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Data last updated
Mon 1 Dec 2025

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Gonideini

genus Parvasolenaia Huang & Wu in Huang et al., 2019: cladomics

3 Recent valid species (5 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (5 total)
analyzed in 50 cladograms in 27 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.04, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 2
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.5

Cladograms

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 5 2 -- 
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
  +--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
--+                                
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus            
  +--+                             
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 16 11 -- 
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
  |              +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----------+                             
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |           +--+                          
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                         
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata        
     |  |                                      
     +--+           +-- Koreosolenaia          
        |  +--------+                          
        |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           |  |                                
           +--+     +-- Obovalis               
              |  +--+                          
              |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Guiunio                
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Cosmopseudodon

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 45 5 2 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
--+                                
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
  +--+                             
     +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 9 8 -- 
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
--+                 +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------------+                          
  |  |              +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                         
     |  +-------------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                      
        |  +----------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Cosmopseudodon         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Obovalis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 11 8 -- 
     +-------- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Gonidea                
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
--+     +--+                          
  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  |  |                                
  +--+     +-- Obovalis               
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 4 3 -- 
     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 198 8 6 -- 
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
  |     +----- Gonidea                
--+  +--+                             
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |  +--+                          
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 6 4 -- 
  +-------- Inversidens            
  |                                
--+     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 3 2 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  |                                
--+  +----- Gonidea                
  |  |                             
  +--+----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
     |                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 8 5 -- 
           +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Postolata              
        +--+                          
           +-- Cosmopseudodon

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 5 2 -- 
     +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita 
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
  |  +--+                          
--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea  
  |                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Koreosolenaia

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 3 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Microcondylaea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 5 3 -- 
     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +----------------- Inversidens            
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |  |                                      
  +--+           +-- Gonidea                
     |  +--------+                          
     |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Postolata              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 13 9 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |        +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----+                             
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |     +--+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                          
              +-- Obovalis

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 111 8 5 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea    
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata    
  |                            
  +-- Leguminaia               
  |                            
  +-- Microcondylaea           
--+                            
  +-- Gonidea                  
  |                            
  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                            
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **  
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 7 6 -- 
        +----- Gonidea                
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 4 3 -- 
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+           +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 4 3 -- 
     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                          
        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 3 2 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 117 8 5 -- 
-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+           +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+  +----------- Gonidea                
  |  |                                   
  +--+----------- Microcondylaea         
     |                                   
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |           +-- Gonidea                
--+  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |  |                                   
  +--+        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Obovalis               
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 13 9 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |        +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----+                             
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |     +--+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                          
              +-- Obovalis

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 3 2 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
--+        +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 5 4 -- 
        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                
  |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Postolata              
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Koreosolenaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 4 3 -- 
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 3 1 -- 
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 200 9 6 -- 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  |                                
  |  +----- Gonidea                
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Koreosolenaia          
  |                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita 
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea  
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 6 4 -- 
  +-------- Inversidens            
  |                                
--+     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 68 4 3 -- 
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 200 9 6 -- 
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
  |     +----- Gonidea                
--+  +--+                             
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |  +--+                          
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                
     |     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     |     |                          
     +-----+-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
           |                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 3 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Ptychorhynchus

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 3 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 5 4 -- 
        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                
  |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Postolata              
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 2 1 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
--+                             
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  +--+                          
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 2 1 -- 
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 15 10 -- 
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
  |              +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----------+                             
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |           +--+                          
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                         
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata        
     |  |                                      
     +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        |  +--------+                          
        |  |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Obovalis               
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Cosmopseudodon

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 11 7 -- 
  +----------------- Inversidens            
  |                                         
--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
  |  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Postolata              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Cosmopseudodon

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 7 6 -- 
           +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 79 5 4 -- 
-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 2 1 -- 
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 7 6 -- 
        +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia
 
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