species Epioblasma torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus gibbosus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315 [also as ‘Unio gibbosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 23, 58.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20232, Riv. Ohio.

Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 314, pl. 82, fig. 11-12 [also as ‘Unio torulosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE ANSP_20218, [no locality available - North America].

Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1925)
Dysnomia (s.s.) torulosa — Ortmann (1924)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930), Haas (1969)
Epioblasma (sec. Torulosa) torulosum — Thiele (1934)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa — Stansbery (1970)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Plagiola torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Watters et al. (2009), ITIS (2012), IUCN (2012)
Epioblasma torulosa — Cummings & Mayer (1992), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf (2002), Jones et al. (2004), ... Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

Amblema gibbosa var. difformis Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. olivacea Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema gibbosa var. radiata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema torulosa var. angulata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 57.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio perplexus Lea, 1831

Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 112, pl. 17, fig. 42.
(homonym of Unio perplexus Say, 1829)
Type(s): SYNTYPE USNM_84324, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) perplexus — Call (1900)
Truncilla perplexa — Ortmann (1909)
Unio perplexus — de Gregorio (1914)
Truncilla torulosa — Vanatta (1915), Ortmann (1918)
Dysnomia (Pilea) torulosa — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio torulosus Conrad, 1834

‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 72.
‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 259.
(reference to Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Unio gibbosus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 28.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 50, pl. 27, fig. 1.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 41, figs. 41a-b.
(reference to Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)

Unio obliquus Potiez & Michaud, 1844

‘Lamarck’ Potiez & Michaud, 1844. Galérie Moll. at. Mus. Douai 2: 153, pl. 58, figs. 3-4.
(misidentified reference to Unio obliqua Lamarck, 1819)

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Frierson (1927)
Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa torulosa — Haas (1969)
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa — Burch (1975)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio gibbosus Küst. of Authors

Küst. of Authors.
(reference to Amblema gibbosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio phillipsii Reeve, 1864

‘Conrad’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 4, sp. 15.
(misidentified reference to Unio phillipsii Conrad, 1835)

Truncilla (Pilea) perplexa var. cincinnatiensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Plagiola (Torulosa) torulosa — R.I. Johnson (1978)

Unio abnormis Haas, 1930

‘Say’ Haas, 1930. Senckenbergiana 12(6): 329. [MS]
(intro'd as syn of Amblema torulosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Dysnomia (Torulosa) torulosa — Haas (1930)
Epioblasma torulosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)