Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini

genus Toxolasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics

10 Recent valid species (10 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 10 (10 total)
analyzed in 73 cladograms in 51 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 10 (mean = 1.33, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 8
maximum number of included terminals = 10, (mean = 4 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.88

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Toxolasma cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Toxolasma cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.607 10 91 107 10 623 83 26 **
Cladomics cladogram Paetulunio Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma lividum 2 Toxolasma cylindrellus Toxolasma lividum 1 Toxolasma texasiense 2 Toxolasma glans Toxolasma paulum Toxolasma texasiense 1 Toxolasma 4 Toxolasma granulatum Toxolasma 2 Toxolasma 3 Toxolasma pullus Toxolasma germanum Toxolasma 1 Obliquaria Plectomerus Potamilus inflatus Potamilus ohiensis Potamilus amphichaenus Potamilus streckersoni Potamilus fragilis 2 Potamilus leptodon Potamilus fragilis 1 Potamilus metnecktayi Potamilus alatus 3 Potamilus alatus 2 Potamilus purpuratus 2 Potamilus alatus 1 Potamilus purpuratus 1 Villosa villosa Atlanticoncha Cambarunio nebulosus Ligumia Leaunio umbrans Cambarunio taeniatus Cambarunio iris Cambarunio simus Hamiota Pachynaias Sagittunio Ellipsaria Potamilus capax Truncilla Medionidus acutissimus Lemiox Medionidus penicillatus Ptychobranchus Cyprogenia aberti 2 Dromus Cyprogenia stegaria 2 Cyprogenia aberti 1 Cyprogenia stegaria 1 Villosa delumbis Villosa vibex Obovaria olivaria Venustaconcha Epioblasma Obovaria retusa Obovaria choctawensis Obovaria unicolor Obovaria subrotunda Mesonaias Obovaria arkansasensis Lampsilis splendida Lampsilis bracteata Lampsilis fasciola Ortmanniana pectorosa Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis ovata 2 Lampsilis dolabraeformis Lampsilis cardium 2 Lampsilis cardium 1 Lampsilis satura Lampsilis cariosa 2 Lampsilis ovata 1 Lampsilis cariosa 1 Ortmanniana ligamentina 2 Lampsilis abrupta Lampsilis higginsii 2 Ortmanniana ligamentina 1 Lampsilis higginsii 1 Medionidus conradicus Leaunio lienosus Leaunio vanuxemensis Lampsilis floridensis Lampsilis teres Lampsilis siliquoidea 1 Lampsilis siliquoidea 2 Lampsilis powellii 1 Lampsilis powellii 2 Lampsilis sietmani Lampsilis straminea 2 Lampsilis virescens Lampsilis hydiana 2 Lampsilis hydiana 1 Lampsilis bergmanni Lampsilis straminea 1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 5 34 8 7 110.0
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma glans Toxolasma lividum Toxolasma paulum Toxolasma texasiense Venustaconcha Lemiox Lampsilis Potamilus Cambarunio Ellipsaria Truncilla

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 3 4 34 9 7 114.0
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma paulum 2 Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma paulum 1 Toxolasma glans Toxolasma lividum Ellipsaria Truncilla Lemiox Potamilus Lampsilis Cambarunio Venustaconcha

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 3 3 1 3 53 45 22 112.0
Cladomics cladogram Cyrtonaias Glebula Paetulunio Obliquaria Toxolasma texasiense Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma lividum Sagittunio Potamilus Medionidus conradicus Ptychobranchus Medionidus acutissimus Lemiox Dromus Cyprogenia Lampsilis teres Truncilla Ellipsaria Leaunio Hamiota Lampsilis fasciola Ortmanniana pectorosa Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis ovata Lampsilis cardium Venustaconcha Obovaria Epioblasma Lampsilis siliquoidea Ortmanniana ligamentina Cambarunio Ligumia

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 3 3 0 3 54 45 22 111.0
Cladomics cladogram Paetulunio Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma lividum Toxolasma texasiense Obliquaria Glebula Cyrtonaias Ptychobranchus Dromus Cyprogenia Medionidus conradicus Medionidus acutissimus Lemiox Sagittunio Potamilus Truncilla Ellipsaria Ortmanniana pectorosa Lampsilis fasciola Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis ovata Lampsilis cardium Ligumia Cambarunio Lampsilis teres Hamiota Leaunio Ortmanniana ligamentina Lampsilis siliquoidea Obovaria olivaria Venustaconcha Epioblasma Obovaria unicolor Obovaria subrotunda Obovaria arkansasensis

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 13 0 0 112.0
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma paulum Toxolasma glans Toxolasma parvum Alasmidonta Pterosyna Strophitus Platynaias Pyganodon Utterbackia

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.792 2 2 0 2 100 41 22 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma texasiense Obliquaria Cyrtonaias Glebula Potamilus Medionidus acutissimus Lemiox Dromus Cyprogenia Sagittunio Medionidus conradicus Ptychobranchus Venustaconcha ellipsiformis 2 Ellipsaria Truncilla Villosa Obovaria olivaria Venustaconcha ellipsiformis 1 Epioblasma Obovaria unicolor Obovaria arkansasensis Obovaria subrotunda Hamiota Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ovata Ortmanniana pectorosa Lampsilis ornata Ligumia Cambarunio Lampsilis teres Ortmanniana ligamentina Lampsilis siliquoidea Leaunio

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 2 2 0 2 100 41 22 --
Cladomics cladogram Plectomerus Toxolasma parvum Toxolasma texasiense

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.905 1 1 0 1 40 35 19 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Popenaias Glebula Cyrtonaias Obliquaria Medionidus Lemiox Cyprogenia Ptychobranchus Potamilus Atlanticoncha Ellipsaria Truncilla Hamiota Villosa Ligumia Venustaconcha Obovaria Epioblasma Ortmanniana pectorosa Ortmanniana ligamentina Lampsilis

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.895 1 1 0 1 32 25 17 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Potamilus Ellipsaria Truncilla Medionidus Lemiox Dromus Cambarunio Leaunio Villosa Sagittunio Lampsilis ovata Venustaconcha Epioblasma Obovaria Lampsilis teres Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis straminea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.846 1 1 0 1 200 13 11 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Obliquaria Plectomerus

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.846 1 1 0 1 198 13 11 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Obliquaria Plectomerus Potamilus leptodon Potamilus alatus Medionidus Ptychobranchus Ellipsaria Truncilla Leaunio Venustaconcha Cambarunio Ortmanniana Lampsilis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.846 1 1 0 1 200 13 11 --
Cladomics cladogram Amblema Toxolasma parvum Obliquaria Plectomerus Elliptoideus Elliptio Eurynia Fusconaia Pleurobema Ellipsaria Potamilus leptodon Medionidus Potamilus alatus Ptychobranchus Truncilla Venustaconcha Cambarunio Leaunio Ortmanniana Lampsilis

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Obliquaria Cyrtonaias Glebula Ptychobranchus Lemiox Venustaconcha Obovaria Hamiota Lampsilis ovata Ortmanniana Lampsilis straminea Lampsilis hydiana

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Obliquaria Cyrtonaias Glebula Ptychobranchus Lemiox Venustaconcha Obovaria Hamiota Lampsilis ovata Ortmanniana Lampsilis straminea Lampsilis hydiana

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 1 1 0 1 72 14 10 --
Cladomics cladogram Potamilus alatus Potamilus capax Glebula Toxolasma lividum Paetulunio Dromus Lemiox Lampsilis ovata Obliquaria Lampsilis virescens Epioblasma Obovaria arkansasensis Obovaria olivaria Venustaconcha

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 1 1 0 1 72 14 10 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Plectomerus

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.909 1 1 0 1 34 15 9 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Obliquaria Obovaria Lampsilis cardium Potamilus Epioblasma Lampsilis siliquoidea Ortmanniana Lampsilis higginsii Ligumia Lampsilis teres Ellipsaria Truncilla

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.818 1 1 0 1 37 15 9 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Amblema Reginaia Obliquaria Pleurobema Elliptio Fusconaia Eurynia Potamilus Ellipsaria Truncilla Lampsilis cardium Ligumia Obovaria Epioblasma Lampsilis teres Lampsilis siliquoidea Ortmanniana Lampsilis higginsii

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.667 1 1 0 1 32 10 7 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Plectomerus Obliquaria

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 1 1 0 1 41 26 6 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Potamilus Ellipsaria Truncilla Leaunio Lampsilis bracteata Lampsilis fasciola Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis ovata Lampsilis cariosa Lampsilis cardium 3 Lampsilis cardium 2 Lampsilis satura Lampsilis cardium 1 Lampsilis higginsii Ortmanniana Lampsilis teres Lampsilis radiata Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis bergmanni Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis virescens Lampsilis straminea

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 1 1 0 1 40 25 6 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Ellipsaria Truncilla Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis bracteata Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis fasciola Lampsilis ovata Lampsilis cardium 3 Lampsilis cardium 2 Lampsilis satura Lampsilis cardium 1 Lampsilis teres Lampsilis higginsii Ortmanniana Lampsilis radiata Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis bergmanni Lampsilis virescens Lampsilis straminea

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.857 1 1 0 1 33 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Amblema Glebula Cyrtonaias Potamilus Ortmanniana Ligumia Quadrula Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.857 1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Ortmanniana Glebula Potamilus Ligumia Toxolasma lividum

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Cyrtonaias Glebula Toxolasma lividum Potamilus Ligumia Ortmanniana

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.857 1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Potamilus Ligumia Ortmanniana Amblema Quadrula Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.857 1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Ortmanniana Glebula Potamilus Ligumia Toxolasma lividum

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Cyrtonaias Glebula Toxolasma lividum Ortmanniana Ligumia Potamilus

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.857 1 1 0 1 139 11 5 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Ortmanniana Lampsilis hydiana Lampsilis siliquoidea Venustaconcha Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 6 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 72 8 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Venustaconcha Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis powellii

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 72 8 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Venustaconcha Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis powellii

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 72 8 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Venustaconcha Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis powellii

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 52 8 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 94 10 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 94 10 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 90 10 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 90 10 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis cariosa

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 5 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 4 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 86 9 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.833 1 1 0 1 84 8 4 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Leaunio Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 41 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 1 1 0 1 18 7 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Venustaconcha Lampsilis powellii Lampsilis siliquoidea

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 4 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 1 1 0 1 67 7 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis cardium Venustaconcha Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis powellii

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 1 1 0 1 36 5 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis siliquoidea Venustaconcha

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 1 1 0 1 38 5 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Potamilus Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis ornata Lampsilis siliquoidea Venustaconcha

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.600 1 1 0 1 14 8 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Popenaias Amblema Quadrula Uniomerus Pleurobema Elliptio

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 3 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma lividum Obliquaria Glebula Cyrtonaias

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 1 1 0 1 11 3 3 --
Cladomics cladogram Obliquaria Toxolasma lividum Glebula Cyrtonaias Nephronaias Popenaias

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Lampsilis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 31 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis Venustaconcha

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 37 3 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis Potamilus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Potamilus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 2 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha Potamilus

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.250 1 1 0 1 33 5 2 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Lampsilis ornata Potamilus Lampsilis siliquoidea Lampsilis powellii

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 1 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Toxolasma parvum Venustaconcha