Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini | Unionina

genus Unio Philipsson in Retzius, 1788: cladomics

29 Recent valid species (45 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 29 (45 total)
analyzed in 235 cladograms in 138 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 26 (mean = 3.49, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 165
maximum number of included terminals = 26, (mean = 4.55 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.93

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unio cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unio cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 26 26 24 26 607 0 0 **
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Pseudocuneopsis Diaurora Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio durieui Unio gibbus Unio tumidiformis Unio sesirmensis Unio desectus Unio damascensis Unio ionicus Unio carneus Unio nanus Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio ravoisieri Unio mancus Unio elongatulus Unio hueti Unio delicatus 2 Unio eucirrus Unio pictorum Unio caffer Unio terminalis Unio delicatus 1

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 23 23 20 23 8 0 0 28.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudanodonta Anodonta Unio tumidus Unio durieui Unio gibbus Unio damascensis Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio bruguierianus Unio tumidiformis Unio vicarius Unio carneus Unio crassus Unio caffer Unio terminalis Unio delicatus Unio pictorum Unio eucirrus Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio ravoisieri Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio hueti Unio tigridis

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 23 23 14 23 8 0 0 22.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta exulcerata Anodonta seddonae Anodonta cygnea Unio tumidus Unio durieui Unio gibbus Unio sesirmensis Unio damascensis Unio ionicus Unio bruguierianus Unio tumidiformis Unio carneus Unio crassus Unio vicarius Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio pictorum Unio eucirrus Unio caffer Unio terminalis Unio delicatus Unio ravoisieri Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio hueti Unio tigridis

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 19 19 17 19 56 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Middendorffinaia Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio terminalis Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio mancus Unio tumidiformis Unio desectus Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio damascensis Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio vicarius Unio carneus Unio nanus

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 19 19 17 19 121 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Middendorffinaia Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio terminalis Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio tumidiformis Unio desectus Unio damascensis Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio carneus Unio nanus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 17 17 15 17 5 0 0 31.0
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Nodularia Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio terminalis Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio tumidiformis Unio ionicus Unio carneus Unio damascensis Unio sesirmensis Unio bruguierianus Unio gontierii Unio mardinensis Unio crassus Unio nanus Unio vicarius Unio desectus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 17 17 15 17 5 0 0 21.0
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Nodularia Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio terminalis Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio tumidiformis Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio damascensis Unio desectus Unio crassus Unio gontierii Unio bruguierianus Unio mardinensis Unio vicarius Unio carneus Unio nanus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 16 16 14 16 9 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio tumidus Unio damascensis Unio sesirmensis Unio bruguierianus Unio nanus Unio delicatus Unio terminalis Unio tigridis Unio hueti Unio ravoisieri Unio pictorum Unio eucirrus Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio foucauldianus Unio delphinus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 14 14 12 14 0 0 0 15.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio tumidiformis Unio sesirmensis Unio desectus Unio damascensis Unio ionicus Unio nanus Unio carneus Unio gontierii Unio crassus 1 Unio crassus 2 Unio crassus 3 Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus 1 Unio bruguierianus 2 Unio bruguierianus 3 Unio mardinensis

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 13 13 9 13 5 0 0 20.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio durieui Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio tumidiformis Unio desectus Unio 1 Unio ionicus Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio pictorum Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio ravoisieri Unio 2

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 12 12 10 12 2 0 0 21.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio gibbus Unio durieui Unio tumidus Unio Unio tumidiformis Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio ravoisieri Unio mancus Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum Unio caffer

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 11 11 9 11 6 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta cygnea Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio durieui Unio tumidiformis Unio Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio pictorum Unio ravoisieri

Prie et al., 2026 [Publ 4818], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 11 11 9 11 0 0 0 21.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidiformis Unio desectus Unio sesirmensis Unio ionicus Unio damascensis Unio gontierii Unio crassus Unio carneus Unio nanus Unio vicarius Unio bruguierianus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 10 10 8 10 0 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio bruguierianus Unio delicatus Unio terminalis Unio tigridis Unio hueti Unio pictorum Unio eucirrus Unio elongatulus Unio mancus

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 9 9 6 9 2 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Potomida Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio durieui Unio tumidiformis Unio crassus Unio Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio mancus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 9 9 5 9 8 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta cygnea Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio Unio tumidiformis Unio ravoisieri Unio mancus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio elongatulus

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 8 8 4 8 0 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio delphinus Unio foucauldianus Unio mancus Unio elongatulus Unio ravoisieri Unio pictorum Unio terminalis

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 6 7 4 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio tumidiformis Unio crassus Unio pictorum 1 Unio mancus Unio pictorum 2 Unio caffer

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 6 7 8 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta anatina Anodonta cygnea Pseudanodonta Unio tumidus Unio tumidiformis Unio 2 Unio 1 Unio delphinus Unio mancus Unio pictorum Unio caffer

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 7 0 0 0 22.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio sesirmensis Unio damascensis Unio crassus Unio Unio nanus

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 6 7 3 6 5 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Anodonta Unio pictorum 1 Unio pictorum 2 Unio mancus Unio tumidiformis Unio crassus

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 4 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio tumidiformis Unio crassus Unio pictorum 1 Unio pictorum 2 Unio mancus

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 8 0 0 21.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta cygnea Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Unio tumidus Unio tumidiformis Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio mancus Unio pictorum

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 89 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Pseudocuneopsis Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio mancus

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 3 6 89 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio elongatulus Unio delphinus Unio mancus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus lampreyanus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus xinyuensis Schistodesmus spinosus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 85 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Pseudocuneopsis Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio mancus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 85 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Pseudocuneopsis Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Unio mancus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 47 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio elongatulus Unio mancus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 35 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio elongatulus Unio mancus

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 81 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Pseudocuneopsis Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio elongatulus Unio mancus

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 4 6 46 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Unio mancus Unio elongatulus

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 5 1 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudunio Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum Unio mancus Unio elongatulus

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 4 5 1 0 0 27.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudunio Unio pictorum 2 Unio foucauldianus Unio delphinus Unio tigridis Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum 1

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 5 7 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Cristaria Sinanodonta Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio elongatulus Unio mancus Unio pictorum

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 5 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudanodonta Anodonta Unio crassus Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio mancus

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 0 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus Unio mancus

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 1 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Pronodularia Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio caffer Unio pictorum

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 5 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta anatina Anodonta cygnea Pseudanodonta Unio tumidus Unio Unio pictorum Unio mancus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 5 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio tumidus Unio Unio pictorum Unio mancus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 77 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 19 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 11 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio crassus Unio pictorum

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 2 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus Unio crassus

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 38 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 27 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 16 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 6 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 36 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 27 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 34 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 4 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio nanus Unio pictorum

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 197 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 52 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 195 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 197 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Acuticosta Alasmidonta Anodonta anatina Anemina Anodonta cygnea Cristaria Brachyanodon Lasmigona Lepidodesma Pseudanodonta Pyganodon Simpsonaias Strophitus Utterbackia Schistodesmus Scriptolamprotula Lanceolaria Pletholophus Sinanodonta Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Cuneopsis celtiformis Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis rufescens Nodularia Cuneopsis szechenyii Cuneopsis heudei

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 42 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 7 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Middendorffinaia Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio gibbus Unio nanus Unio pictorum

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 40 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 40 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 13 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Cuneopsis Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Nodularia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 4 118 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio gibbus Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Inversiunio

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 50 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Cuneopsis Schistodesmus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 44 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 14 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 44 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 69 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 69 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 64 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 34 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 69 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 81 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tongchuania Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 60 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio elongatulus Unio carneus Unio nanus Middendorffinaia Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 32 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 32 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Lanceolaria Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio delphinus

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 43 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 91 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio elongatulus Unio carneus Unio nanus Middendorffinaia Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 4 61 0 0 23.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio elongatulus Unio carneus Unio nanus Middendorffinaia Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 2 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Pseudanodonta Anodonta Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Unio crassus

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 0 3 4 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta cygnea Unio crassus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 4 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta cygnea Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 10 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta Pseudanodonta Platynaias Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 0 3 4 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus Anodonta cygnea Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 2 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio nanus Unio tumidus Unio pictorum

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio nanus Unio tumidus Unio pictorum

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio pictorum

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 4 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 5 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta anatina Sinanodonta Anodonta cygnea Pseudanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 5 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Anodonta Pseudanodonta Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Anodonta Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 15 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Lanceolaria Anodonta Pyganodon Pseudanodonta Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum Alathyria Pronodularia Sinohyriopsis Quadrula Parvaspina Lampsilis Epioblasma Venustaconcha

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 5 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Margaritifera Unio crassus Unio tumidus Unio pictorum

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 136 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus Scriptolamprotula Nodularia Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 136 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula Schistodesmus Nodularia Cuneopsis szechenyii Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis rufescens

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 3 10 0 3 122 0 0 32.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula Cuneopsis szechenyii Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis rufescens Nodularia douglasiae Nodularia nuxpersicae Schistodesmus Alasmidonta Anodonta anatina Anodonta cygnea Brachyanodon Lasmigona Pseudanodonta Pyganodon Simpsonaias Strophitus Sinanodonta lauta Cristaria plicata Cristaria radiata Pletholophus Sinanodonta lucida Sinanodonta jourdyi Lanceolaria gladiola Lanceolaria grayii Lanceolaria danzhouensis

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 7 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Anodonta Unio mancus Unio elongatulus Unio pictorum

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 79 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio pictorum

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 14 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio delphinus

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 3 5 3 3 3 0 0 26.0
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Unio tumidus Anodonta Pseudanodonta Unio crassus Unio pictorum

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 3 5 3 3 3 0 0 28.0
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Unio crassus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta Pseudanodonta

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 20 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 16 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Sinanodonta Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 16 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Sinanodonta Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 38 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 19 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 38 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 19 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 33 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 66 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Inversiunio Nodularia Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 66 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Inversiunio Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 66 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Nodularia Inversiunio Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio crassus Unio nanus

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 20 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio delphinus Unio nanus Sinanodonta Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 15 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio nanus Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus Scriptolamprotula Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis szechenyii Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis rufescens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus Scriptolamprotula Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis szechenyii Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis rufescens

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 53 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Unio crassus Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 10

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 9 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio mancus Unio pictorum

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 11

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 11 0 0 24.0
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio tumidus Unio mancus Unio pictorum

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 12

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 3 4 2 3 10 0 0 25.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio mancus Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Nodularia Amuranodonta Cristaria Beringiana Sinanodonta woodiana 2 Sinanodonta woodiana 1 Sinanodonta lauta Sinanodonta tumens Anodonta

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Anodonta Alasmidonta Lasmigona Strophitus Pyganodon Quadrula Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Amblema Ligumia Truncilla Ptychobranchus Sagittunio Lampsilis siliquoidea Epioblasma Ortmanniana Cambarunio Leaunio Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis fasciola

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Anodonta Alasmidonta Lasmigona Strophitus Pyganodon Quadrula Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Amblema Truncilla Ligumia Ptychobranchus Sagittunio Lampsilis siliquoidea Ortmanniana Lampsilis cardium Lampsilis fasciola Epioblasma Cambarunio Leaunio

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 32 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Gonidea Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Cumberlandia Margaritifera Toxolasma Amblema Glebula Cyrtonaias Potamilus Ortmanniana Ligumia Quadrula Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Pyganodon Anodonta Strophitus Mutela Anodontites guanarensis Anodontites trigona Monocondylaea Diplodon Echyridella Lortiella Castalia Velesunio

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 5 0 2 29 0 0 28.0
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta Strophitus Pyganodon Amblema Quadrula Eurynia Fusconaia Pleurobema Cyrtonaias Glebula Toxolasma Potamilus Ligumia Ortmanniana

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 16 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Alasmidonta Pyganodon

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 5 0 2 29 0 0 28.0
Cladomics cladogram Gonidea Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta Pyganodon Strophitus

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Pyganodon Anodonta Strophitus

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Anodonta Pyganodon Strophitus

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Lasmigona Alasmidonta Pyganodon Strophitus

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Lasmigona Alasmidonta Strophitus Pyganodon

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Lasmigona Alasmidonta Strophitus Pyganodon

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio caffer Lasmigona Alasmidonta Strophitus Pyganodon

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 7 5 2 23 0 0 31.0
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta cygnea Unio pictorum 2 Unio pictorum 1 Unio caffer Anodonta Lasmigona Strophitus Alasmidonta Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio pictorum Unio tumidus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio pictorum Unio tumidus

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Pyganodon Lasmigona Unio pictorum Unio caffer

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Pyganodon Lasmigona Unio pictorum Unio caffer

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio pictorum Unio ravoisieri

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio pictorum Unio ravoisieri

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio delphinus Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio nanus Unio tumidus

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio nanus Unio tumidus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 30 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Unio pictorum Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Nodularia

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Unio pictorum Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 37 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Unio tumidus Sinanodonta Anodonta Pyganodon Utterbackia Lasmigona Pterosyna Alasmidonta Strophitus Platynaias

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 8 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Utterbackia Unio delphinus Unio tumidus

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 9 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Unio tumidus Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 9 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Unio tumidus Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 17 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lanceolaria Unio mancus Unio elongatulus

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 6 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Sinanodonta Unio tumidus Unio pictorum Anodonta anatina Pseudanodonta Anodonta cygnea Anodonta exulcerata

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio nanus Inversiunio Middendorffinaia Nodularia

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 4 0 2 13 0 0 27.0
Cladomics cladogram Elliptio Lampsilis Anodonta Unio ravoisieri Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 9 0 2 13 0 0 32.0
Cladomics cladogram Triplodon Velesunio Hyridella Scriptolamprotula Lamprotula Lampsilis Potomida Unio pictorum Anodonta Unio ravoisieri Lamellidens Elliptio

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.000 2 4 0 2 14 0 0 27.0
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio pictorum Anodonta Unio ravoisieri Lamellidens

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Nodularia Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio tumidus Nodularia Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia Schistodesmus

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 39 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 39 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Unio delphinus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 42 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio nanus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 42 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Tchangsinaia Unio pictorum Unio nanus

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 15 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Unio delphinus Cristaria Amuranodonta Anemina Buldowskia Beringiana Pletholophus Acudonta Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 39 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio nanus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Cuneopsis Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Diaurora Schistodesmus

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 39 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Unio nanus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Pseudocuneopsis Cuneopsis Nodularia Diaurora Schistodesmus

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Elliptio Fusconaia Plectomerus Pleurobema Unio pictorum

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Gonidea Pyganodon grandis Utterbackia Pyganodon cataracta Lampsilis straminea Lampsilis teres Megalonaias Obliquaria Theliderma Quadrula Uniomerus Amblema Elliptio Fusconaia Plectomerus Pleurobema Unio pictorum

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Gonidea Pyganodon grandis Utterbackia Pyganodon cataracta Lampsilis straminea Lampsilis teres Megalonaias Obliquaria Theliderma Quadrula Uniomerus Amblema Elliptio Fusconaia Plectomerus Scriptolamprotula Unio pictorum

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio Anodonta Pseudanodonta

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio Elliptio Pyganodon Lampsilis

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Pyganodon

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Elliptio Lampsilis Unio ravoisieri

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio ravoisieri Anodonta

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio ravoisieri Anodonta

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio ravoisieri Anodonta Lampsilis

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio pictorum

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta cygnea Pyganodon Alasminota Anodonta anatina Unio tumidus Brachyanodon nuttalliana Brachyanodon californiensis Beringiana Sinanodonta Pseudodontoideus Alasmidonta Pterosyna Pseudanodonta Strophitus Prolasmidonta Platynaias Brachyanodon oregonensis 4 Brachyanodon oregonensis 3 Brachyanodon oregonensis 2 Brachyanodon oregonensis 1 Brachyanodon kennerlyi

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio Cumberlandia Pseudunio Margaritifera

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Nodularia

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Sinanodonta Cristaria Platynaias Pyganodon Utterbackia

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Unio pictorum Leoparreysia Nitia Coelatura aegyptiaca 2 Coelatura aegyptiaca 1 Coelatura gabonensis Coelatura kunenensis Prisodontopsis Coelatura choziensis 1 Coelatura choziensis 2 Coelatura luapulaensis 1 Coelatura luapulaensis 2 Coelatura luapulaensis 3 Coelatura luapulaensis 4 Coelatura luapulaensis 5

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Pyganodon Unio pictorum

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Aspatharia Margaritifera

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Velesunio

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Margaritifera

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Pyganodon Lasmigona

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Velesunio

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Velesunio Aspatharia Margaritifera

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Margaritifera

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Aspatharia Margaritifera

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Margaritifera margaritifera Margaritifera dahurica 1 Margaritifera dahurica 2 Pseudunio Cumberlandia Margaritifera falcata Margaritifera laevis Margaritifera middendorffi Margaritifera marrianae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Cumberlandia Pseudunio Margaritifera

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Nodularia Unio pictorum

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Schistodesmus Unio pictorum

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Nodularia

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Sinohyriopsis

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Scriptolamprotula Unio pictorum

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula Cristaria Sinanodonta Anodonta Platynaias Pyganodon Utterbackia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Anodonta Utterbackia Pyganodon

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lepidodesma Unio pictorum

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio delphinus

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Lampsilis Scabies

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scabies Lampsilis

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio ravoisieri Lampsilis

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 28 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lampsilis Unio pictorum

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lampsilis Unio pictorum

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Nodularia

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio gibbus Nodularia Tchangsinaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio gibbus Tchangsinaia Nodularia

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Anodonta

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio delphinus Anodonta

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Scriptolamprotula

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Tchangsinaia

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Cuneopsis Unio pictorum

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Margaritifera Unio pictorum

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 36 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 38 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Schistodesmus Nodularia Tchangsinaia

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio nanus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Cuneopsis Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula Cuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Pseudocuneopsis

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 23 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula Cuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Pseudocuneopsis

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 23 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Scriptolamprotula Cuneopsis Nodularia Schistodesmus Tchangsinaia Inversiunio Pseudocuneopsis

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 44 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Anodonta Unio crassus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Scriptolamprotula Anodonta Lepidodesma Middendorffinaia Inversiunio Cuneopsis Nodularia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Middendorffinaia Cuneopsis Nodularia Inversiunio Schistodesmus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio crassus Middendorffinaia Nodularia Cuneopsis Inversiunio Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio tumidus Pseudocuneopsis Nodularia Tchangsinaia Cuneopsis Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Lanceolaria Acuticosta Brachyanodon Globunio Pseudoacuticosta Huizhou

Lawrie et al., 2026 [Publ 4843], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Unio pictorum Castalia Triplodon Hyridella depressa Hyridella drapeta Hyridella australis Cucumerunio Westralunio Velesunio 6 Alathyria jacksoni 2 Alathyria profuga Velesunio ambiguus Velesunio 5 Alathyria pertexta 2 Velesunio 4 Alathyria jacksoni 1 Alathyria pertexta 1 Lortiella Velesunio 3 Microdontia Velesunio angasi Velesunio 1 Velesunio 2