Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Gonideini

genus Sinosolenaia Bolotov, Kondakov, Konopleva & Vikhrev, 2021: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 122 cladograms in 68 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.87, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 68
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 2.56 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.84

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Sinosolenaia cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Sinosolenaia cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 7 7 6 43 3 2 0 
           +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis   
  +--------+                                
  |        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis
  |        +--+                             
  |           +-- Ptychorhynchus            
--+                                         
  |           +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **     
  |  +--------+                             
  |  |        +-- Lamprotula                
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **    
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__2 **  
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__1 **  
           |  |                             
           +--+-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **     
              |                             
              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__3 **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 45 13 12 8 
                 +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +--------------+                               
  |              |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |              +--+                            
  |                 |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |                 +--+                         
--+                    +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |                                              
  |                 +----- Gonidea               
  |  +--------------+                            
  |  |              |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |              +--+                         
  +--+                 +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                                           
     |  +----------------- Pseudopostolata       
     |  |                                        
     +--+              +-- Koreosolenaia         
        |  +-----------+                         
        |  |           +-- Parvasolenaia         
        +--+                                     
           |  +----------- Postolata             
           |  |                                  
           +--+        +-- Guiunio               
              |  +-----+                         
              |  |     +-- Cosmopseudodon        
              +--+                               
                 |  +----- Obovalis              
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Tenuiunio             
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Ptychorhynchus

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 16 0 5 114 5 5 17 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **    
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **    
  |                            
  +-- Leguminaia               
  |                            
  +-- Microcondylaea           
  |                            
  +-- Gonidea                  
  |                            
  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                            
  +-- Parvasolenaia            
  |                            
--+-- Lamprotula_leaii         
  |                            
  +-- Lamprotula               
  |                            
  +-- Lamprotula_caveata       
  |                            
  +-- Potomida                 
  |                            
  +-- Pronodularia             
  |                            
  +-- Sinohyriopsis            
  |                            
  +-- Chamberlainia            
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 41 3 2 8 
  +-------------- Parvasolenaia         
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Ptychorhynchus        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
           +--+                         
              +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 44 12 11 8 
              +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +-----------+                               
  |           |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |           +--+                            
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |                                           
  |              +----- Gonidea               
  |  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata       
     |  |                                     
     +--+           +-- Koreosolenaia         
        |  +--------+                         
        |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia         
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Postolata             
           |  |                               
           +--+     +-- Guiunio               
              |  +--+                         
              |  |  +-- Cosmopseudodon        
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Obovalis              
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 41 10 9 8 
        +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +-----+                               
  |     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |     +--+                            
  |        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |        +--+                         
  |           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
--+                                     
  |        +----- Gonidea               
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea        
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia         
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Postolata             
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus        
           +--+                         
              +-- Obovalis

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 6 4 4 4 2 2 9 
     +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |  +--+                         
--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |                               
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
     +--+                         
        +-- Koreosolenaia

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 41 10 9 8 
        +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +-----+                               
  |     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |     +--+                            
  |        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |        +--+                         
  |           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
--+                                     
  |        +----- Gonidea               
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea        
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia         
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Postolata             
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus        
           +--+                         
              +-- Obovalis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 197 6 6 8 
     +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +--+                               
  |  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |  +--+                            
  |     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |     +--+                         
--+        +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |                                  
  |     +----- Gonidea               
  |  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |  +--+                         
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                               
     |     +-- Ptychorhynchus        
     |     |                         
     +-----+-- Parvasolenaia         
           |                         
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 23 7 7 8 
  +----------------- Inversidens           
  |                                        
  |     +----------- Parvasolenaia         
  |  +--+                                  
--+  |  |  +-------- Koreosolenaia         
  |  |  +--+                               
  |  |     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
  |  |     +--+                            
  +--+        |  +-- Cosmopseudodon        
     |        +--+                         
     |           +-- Postolata             
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Microcondylaea        
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
              +--+                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 118 8 8 8 
        +-------- Inversidens           
        |                               
  +-----+     +-- Obovalis              
  |     |  +--+                         
  |     |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus        
  |     +--+                            
  |        |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Koreosolenaia         
  |                                     
  |        +----- Gonidea               
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |     +--+                         
  +--+        +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                                  
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
           +--+                         
              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 0 5 108 5 5 13 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **    
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **    
  |                            
  +-- Leguminaia               
  |                            
  +-- Microcondylaea           
--+                            
  +-- Gonidea                  
  |                            
  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                            
  +-- Parvasolenaia            
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 43 11 10 8 
              +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +-----------+                               
  |           |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |           +--+                            
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |                                           
  |              +----- Gonidea               
  |  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata       
     |  |                                     
     +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia         
        |  +--------+                         
        |  |        +-- Koreosolenaia         
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Postolata             
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Cosmopseudodon        
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Obovalis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 10 6 4 197 6 6 11 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  |                               
  |  +----- Gonidea               
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  +--+                         
  |     +-- Microcondylaea        
--+                               
  |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
  |  +--+                         
  |     +-- Koreosolenaia         
  |                               
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
     +--+                         
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 93 3 3 9 
  +----------- Microcondylaea       
  |                                 
--+        +-- Parvasolenaia        
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
        +--+                        
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 50 5 5 9 
     +-------- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                              
  |  |  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
  |  +--+                           
  |     |  +-- Cosmopseudodon       
--+     +--+                        
  |        +-- Postolata            
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
        +--+                        
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 89 4 4 9 
  +-------------- Inversidens          
  |                                    
--+           +-- Parvasolenaia        
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Microcondylaea       
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
           +--+                        
              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 196 6 6 9 
        +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |     +--+                         
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
--+                                  
  |     +----- Gonidea               
  |  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |  |  +--+                         
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                               
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
        +--+                         
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 136 4 3 9 
     +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |  +--+                         
--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |                               
  |  +----- Gonidea               
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Microcondylaea        
     +--+                         
        +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 89 4 4 9 
  +-------------- Inversidens          
  |                                    
--+           +-- Parvasolenaia        
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Microcondylaea       
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
           +--+                        
              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 93 3 3 9 
           +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--------+                        
  |        +-- Microcondylaea       
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
        +--+                        
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 7 4 3 136 4 3 12 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  |                               
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
--+-----+                         
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |                               
  |  +----- Gonidea               
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Microcondylaea        
     +--+                         
        +-- Leguminaia

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 31 1 1 9 
  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 13 0 3 122 4 3 14 
  +-- Chamberlainia         
  |                         
  +-- Sinohyriopsis         
  |                         
  +-- Lamprotula_caveata    
  |                         
  +-- Lamprotula_leaii      
  |                         
  +-- Potomida              
  |                         
  +-- Pronodularia          
  |                         
--+-- Gonidea               
  |                         
  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi  
  |                         
  +-- Leguminaia            
  |                         
  +-- Microcondylaea        
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 42 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 23 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 54 2 2 -- 
     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 89 6 6 -- 
        +----- Gonidea              
  +-----+                           
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia           
  |     +--+                        
--+        +-- Microcondylaea       
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Inversidens          
  |  |                              
  +--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     |  +--+                        
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
        +--+                        
           +-- Ptychorhynchus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 78 4 4 -- 
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                              
  |  +----- Gonidea              
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Microcondylaea       
     +--+                        
        +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 28 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 89 6 6 -- 
     +-------- Inversidens          
  +--+                              
  |  |  +----- Gonidea              
  |  +--+                           
  |     |  +-- Microcondylaea       
  |     +--+                        
--+        +-- Leguminaia           
  |                                 
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  |     +--+                        
  |     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +-----+                           
        |  +-- Ptychorhynchus       
        +--+                        
           +-- Parvasolenaia

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 14 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 72 3 3 -- 
        +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 4 29 1 1 -- 
  +----------- Parvasolenaia           
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_iridinea__3 **
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia_iridinea__2 **
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea__1 **
        +--+                           
           +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 1 1 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia        
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 2 10 8 6 15 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                    
  |        +----- Inversidens          
--+  +-----+                           
  |  |     |  +-- Gonidea              
  |  |     +--+                        
  +--+        +-- Leguminaia           
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Postolata            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Obovalis             
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 36 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 35 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 51 3 3 12 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                              
--+  +----- Gonidea              
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     |                           
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
     +--+                        
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 72 3 3 -- 
        +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 23 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 86 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Inversidens          
  |                                 
  |     +----- Parvasolenaia        
--+  +--+                           
  |  |  |  +-- Postolata            
  |  |  +--+                        
  +--+     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
     |                              
     |  +----- Microcondylaea       
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
        +--+                        
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 52 2 2 -- 
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                           
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                        
     +-- Ptychorhynchus

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 11 1 1 11 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
     +-- Parvasolenaia

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 84 3 3 -- 
        +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 38 1 1 11 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                           
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 67 3 3 -- 
        +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 47 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 42 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 1 1 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia        
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 37 2 2 -- 
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                           
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                        
     +-- Microcondylaea

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Parvasolenaia         
--+                            
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 44 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 46 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Ptychorhynchus       
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 30 0 0 -- 
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 72 3 3 -- 
        +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Parvasolenaia        
--+                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 4 4 -- 
     +----- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Postolata            
  |  +--+                        
--+     +-- Ptychorhynchus       
  |                              
  |  +----- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 50 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Gonidea              
  +--+                        
     +-- Leguminaia

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Leguminaia           
  +--+                        
     +-- Gonidea

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 3 3 -- 
  +-- Inversidens          
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 8 -- 
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                          
--+                 +-- Gonidea              
  |  +--------------+                        
  |  |              +-- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------------- Koreosolenaia        
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Parvasolenaia        
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Postolata            
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Cosmopseudodon       
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus       
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Obovalis

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 1 1 -- 
  +-- Microcondylaea       
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Gonidea              
  +--+                        
     +-- Leguminaia

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Gonidea              
  +--+                        
     +-- Leguminaia

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 -- 
  +-- Microcondylaea       
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 2 2 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                    
--+           +-- Gonidea              
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Parvasolenaia        
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Koreosolenaia        
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Postolata            
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 -- 
  +-- Microcondylaea       
--+                        
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                    
--+           +-- Gonidea              
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia        
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia        
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Postolata            
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Leguminaia           
  +--+                        
     +-- Gonidea

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                    
  |           +-- Gonidea              
--+  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea       
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Koreosolenaia        
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia        
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Postolata            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Obovalis             
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 34 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Leguminaia           
  +--+                        
     +-- Gonidea

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
  |                                  
--+        +-- Ptychorhynchus        
  |  +-----+                         
  |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia         
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Gonidea               
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Microcondylaea        
        +--+                         
           +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Gonidea              
  |  |                                 
  +--+----------- Microcondylaea       
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia        
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia        
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Postolata            
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 7 6 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Microcondylaea       
--+                              
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus       
     +--+                        
        +-- Parvasolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 8 7 -- 
  +----------------- Inversidens          
  |                                       
--+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
  |  |                                    
  +--+           +-- Gonidea              
     |  +--------+                        
     |  |        +-- Microcondylaea       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Koreosolenaia        
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Parvasolenaia        
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Postolata            
              +--+                        
                 +-- Ptychorhynchus

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 59 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Gonidea              
  +--+                        
     +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
  |                              
--+  +----- Inversidens          
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-- Obovalis_omiensis__1 
     |  |                        
     +--+-- Obovalis_omiensis__2 
        |                        
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **