Bivalvia | Sphaeriida | Sphaerioidea | Sphaeriidae | Sphaeriinae

genus Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777: synonymy

71 Recent freshwater species (72 total species)

Synonymy

Musculum Paetel, 1875

(error for Musculium Link, 1807)
‘Link’ of Authors.
Paetel, 1875. Fam. Gatt. Moll.: 130.
Contreras-Arquieta, 2000. Mexicoa 2(1): 45.

Physemoda Prime, 1852

(error for Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Prime, 1852. Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(3): 348.
Prime, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 267.
Prime, 1865. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (145): 59.

Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777

Scopoli, 1777. Intro. His. Nat., etc.: 397.
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Cyclas Lamarck, 1799

(renamed Cycladea Rafinesque, 1815)
Bruguière, 1797. Encycl. Méth. 2: 301.
Lamarck, 1799. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. 1: 84.
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Nux Humphrey, 1797

Humphrey, 1797. Mus. Col.: 59.

Musculium Link, 1807

Link, 1807. Beschr. Natr. Samml. Univ. Rostock 3: 152.
Type species: Tellina lacustris Müller, 1774 = Sphaerium lacustre

Cornea Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811

(renamed Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818)
Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811. Mag. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 5: 56.
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 (monotypy) = Sphaerium corneum

Cycladea Rafinesque, 1815

(new name for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)
Rafinesque, 1815. Analyse Nat.: 146.

Cyclus Jurine, 1817

(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)
Jurine, 1817. Helvet. Almanac: 37.
Anton, 1837. Arch. Naturg. 3 (1): 284.

Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799; new name for Cornea Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811)
‘Féruss.’ Blainville, 1818. Dict. Sci. Nat. 12: 278.
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 = Sphaerium corneum

Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799; renamed Amesodon Agassiz, 1846)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.
Type species: Cyclas similis Say, 1817 = Sphaerium simile

Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.

Ameroda Rafinesque, 1820

(error for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820; renamed Amesodon Agassiz, 1846)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.

Phymeroda Rafinesque, 1820

(error for Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820)
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 319.

Cycladites Krueger, 1823

Krueger, 1823. Gesch. d. Urwelt. 165: 469.

Cyclos Krueger, 1823

(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)
Krueger, 1823. Gesch. d. Urwelt. 165: 469.

Cyglas Oken, 1835

(error for Cyclas Lamarck, 1799)
Oken, 1835. Allg. Naturges.: 303.

Amesodon Agassiz, 1846

(new name for Ameroda Rafinesque, 1820; new name for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820)
Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ.: 17.

Amisoda Deshayes, 1853

(error for Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820)
Deshayes, 1853. Cat. Bivalves Brit. Mus. part 1: 261.

Cyrenastrum Bourguignat, 1854

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 668.
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 674.
Type species: Cyclas solida Normand, 1844 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium solidum

Sphaeriastrum Bourguignat, 1854

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 668.
Bourguignat, 1854. Rev. Mag. Zool. 6: 674.
Type species: Cyclas rivicola Lamarck, 1818 = Sphaerium rivicola

Securilla Drouët, 1855

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Cyclas Brug.)
Drouët, 1855. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liége 10: 164.

Musculium Adams & Adams, 1857

(reference to Musculium Link, 1807)
Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 165, 451.

Calyculina Clessin, 1872

Clessin, 1872. Malak. Blatt. 19: 159.
Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 490, 515.
Type species: Cyclas calyculata Draparnaud, 1806 = Sphaerium lacustre

Carneola Westerlund, 1873

(error for Corneola Westerlund, 1873)
Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 490.

Corneola Westerlund, 1873

(homonym of Held, 1837 [Gastrop.])
Westerlund, 1873. Fauna Moll. Terr. Fluv. Suec. Norv. Dan. (2): 503.
Type species: Tellina cornea Linnaeus, 1758 = Sphaerium corneum

Rivicoliana Servain, 1888

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 309.
Type species: Cyclas rivicola Lamarck, 1818 = Sphaerium rivicola

Solidiana Servain, 1888

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 310.

Corneana Servain, 1888

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 311.

Lacustriana Servain, 1888

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Servain, 1888. Bull. Soc. Malac. France 5: 312.

Primella Cooper, 1892

Cooper, 1892. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 82.

Caliculina Fischer & Crosse, 1894

(error for Calyculina Clessin, 1872)
Fischer & Crosse, 1894. Miss. Sci. Mexique, Rech. Zool. 2(16): 651.

Pseudocorbicula Dautzenberg, 1908

Dautzenberg, 1908. J. de Conch. 56: 32.
Type species: Pseudocorbicula alluaudi Dautzenberg, 1908 = Sphaerium nyanzae

Serratisphoerium Germain, 1909

Germain, 1909. Arch. Zool. exp. gén. 1: 114.
Type species: Sphaerium courteti Germain, 1904 = Sphaerium hartmanni

Cornecyclas Hesse, 1916

(error for Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818)
Hesse, 1916. Nachr. Bl. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. 48: 123.
Type species: Cornea communis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 = Sphaerium corneum

Musculinum Müller, 1921

(error for Musculium Link, 1807)
Müller, 1921. Arch. Moll. 52: 188.

Spaerium Schlesch, 1925

(error for Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Schlesch, 1925. Arch. Moll. 57(3): 93.

Spoerium Bowler-Kelley, 1928

(error for Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Bowler-Kelley, 1928. C. R. Assoc. Franç. Avanc. Sci. 52: 454.

Serratisphaerium Thiele, 1934

(error for Serratisphoerium Germain, 1909)
Thiele, 1934. Handb. Syst. Weichtierk. 3: 853 [1297].
Vinarski & Kantor, 2016. Analyt. Cat. Fr. Brack. Moll. Russia: 85.
Type species: Sphaerium courteti Germain, 1904 = Sphaerium hartmanni

Sphaerinova Iredale, 1943

Iredale, 1943. Austral. Zool. 10: 195.
Type species: Sphaerium macgillivrayi E.A. Smith, 1882 = Sphaerium tasmanicum

Nucleocyclas Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 14.
Type species: Cyclas nucleus Studer, 1820 = Sphaerium nucleus

Parasphaerium Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 14.
Type species: Sphaerium rectidens Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967 = Sphaerium nitidum

Clessinicyclas Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 15.
Type species: Cyclas scaldiana Normand, 1844 = Sphaerium nucleus

Paramusculium Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968

Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968. Moll. & Role in Ecosyst.: 15.
Type species: Cyclas transversa Say, 1829 = Sphaerium transversum

Herringtonium Clarke, 1973

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777)
Clarke, 1973. Malacologia 13(1-2): 148.
Type species: Cyclas occidentale Lewis, 1856 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium occidentale

Asiocyclas Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas asiatica Martens, 1864 = Sphaerium asiaticum

Asiomusculium Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas calyculata var. inflata Middendorff, 1851 = Sphaerium asiaticum

Morimusculium Starobogatov, 1986

Starobogatov, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Sphaerium miyadii Mori, 1933 = Sphaerium miyadii

Parvimusculium Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.
Type species: Cyclas creplini Dunker, 1845 = Sphaerium lacustre

Shadinicyclas Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986

Starobogatov & Korniushin, 1986. unknown publication: ??.

Sibirisphaerium Slugina et al., 1994

Slugina & Starobogatov in Slugina et al., 1994. Ruthenica 4(2): 124.
Type species: Sphaerium (Corneola) westerlundi Clessin in Westerlund, 1873 = Sphaerium corneum

Pseudopisidium Korniushin, 1995

(intro'd as sub-gen. of Musculium Link, 1807)
Korniushin, 1995. J. Moll. Studies 61: 167.
Type species: Pisidium incomitatum Kuiper, 1966 (orig. desig.) = Sphaerium incomitatum

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

The Taxonomic History lists the ways authors have classified the species currently assigned to Sphaerium, since 1900.

Sphærium — Martens (1900), Pilsbry (1904), E.A. Smith (1906)
Sphærium (s.s.) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (s.s. sec. Cyrenastrum) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (s.s. sec. Sphæriastrum) — Dall (1903)
Sphærium (Musculium) — Dall (1903), Pilsbry (1904)
Sphærium (Corneola) — Pallary (1909)
Sphaerium — Annandale & Prashad (1921), Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Srinivasa Rao (1928), F.C. Baker (1928), van Benthem Jutting (1931), ... Czaja et al. (2023), Prié et al. (2023), Halabowski et al. (2024), Prie et al. (2026), Bogan et al. (2026)
Pisidium — Pilsbry (1924), Kuiper (1966), Slugina (2006)
Sphaerium (Corneola) — Pallary (1924)
Eupera — Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Mansur & Meier-Brook (2000)
Pseudocorbicula — Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Thiele (1934)
Sphaerium (s.s.) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Subba Rao (1989), ... Starobogatov et al. (2004), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2024)
Sphaerium (Amesoda) — Thiele (1934), Falkner et al. (2001), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Bespalaya et al. (2024)
Sphaerium (Sphaeriastrum) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Mansur & Meier-Brook (2000)
Sphaerium (Cyrenastrum) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Falkner et al. (2001), Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Serratisphaerium) [sic] — Thiele (1934)
Sphaerium (Musculium) — Thiele (1934), Zhadin (1965), Clarke (1973), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Stunžėnas et al. (2011), Bespalaya et al. (2024)
Sphaerium (Herringtonium) — Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Cooley & Ó Foighil (2000), Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2024)
Musculium — Burch (1975), Mackie et al. (1980), Kuiper (1983), Kuiper et al. (1989), Turgeon et al. (1998), ... Clewing et al. (2020), Saito et al. (2022), Clewing et al. (2022), Czaja et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2023)
Sphaerium (Sphaerinova) — B.J. Smith (1992), Cooley & Ó Foighil (2000), Lee & Ó Foighil (2003), Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017), Bespalaya et al. (2024), Ponder et al. (2025)
Musculium (Pseudopisidium) — Korniushin (1995)
Musculium (Sphaerinova) — Korniushin (2000)
Musculium (s.s.) — Korniushin (2000), Falkner et al. (2001), Starobogatov et al. (2004), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Musculum [sic] — Contreras-Arquieta (2000)
Sphaerium (Nucleocyclas) — Falkner et al. (2001), Bank (2006), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Parasphaerium) — Falkner et al. (2001), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Sphaerium (Rivicoliana) — Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2002), Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Musculium (Morimusculium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Musculium (Parvimusculium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Paramusculium — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Rivicoliana — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Amesoda (Cyrenastrum) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Amesoda (Asiocyclas) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Amesoda (Clessinicyclas) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Sphaerium (Sibirisphaerium) — Starobogatov et al. (2004)
Parasphaerium — Starobogatov et al. (2004), Kantor et al. (2010)
Amesoda — Kantor et al. (2010)
Nucleocyclas — Kantor et al. (2010)
Musculium (Paramusculium) — Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
Euglesa (Conventus) — Vinarski & Kantor (2016)
“Sphaerium (S)” — Fuentealba-Jara et al. (2017)