Bivalvia | Sphaeriida | Sphaerioidea | Sphaeriidae | Sphaeriinae

genus Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777: synonymy

72 Recent freshwater species (73 total species)

Synonymy

Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777

Scopoli, 1777. Intro. His. Nat., etc.: 397.
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Nux Humphrey, 1797

Humphrey, 1797. Mus. Col.: 59.

Cyclas Lamarck, 1799

Bruguière, 1797. Encycl. Méth. 2: 301.
Lamarck, 1799. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. 1: 84.
(renamed Cycladea Rafinesque, 1815)
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Musculium Link, 1807

Link, 1807. Beschr. Natr. Samml. Univ. Rostock 3: 152.
Type species: Tellina lacustris Müller, 1774 = Sphaerium lacustre

Cornea Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811

Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811. Mag. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 5: 56.
(renamed Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818)
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 (monotypy) = Sphaerium corneum

Cycladea Rafinesque, 1815

Rafinesque, 1815. Analyse Nat.: 146.
(new name for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)

Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818

‘Féruss.’ Blainville, 1818. Dict. Sci. Nat. 12: 278.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799; new name for Cornea Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811)
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 = Sphaerium corneum

Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799; renamed Amesodon Agassiz, 1846)
Type species: Cyclas similis Say, 1817 = Sphaerium simile

Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)

Cycladites Krueger, 1823

Krueger, 1823. Gesch. d. Urwelt. 165: 469.

Amesodon Agassiz, 1846

Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ.: 17.
(new name for Ameroda Rafinesque, 1820; new name for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820)

Cyrenastrum Bourguignat, 1854

Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 668.
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 674.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Type species: Cyclas solida Normand, 1844 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium solidum

Sphaeriastrum Bourguignat, 1854

Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 668.
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 674.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Type species: Cyclas rivicola Lamarck, 1818 = Sphaerium rivicola

Securilla Drouët, 1855

Drouët, 1855. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liége 10: 164.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Brug.)

Calyculina Clessin, 1872

Clessin, 1872. Malak. Blatt. 19: 159.
Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 490, 515.
Type species: Cyclas calyculata Draparnaud, 1806 = Sphaerium lacustre

Carneola Westerlund, 1873

Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 490.
(error for Corneola Westerlund, 1873)

Rivicoliana Servain, 1888

Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 309.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Type species: Cyclas rivicola Lamarck, 1818 = Sphaerium rivicola

Lacustriana Servain, 1888

Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 312.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)

Primella Cooper, 1892

Cooper, 1892. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 82.

Pseudocorbicula Dautzenberg, 1908

Dautzenberg, 1908. J. de Conch. 56: 32.
Type species: Pseudocorbicula alluaudi Dautzenberg, 1908 = Sphaerium nyanzae

Serratisphoerium Germain, 1909

Germain, 1909. Arch. Zool. exp. gén. 1: 114.
Type species: Sphaerium courteti Germain, 1904 = Sphaerium hartmanni

Sphaerinova Iredale, 1943

Iredale, 1943. Austral. Zool. 10: 195.
Type species: Sphaerium macgillivrayi E.A. Smith, 1882 = Sphaerium tasmanicum

Nucleocyclas Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 14.
Type species: Cyclas nucleus Studer, 1820 = Sphaerium nucleus

Parasphaerium Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 14.
Type species: Sphaerium rectidens Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967 = Sphaerium nitidum

Clessinicyclas Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 15.
Type species: Cyclas scaldiana Normand, 1844 = Sphaerium nucleus

Paramusculium Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 15.
Type species: Cyclas transversa Say, 1829 = Sphaerium transversum

Herringtonium Clarke, 1973

Clarke, 1973. Malacologia 13(1-2): 148.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Type species: Cyclas occidentale Lewis, 1856 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium occidentale

Asiocyclas Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas asiatica Martens, 1864 = Sphaerium asiaticum

Asiomusculium Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas calyculata var. inflata Middendorff, 1851 = Sphaerium asiaticum

Morimusculium Starobogatov, 1986

Starobogatov, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Sphaerium miyadii Mori, 1933 = Sphaerium miyadii

Parvimusculium Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas creplini Dunker, 1845 = Sphaerium lacustre

Shadinicyclas Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.

Sibirisphaerium Slugina et al., 1994

Slugina & Starobogatov in Slugina et al., 1994. Ruthenica 4(2): 124.
Type species: Sphaerium (Corneola) westerlundi Clessin in Westerlund, 1873 = Sphaerium corneum

Pseudopisidium Korniushin, 1995

Korniushin, 1995. J. Moll. Studies 61: 167.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Musculium Link, 1807)
Type species: Pisidium incomitatum Kuiper, 1966 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium incomitatum

Musculum Paetel, 1875

‘Link’ of Authors.
Paetel, 1875. Fam. Gatt. Moll.: 130.
Contreras-Arquieta, 2000. Mexicoa 2(1): 45.
(error for Musculium Link, 1807)

Physemoda Prime, 1852

‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Prime, 1852. Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(3): 348.
Prime, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 267.
Prime, 1865. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (145): 59.
(error for Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820)

Cyclus Jurine, 1817

Jurine, 1817. Helvet. Almanac: 37.
Anton, 1837. Arch. Naturg. 3 (1): 284.
(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)

Ameroda Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.
(error for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820; renamed Amesodon Agassiz, 1846)

Phymeroda Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.
(error for Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820)

Cyclos Krueger, 1823

Krueger, 1823. Gesch. d. Urwelt. 165: 469.
(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)

Cyglas Oken, 1835

Oken, 1835. Allg. Naturges.: 303.
(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)

Amisoda Deshayes, 1853

Deshayes, 1853. Cat. Bivalves Brit. Mus. part 1: 261.
(error for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820)

Musculium Adams & Adams, 1857

Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 165, 451.
(reference to Musculium Link, 1807)

Corneola Westerlund, 1873

Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 503.
(homonym of Held, 1837 [Gastrop.])
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Solidiana Servain, 1888

Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 310.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)

Corneana Servain, 1888

Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 311.
(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)

Caliculina Fischer & Crosse, 1894

Fischer & Crosse, 1894. Miss. Sci. Mexique, Rech. Zool. 2(16): 651.
(error for Calyculina Clessin, 1872)

Cornecyclas Hesse, 1916

Hesse, 1916. Nachr. Bl. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. 48: 123.
(error for Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818)
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 = Sphaerium corneum

Musculinum Müller, 1921

Müller, 1921. Arch. Moll. 52: 188.
(error for Musculium Link, 1807)

Spaerium Schlesch, 1925

Schlesch, 1925. Arch. Moll. 57(3): 93.
(error for Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)

Spoerium Bowler-Kelley, 1928

Bowler-Kelley, 1928. C. R. Assoc. Franç. Avanc. Sci. 52: 454.
(error for Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)

Serratisphaerium Thiele, 1934

Thiele, 1934. Handb. Syst. Weichtierk. 3: 853 [1297].
Vinarski & Kantor, 2016. Analyt. Cat. Fr. Brack. Moll. Russia: 85.
(error for Serratisphoerium Germain, 1909)
Type species: Sphaerium courteti Germain, 1904 = Sphaerium hartmanni

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

The Taxonomic History lists the ways authors have classified the species currently assigned to Sphaerium, since 1900.

Sphærium — Martens (1900), Pilsbry (1904), E.A. Smith (1906)
Sphærium (s.s.) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (s.s. sec. Cyrenastrum) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (s.s. sec. Sphæriastrum) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (Musculium) — Dall (1903), Pilsbry (1904)
Sphærium (Corneola) — Pallary (1909)
Sphaerium — Annandale & Prashad (1921), Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Srinivasa Rao (1928), F.C. Baker (1928), van Benthem Jutting (1931), ... Breure et al. (2022), Saito et al. (2022), Bespalaya et al. (2022), Czaja et al. (2023), Prié et al. (2023)
Pisidium — Pilsbry (1924), Kuiper (1966), Slugina (2006)
Sphaerium (Corneola) — Pallary (1924)
Eupera — Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Mansur & Meier-Brook (2000)
Pseudocorbicula — Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Thiele (1934)
Sphaerium (s.s.) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Subba Rao (1989), ... Starobogatov et al. (2004), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2023)
Sphaerium (Amesoda) — Thiele (1934), Falkner et al. (2001), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Bespalaya et al. (2023)
Sphaerium (Sphaeriastrum) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Mansur & Meier-Brook (2000)
Sphaerium (Cyrenastrum) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Falkner et al. (2001), Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Serratisphaerium) [sic] — Thiele (1934)
Sphaerium (Musculium) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Clarke (1973), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Stunžėnas et al. (2011), Bespalaya et al. (2023)
Sphaerium (Herringtonium) — Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Cooley & Ó Foighil (2000), Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2023)
Musculium — Burch (1975), Mackie et al. (1980), Kuiper (1983), Kuiper et al. (1989), Turgeon et al. (1998), ... Clewing et al. (2020), Saito et al. (2022), Clewing et al. (2022), Czaja et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2023)
Sphaerium (Sphaerinova) — B.J. Smith (1992), Cooley & Ó Foighil (2000), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2023), Ponder et al. (2025)
Musculium (Pseudopisidium) — Korniushin (1995)
Musculium (Sphaerinova) — Korniushin (2000)
Musculium (s.s.) — Korniushin (2000), Falkner et al. (2001), Starobogatov et al. (2004), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Musculum [sic] — Contreras-Arquieta (2000)
Sphaerium (Nucleocyclas) — Falkner et al. (2001), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Parasphaerium) — Falkner et al. (2001), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Rivicoliana) — Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Musculium (Morimusculium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Musculium (Parvimusculium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Paramusculium — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Rivicoliana — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Amesoda (Cyrenastrum) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Amesoda (Asiocyclas) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Amesoda (Clessinicyclas) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Sphaerium (Sibirisphaerium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Parasphaerium — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Amesoda — Kantor et al. (2010)
Nucleocyclas — Kantor et al. (2010)
Musculium (Paramusculium) — Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Euglesa (Conventus) — Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
“Sphaerium (S)” — Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017)