‘Conrad’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 4, sp. 15.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa var. cincinnatiensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)

Unio abnormis Haas, 1930

(intro'd as syn of Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Say’ Haas, 1930. Senckenbergiana 12(6): 329. [MS]

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Haas (1930)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)