species Toxolasma texasiense (Lea, 1857): synonymy

Unio parvus ‘Barnes’ of Authors

‘Barnes’ of Authors.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(2): 20, pl. 9, fig. 1.
Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 35, sp. 186.
(misidentified reference to Unio parvus Barnes, 1823)

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) parvus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914)

Unio bairdianus Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 102.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 361 [43], pl. 61, fig. 186.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_85303 (by Cummings et al., 2025: 438), Devils R., Texas.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914)
Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969)
Carunculina parva — Burch (1975)
Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Vidrine (1993)
Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025)

Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 84.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 359, pl. 61, fig. 184 [as ‘texasensis’].
Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_85302 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 145), DeWitt Cr., Texas.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Eurynia (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914)
Carunculina texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1915), Utterback (1916), Gordon et al. (1979)
Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969)
Carunculina parva texasensis [sic] — Haas (1969)
Carunculina parva — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Toxolasma texasensis — Turgeon et al. (1988), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Cummings & Mayer (1992), Williams et al. (1993), Vidrine (1993), Haag (2012), Marshall et al. (2018)
Toxolasma texasiensis — Cummings & Mayer (1997), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Jones et al. (2005), Campbell et al. (2005), Zanatta & Murphy (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Tiemann et al. (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Chase et al. (2018), Bieler (2021)
Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasense [sic] — Bogan (2010), McMurray et al. (2012)
Toxolasma texasiense — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025), Cummings et al. (2025)

Unio texasensis ‘Lea’ of Authors

‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 359.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 59.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [5].
Pilsbry & Rhoads, 1896. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 48: 505.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 563.
Ortmann, 1915. Nautilus 28(12): 141.
Utterback, 1916. Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(9): 398.
Gordon et al., 1979. Bull. AMU (1979): 35, Table 3.
Cummings & Mayer, 1992. Freshw. Mussels Midwest (5): 134.
Vidrine, 1993. Histr. Distr. Freshw. Mussels LA: 169.
R.I. Johnson, 1999. Occ. Pap. Moll. 6(77): 34.
Bogan, 2010. FADA: [web].
ITIS, 2012. ITIS: [web].
Haag, 2012. N. Amer. Freshw. Mussels: 70 [as ‘Toxolasma texasensis’].
McMurray et al., 2012. Mo. Freshw. Mussels: 57 [as ‘Toxolasma texasense’].
Marshall et al., 2018. Amer. Malac. Bull. 36(1): 44.
(error for Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857)

Toxolasma texasiensis — Bieler (2021)
Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025)

Unio bealei Lea, 1862

Lea, 1862. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 14: 169.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 204 [26], pl. 30, fig. 273.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_85305 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 19), Leon Co., Texas.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914)
Carunculina texasensis [sic] — Utterback (1916)
Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969)
Carunculina parva — Burch (1975)
Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Vidrine (1993)
Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025)

Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson, 1900

Simpson, 1900. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 52: 75, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 564.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 150.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_151549 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 14), Elm Cr., 27 mi from Ft. Clark, Texas.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) mearnsi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis mearnsi — Simpson (1900)
Carunculina parva-mearnsi — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969)
Carunculina parva — Burch (1975)
Toxolasma mearnsi — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lee (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012)
Toxolasma parvus — Vidrine (1993), R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasensis — Howells et al. (1996)
Toxolasma texasiense — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025)

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis var. compressus Simpson, 1900

Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 564.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 150.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_152059 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 11), Ft. Clark, Texas.

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] var. compressus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis var. compressa — Simpson (1914)
Carunculina parva-compressa — Frierson (1927)
Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969)
Toxolasma parvus — Vidrine (1993), R.I. Johnson (1999)
Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025)

Unio texasianus Sowerby, 1866

‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 40, sp. 218.
(error for Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857)

Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914)
Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio bealii Singley, 1893

‘Lea’ Singley, 1893. Geol. Surv. Texas (1892): 321.
R.I. Johnson, 1999. Occ. Pap. Moll. 6(77): 35 [as ‘Unio beali’].
(error for Unio bealei Lea, 1862)