species Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820: synonymy

Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 298, pl. 80, figs. 16-19 [also as ‘Unio cardium’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 43.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20210 (by Johnson & Baker, 1973: 150), [no locality available - North America].

Lampsilis cardium — Vanatta (1915), Morrison (1969), Turgeon et al. (1988), Cummings & Mayer (1992), Williams et al. (1993), ... Chen et al. (2025), FMCS (2025), Chen et al. (2025), Hou et al. (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Utterback (1916), Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Graf (2000)
Lampsilis cardium/ovata — Jones (2015)

Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823

Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 267, pl. 13, figs. 14a-c.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsida [sic] ventricosus — Landacre (1902)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918), Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928), Mathiak (1979), Davis & Fuller (1981), Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis cardium — Vanatta (1915), Morrison (1969), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
Lampsilis ovatus ventricosa — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis ovata ventricosa — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Proptera capax — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)

Unio occidens Lea, 1829

Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 435, pl. 10, fig. 16.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84866, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis occidens — Ihering (1901)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Unio occidens — de Gregorio (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa occidens — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis ovata ventricosa — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis cardium — Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio subovatus Lea, 1831

Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 118 [128], pl. 18, fig. 46.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84509, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) subovatus — Call (1900)
Lampsida [sic] ventricosus — Landacre (1902)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa occidens — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio cardium Conrad, 1834

(reference to Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 68.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis cardium — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio lenis Conrad, 1838

Conrad, 1838. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 106, pl. 58, fig. 2.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio ovatus ‘Say’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Unio ovatus Say, 1817)
‘Say’ of Authors.
Deshayes in Deshayes & Milne Edwards, 1839. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 2: 669.
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 55, pl. 12, fig. 1. [in part]

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio cariosus De Kay, 1843

(misidentified reference to Unio cariosus Say, 1817)
De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 193, pl. 21, figs. 243-244.

Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)

Unio canadensis Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 85.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 268 [86], pl. 44, fig. 148.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84503, St. Helens Id., Montreal, Canada.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosa — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio dolabraeformis Sowerby, 1867

(misidentified reference to Unio dolabraeformis Lea, 1838)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 59, sp. 298 [as ‘dolabræformis’].

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio latissimus Sowerby, 1868

(homonym of Unio (Eurynia) latissima Rafinesque, 1820)
Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 66, sp. 337.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis ventricosa cohongoronta Ortmann, 1912

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Ortmann, 1912. Nautilus 26(5): 53.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE CM_31.6994 (by Parodiz, 1967: 28), Potomac River, Hancock, Washington Co., Maryland.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa var. lurida Simpson, 1914

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 41.
Type(s): TYPE USNM_29958, Devil’s Lake, Lenawee Co., Mich.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa var. lurida — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium-lurida — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa lurida — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium lurida — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis ventricosa perglobosa F.C. Baker, 1928

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 285, pl. 93, figs. 1-4.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209195, Lake Pepin, Lake City, Minnesota.

Lampsilis ventricosa perglobosa — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis ventricosa winnebagoensis F.C. Baker, 1928

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 291, pl. 94, figs. 1-4.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209212, L. Winnebago, nr. Oshkosh, Wis.

Lampsilis ventricosa winnebagoensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio radiatus Hildreth, 1828

(misidentified reference to Unio radiatus Barnes, 1823)
Hildreth, 1828. Amer. J. Sci. 14: 286.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)

Unio ventricosus Say, 1832

(reference to Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Say, 1832. Amer. Conch. 4: pl. 32.

Unio ossidens Swainson, 1840

(error for Unio occidens Lea, 1829)
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 262.

Unio ventricosus Sowerby, 1866

(reference to Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
‘Barnes’ Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 43, sp. 235.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)

Unio subovatus Sowerby, 1868

(reference to Unio subovatus Lea, 1831)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 85, sp. 456.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) fasciola — Frierson (1927)