MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
Geography
Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Sun 12 April 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini
genus Leaunio Watters, 2018: cladomics
5 Recent valid species (5 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 5 (5 total)
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 23 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.05, median = 1)
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 1
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 3 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0
Cladograms
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14
** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 3 | 66 | 74 | 3 | 629 | 90 | 26 | 0 |
+-------- Potamilus_inflatus
+--------+
| | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| +--+
+-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | |
| +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | |
| +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans **
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +-- Venustaconcha
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Epioblasma
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus **
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+----------- Ligumia | +----------- Truncilla | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--------+ --+ +-- Sagittunio | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma | | +--+ +----- Ortmanniana | | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ +----- Leaunio_vanuxemensis ** | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+----- Obliquaria
+--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +----------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
| |
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| +----------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 2 | -- |
+----- Potamilus --+ | +-- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 10 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-------- Venustaconcha | | | | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+-----+ | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 140 | 11 | 5 | -- |
+-------------------- Toxolasma | --+ +----------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +-------------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +-----+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_hydiana | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | +-------- Venustaconcha +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 10 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 16 | 5 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Cambarunio | +-----------------+ | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus ** --+ | | | +----------- Lampsilis_teres | | | | +--------+ +-------- Ortmanniana | | | | | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana +--+ | +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_virescens | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_radiata | | +----------------- Obovaria | | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_bracteata | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_ornata | | +--+ +-------- Lampsilis_ovata | | +--+ +----- Lampsilis_cardium__3 | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura | | +--+-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 26 | 6 | -- |
+----------------------------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------------------------- Potamilus | | | | +-- Ellipsaria +--+ +--------------------------+ | | +-- Truncilla | | | | +-------------------------- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | | | +-------------------- Lampsilis_bracteata | | | | | +--+ +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola | | | | | +--+ | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata | | | | | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | | +--------+ | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cariosa | | +--+ | | | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__3 +--+ +--+ | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2 | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_satura | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | +--------------+ | | +-- Ortmanniana +-----+ | +-------------- Lampsilis_teres | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata | +--------+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_bergmanni +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_hydiana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_virescens +--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 25 | 6 | -- |
+----------------------------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------------------------- Ellipsaria | | +--+ +----------------------------- Truncilla | | | | +-------------------------- Potamilus +--+ | | | +----------------------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | +--+ | +----------------- Lampsilis_bracteata | | | | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata | | | | +-----------+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola | | +--+ | | | +----------- Lampsilis_ovata | | +--+ | | | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__3 | | +--+ +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2 | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_satura | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | | +-------------- Lampsilis_teres | | | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii +-----+ +--------+ | | +-- Ortmanniana | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_virescens +--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Obliquaria --+ | +-------- Cyrtonaias +--+ | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Pachynaias
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 10 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_leptodon | | +----------- Potamilus_alatus --+ | | | +-------- Venustaconcha | | | +--+ +-------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | | +-- Ellipsaria | +-----+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Medionidus +-----+ | +-- Ptychobranchus | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 8 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 10 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
| +-----+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+-------------------- Truncilla | --+ +----------------- Ligumia | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Sagittunio | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola | | +----- Epioblasma +--+ | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 9 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 16 | 5 | -- |
+----------------- Lampsilis_teres | +----------------- Obovaria | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--------------+ | +-- Cambarunio | | +-------- Ortmanniana | | --+--------+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana | | +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_virescens | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_radiata | | +-------------- Lampsilis_bracteata | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_ornata | | +--+ +-------- Lampsilis_ovata | | +--+ +----- Lampsilis_cardium__3 | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura | | +--+-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+-----+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_lienosus **
+--+
| +-- Truncilla
+--+
+-- Potamilus
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha
+--+
+-------- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
+-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma --+ | +-------- Potamilus +--+ | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | +-- Venustaconcha +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Obliquaria --+ | +-------- Cyrtonaias +--+ | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Pachynaias
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 4 | 3 | -- |
+-- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-- Leaunio_lienosus **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 25 | 17 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | | +-------------- Potamilus | | | | +-- Ellipsaria | +-----------+ --+ | +-- Truncilla | | | | +----- Medionidus | +--------+ | | | +-- Lemiox | | +--+ +--+ +-- Dromus | | +----------- Cambarunio | | | +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | | +----------- Villosa | | | | +-- Sagittunio | +--------+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | +----- Venustaconcha +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma | +--+ | +-- Obovaria | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_hydiana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon | --+ +----------------- Potamilus_alatus | | | | +-- Medionidus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +-- Ellipsaria | +--------+ | | +-- Truncilla +--+ | +-------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Leaunio_lienosus ** --+ | +----- Lampsilis_straminea +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_teres +--+ +-- Potamilus
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 5 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma --+ | +-------- Potamilus +--+ | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 9 | 5 | -- |
+-------- Lampsilis | --+ +----- Leaunio_vanuxemensis ** | | +--+----- Obovaria | | +-- Villosa +--+ +-- Cambarunio
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma --+ | +-------- Potamilus +--+ | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Venustaconcha
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+----- Ellipsaria | +----- Potamilus_leptodon | +----- Medionidus | +----- Potamilus_alatus | +----- Ptychobranchus --+ +----- Truncilla | +----- Venustaconcha | +----- Cambarunio | +----- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 7 | 3 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus | --+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+-------- Toxolasma
+--------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-------------------- Villosa
+--+ |
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +-------- Epioblasma
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 8 | 4 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma | --+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Leaunio_lienosus ** | | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium | +-----+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ornata +--+ | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_powellii +--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
