Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Quadrulini | Quadrulina

genus Quadrula Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 Recent valid species (9 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5 (9 total)
analyzed in 191 cladograms in 115 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.26, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 35
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 2.4 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.6


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Quadrula cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Quadrula cladogram distances
NJ Tree


Cladograms

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 23 13 3 **
  +----------------- Theliderma        
--+                                    
  |  +-------------- Cyclonaias        
  +--+                                 
     |  +----------- Pustulosa         
     +--+                              
        |  +-------- Quadrula_nobilis **  
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Quadrula_fragosa **  
              +--+                     
                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.400 4 5 3 4 629 12 3 3.0
                 +-- Theliderma_johnsoni  
        +--------+                        
        |        +-- Theliderma_metanevra 
        |                                 
  +-----+        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **     
  |     |  +-----+                        
  |     |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |     +--+                              
  |        |  +----- Theliderma_cylindrica
  |        +--+                           
  |           |  +-- Quadrula_fragosa **     
--+           +--+                        
  |              +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                       
  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana 
  |  +--------+                           
  |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata   
  |  |        +--+                        
  +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana  
     |                                    
     |  +----------- Cyclonaias           
     |  |                                 
     +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa  
        |  +-----+                        
        |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa   
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata   
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Pustulosa_necki      
              +--+                        
                 +-- Pustulosa_petrina    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 3 3 1 3 99 6 3 3.0
  +----------- Theliderma          
  |                                
  |     +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
     |  |                          
     |  |  +-- Cyclonaias          
     +--+--+                       
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
        |                          
        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
        +--+                       
           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 3 8 5 3 99 6 3 8.0
  +-------------- Theliderma          
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |                                
  |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
  +--+  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
     |  |                             
     +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
        |  |                          
        |  |  +-- Cyclonaias          
        +--+--+                       
           |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
           |                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 3 8 6 3 70 6 3 8.0
  +----------------- Theliderma         
  |                                     
--+  +-------------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
  |  |                                  
  |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+  +--------+                      
     |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
     |  |                               
     +--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Cyclonaias         
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_succissa 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 3 9 6 3 70 6 3 9.0
  +----------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                     
  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
--+  +-----------+                      
  |  |           +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
     |  |                               
     |  +----------- Theliderma         
     +--+                               
        |        +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Cyclonaias         
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_succissa 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 3 14 12 3 25 11 3 14.0
                          +-- Megalonaias         
  +-----------------------+                       
  |                       +-- Uniomerus           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |                                            
  |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  +--+  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Theliderma          
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
           |  |        +--+                       
           +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
              |                                   
              |  +----------- Cyclonaias          
              |  |                                
              +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
                 |  +-----+                       
                 |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata  
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_necki     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_petrina   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 3 3 1 3 26 14 3 3.0
  +----------------------- Theliderma          
  |                                            
  |                 +----- Quadrula_quadrula **   
--+  +--------------+                          
  |  |              |  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
  |  |              +--+                       
  |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------------- Pustulosa_kieneriana
     |  |                                      
     |  |              +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
     +--+  +-----------+                       
        |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Cyclonaias          
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Pustulosa_necki     
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina   
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Pustulosa_nodulata  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 3 12 10 3 23 11 3 12.0
  +----------------------- Theliderma          
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |                                         
  |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  +--+  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
     |  |                                      
     |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
     +--+  +--------+                          
        |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
        |  |        +--+                       
        |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
        +--+                                   
           |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Cyclonaias          
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Pustulosa_necki     
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina   
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Pustulosa_nodulata  

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 26 10 2 3.0
  +----------- Theliderma        
--+                              
  |  +-------- Pustulosa         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
        +--+                     
           +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 13 11 3 26 10 2 13.0
  +----------- Megalonaias       
  |                              
--+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Theliderma        
        +--+                     
           +-- Pustulosa         

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 3 2 3 11 10 2 4.0
  +----------- Pustulosa           
--+                                
  |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula__1 **
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
        +--+                       
           +-- Quadrula_quadrula__2 **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 2 6 0 2 33 4 3 6.0
  +----------------- Megalonaias        
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +-------- Theliderma         
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Cyclonaias         
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_nodulata 

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 2 2 0 2 36 4 3 --
  +----------- Theliderma         
  |                               
--+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Cyclonaias         
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_nodulata 

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 2 2 0 2 14 10 3 --
  +-------------------- Theliderma          
  |                                         
  |                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula **   
--+  +--------------+                       
  |  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  |  |                                      
  |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana
  +--+  +--------+                          
     |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata  
     |  |        +--+                       
     |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana 
     +--+                                   
        |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa 
        |  +--------+                       
        |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa  
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Cyclonaias          
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Pustulosa_necki     
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata  
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Pustulosa_petrina   

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 2 5 0 2 103 3 3 6.0
  +----- Uniomerus             
  |                            
  |  +-- Cyclonaias            
--+  |                         
  |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__1
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Theliderma            
  +--+                         
     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__2
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 2 5 0 2 16 5 2 5.0
  +-------------- Theliderma          
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata  
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_kieneriana
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_succissa  

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 2 5 0 2 36 3 2 5.0
  +-------------- Uniomerus          
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina  
           +--+                      
              +-- Cyclonaias         

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 2 3 0 2 29 1 1 3.0
  +-------- Uniomerus         
--+                           
  |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Cyclonaias        
     +--+                     
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 --
                       +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  +--------------------+                     
  |                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Amblema           
  |  |                                       
  |  |              +----- Eurynia           
  +--+  +-----------+                        
     |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia         
     |  |           +--+                     
     |  |              +-- Pleurobema        
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------------- Obliquaria        
        |  |                                 
        |  +-------------- Truncilla         
        +--+                                 
           +-------------- Ptychobranchus    
           |                                 
           |  +----------- Ligumia           
           +--+                              
              |  +-------- Cambarunio        
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Epioblasma        
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Lampsilis         
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Ortmanniana       

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 --
  +----- Obliquaria        
--+                        
  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  +--+                     
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 --
  +----- Obliquaria        
--+                        
  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  +--+                     
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 --
  +----- Obliquaria        
--+                        
  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  +--+                     
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 23 0 0 --
                       +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +--------------------+                     
  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Gonidea           
  |  |                                       
  |  |              +----- Eurynia           
  +--+  +-----------+                        
     |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio        
     |  |           +--+                     
     |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus    
     +--+                                    
        |              +-- Amblema           
        |  +-----------+                     
        |  |           +-- Pleurobema        
        +--+                                 
           |  +----------- Truncilla         
           |  |                              
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis         
              |  +-----+                     
              |  |     +-- Epioblasma        
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Ligumia           
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Obliquaria        
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Ortmanniana       

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 79 0 0 --
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
--+                           
  |  +----- Elliptio          
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Pleurobema        
     +--+                     
        +-- Eurynia           

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 137 0 0 --
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
--+                           
  |  +----- Pleurobema        
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Eurynia           
     +--+                     
        +-- Elliptio          

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 137 0 0 --
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
--+                           
  |  +----- Pleurobema        
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Elliptio          
     +--+                     
        +-- Eurynia           

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.000 2 9 0 2 123 0 0 9.0
     +-- Amblema               
     |                         
     +-- Ortmanniana           
     |                         
     +-- Lampsilis             
     |                         
     +-- Cambarunio            
     |                         
  +--+-- Elliptio              
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Eurynia               
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema            
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
  |                            
  |  +-- Chamberlainia         
--+  |                         
  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis         
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata    
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii      
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Potomida              
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Pronodularia          
  |  |                         
  +--+-- Gonidea               
     |                         
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi  
     |                         
     +-- Leguminaia            
     |                         
     +-- Microcondylaea        
     |                         
     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
     |                         
     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
     |                         
     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 1 2 14 0 0 --
     +----- Toxolasma           
  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Venustaconcha       
  |  +--+                       
--+     +-- Lampsilis           
  |                             
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula__2 **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula__1 **
     +--+                       
        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 199 0 0 --
     +-- Megalonaias       
  +--+                     
  |  +-- Uniomerus         
--+                        
  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +--+                     
     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 197 0 0 --
     +-- Megalonaias       
  +--+                     
  |  +-- Uniomerus         
--+                        
  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +--+                     
     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 199 0 0 --
  +----------------- Chamberlainia         
  |                                        
  +----------------- Megalonaias           
  |                                        
  +----------------- Uniomerus             
  |                                        
  +----------------- Sinohyriopsis         
  |                                        
  |              +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  +--------------+                         
  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
  |                                        
  |           +----- Lamprotula            
  +-----------+                            
  |           |  +-- Potomida              
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Pronodularia          
  |                                        
  |           +----- Indopseudodon         
  |           |                            
  |           |  +-- Nyeinchanconcha       
  |           |  |                         
  +-----------+  +-- Thaiconcha            
  |           |  |                         
  |           |  +-- Sundadontina_cumingii 
  |           |  |                         
  |           |  +-- Sundadontina_tumida__1
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sundadontina_tumida__2
  |              |                         
  |              +-- Pseudodon             
  |              |                         
  |              +-- Pilsbryoconcha        
  |              |                         
  |              +-- Bineurus              
  |                                        
  |        +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
  |        |                               
  |        |  +----- Gonidea               
  |        +--+                            
  |        |  |  +-- Leguminaia            
  |        |  +--+                         
  |        |     +-- Microcondylaea        
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
  |        +--+                            
  |        |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
  |        |  +--+                         
  |        |     +-- Koreosolenaia         
  |        |                               
  |        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea 
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
  |                                        
  |              +-- Physunio_modelli      
  |              |                         
  |              +-- Physunio              
  |              |                         
  |        +-----+-- Physunio_superbus     
  |        |     |                         
  |        |     +-- Yaukthwa              
  |        |     |                         
  |        |     +-- Lens                  
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi   
  |        |  |                            
  |        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana   
  |        |  |                            
  |        |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai      
--+        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata     
  |           +--+                         
  |           |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis 
  |           |                            
  |           |  +-- Rectidens             
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Ensidens              
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amblema               
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Toxolasma             
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Obliquaria            
  |  +-----------+                         
  |  |           +-- Plectomerus           
  |  |                                     
  |  |  +----------- Elliptoideus          
  |  +--+                                  
  |  |  |  +-------- Elliptio              
  |  |  +--+                               
  |  |     |  +----- Eurynia               
  +--+     +--+                            
  |  |        |  +-- Fusconaia             
  |  |        +--+                         
  |  |           +-- Pleurobema            
  |  |                                     
  |  |        +----- Ellipsaria            
  |  |        |                            
  |  |        +----- Potamilus_leptodon    
  |  |        |                            
  |  |        +----- Medionidus            
  |  |        |                            
  |  |        +----- Potamilus_alatus      
  |  |        |                            
  |  |        +----- Ptychobranchus        
  |  +--------+                            
  |           +----- Truncilla             
  |           |                            
  |           +----- Venustaconcha         
  |           |                            
  |           +----- Cambarunio            
  |           |                            
  |           +----- Leaunio               
  |           |                            
  |           |  +-- Ortmanniana           
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Lampsilis             
  |                                        
  |        +-------- Acuticosta            
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Alasmidonta           
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Anodonta_anatina      
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Anemina               
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Anodonta_cygnea       
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Cristaria             
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Brachyanodon          
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Lasmigona             
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Lepidodesma           
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Pseudanodonta         
  |        |                               
  |        +-------- Pyganodon             
  |        |                               
  +--------+-------- Simpsonaias           
           |                               
           +-------- Strophitus            
           |                               
           +-------- Utterbackia           
           |                               
           +-------- Schistodesmus         
           |                               
           +-------- Unio                  
           |                               
           +-------- Scriptolamprotula     
           |                               
           +-------- Lanceolaria           
           |                               
           |     +-- Pletholophus          
           +-----+                         
           |     +-- Sinanodonta           
           |                               
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis 
           |  |                            
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia          
           |  |                            
           +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens   
              |                            
              +----- Nodularia             
              |                            
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii  
              +--+                         
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei      

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.000 2 15 0 2 13 0 0 16.0
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                          
  +-------------------- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |                                          
--+                 +-- Eurynia              
  |  +--------------+                        
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema           
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------- Amblema              
     |  |                                    
     |  |           +-- Obovaria             
     |  |  +--------+                        
     +--+  |        +-- Ortmanniana          
        |  |                                 
        |  |        +-- Obliquaria           
        |  +--------+                        
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
           |                                 
           |     +----- Lampsilis_radiata__2 
           |  +--+                           
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           |  |  +--+                        
           +--+     +-- Lampsilis_radiata__1 
              |                              
              |  +----- Lampsilis_virescens  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_straminea  

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 74 0 0 --
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
--+                           
  |  +----- Elliptio          
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Pleurobema        
     +--+                     
        +-- Eurynia           

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 74 0 0 --
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
--+                           
  |  +----- Pleurobema        
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Eurynia           
     +--+                     
        +-- Elliptio          

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 37 2 2 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Cyclonaias       
  +--+                    
     +-- Pustulosa        

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 41 5 2 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 41 5 2 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 42 5 2 --
           +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
--+                               
  |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 41 5 2 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 18 1 1 --
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 26 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Theliderma       

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Theliderma       

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Pleurobema         
  |                      
  +-- Unio               

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Scriptolamprotula  
  |                      
  +-- Unio               

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 2 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **
--+                   
  +-- Pustulosa       

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 13 2 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 2 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **
--+                   
  +-- Pustulosa       

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 13 2 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 2 0 1 32 1 1 --
  +-------- Megalonaias         
--+                             
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula__2 **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula__1 **
     +--+                       
        +-- Theliderma          

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 41 1 1 --
  +-- Pustulosa        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 1 1 --
  +-- Pustulosa        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                
--+-------------- Pustulosa        
  |                                
  |  +----------- Pleurobema       
  +--+                             
     |  +-------- Amblema          
     +--+                          
        |  +----- Obovaria         
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Ortmanniana      
           +--+                    
              +-- Lampsilis        

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Pustulosa        

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Eurynia          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Pleurobema       
     +--+                    
        +-- Fusconaia        

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Eurynia          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Pleurobema       
     +--+                    
        +-- Fusconaia        

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                       
--+  +-- Eurynia          
  |  |                    
  +--+-- Pleurobema       
     |                    
     +-- Fusconaia        

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Utterbackiana    

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Amblema                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Coelatura              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Eurynia                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Fusconaia              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Gonidea                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Pleurobema             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
--+                                            
  |        +----------- Ortmanniana            
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +-------- Glebula                
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +----- Potamilus              
  |           +--+                             
  |              |  +-- Ligumia                
  |              +--+                          
  |                 +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Cyrtonaias             
  |  |                                         
  |  |  +-------------- Unio                   
  +--+  |                                      
     |  |        +----- Pyganodon              
     |  |  +-----+                             
     +--+  |     |  +-- Anodonta               
        |  |     +--+                          
        |  |        +-- Strophitus             
        |  |                                   
        +--+     +----- Mutela                 
           |     |                             
           |  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
           |  |  |  |                          
           |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
           |  |     |                          
           +--+     +-- Monocondylaea          
              |                                
              |  +----- Diplodon               
              |  |                             
              |  +----- Echyridella            
              +--+                             
                 +----- Lortiella              
                 |                             
                 |  +-- Castalia               
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Velesunio              

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Eurynia          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Fusconaia        
     +--+                    
        +-- Pleurobema       

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
  +-------- Amblema          
  |                          
--+-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                          
  |  +----- Elliptio         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Fusconaia        
     +--+                    
        +-- Pleurobema       

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Eurynia          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Pleurobema       
     +--+                    
        +-- Fusconaia        

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                      
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema       
--+  |                                   
  |  |  +-------------- Eurynia          
  |  |  |                                
  +--+  |  +----------- Ortmanniana      
     |  +--+                             
     |  |  |  +-------- Glebula          
     |  |  +--+                          
     +--+     |  +----- Potamilus        
        |     +--+                       
        |        |  +-- Ligumia          
        |        +--+                    
        |           +-- Toxolasma        
        |                                
        |  +----------- Cyrtonaias       
        +--+                             
           |  +-------- Unio             
           +--+                          
              |  +----- Pyganodon        
              +--+                       
                 |  +-- Anodonta         
                 +--+                    
                    +-- Strophitus       

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Eurynia          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Fusconaia        
     +--+                    
        +-- Pleurobema       

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                          
--+     +-- Lasmigona        
  |  +--+                    
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Fusconaia        

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Amblema          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Truncilla        
     +--+                    
        +-- Lampsilis        

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                          
--+-------- Pleurobema       
  |                          
  |  +----- Amblema          
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Truncilla        

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                          
--+-------- Parvaspina       
  |                          
  |  +----- Lampsilis        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Epioblasma       
     +--+                    
        +-- Venustaconcha    

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Lampsilis        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
  +-- Eurynia          
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Eurynia          
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Amblema          
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Truncilla        

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema         
--+                   
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Venustaconcha    

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Venustaconcha    

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +----------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                   
--+  +-------------- Gonidea          
  |  |                                
  |  |     +-------- Pseudodontoideus 
  +--+  +--+                          
     |  |  |  +----- Lasmigona        
     |  |  +--+                       
     |  |     |  +-- Pterosyna        
     +--+     +--+                    
        |        +-- Arcidens         
        |                             
        |  +-------- Strophitus       
        |  |                          
        +--+     +-- Pyganodon        
           |  +--+                    
           |  |  +-- Utterbackia      
           +--+                       
              |  +-- Platynaias       
              +--+                    
                 +-- Alasmidonta      

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Amblema          
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Truncilla        

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Venustaconcha    

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
  +-- Cristaria        
  |                    
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Pyganodon        
  |                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Lampsilis        

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Lampsilis        

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Venustaconcha    

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Lampsilis        

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Lampsilis        

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Lampsilis        

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Venustaconcha    

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Venustaconcha    

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Lampsilis        

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
  +-- Fusconaia        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Toxolasma        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                             
--+        +-- Pronodularia     
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Sinosolenaia     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Pyganodon        
        +--+                    
           +-- Utterbackia      

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Pronodularia     
  +--+                    
     +-- Sinosolenaia     

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                             
--+  +-------- Venustaconcha    
  |  |                          
  +--+     +-- Utterbackia      
     |  +--+                    
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Pronodularia     
        +--+                    
           +-- Sinosolenaia     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 31 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Venustaconcha    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Venustaconcha    

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 --
  +-- Venustaconcha    
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 81 0 0 --
  +-- Lamprotula       
  |                    
  +-- Potomida         
  |                    
  +-- Pronodularia     
  |                    
  +-- Gonidea          
  |                    
  +-- Leguminaia       
  |                    
  +-- Microcondylaea   
  |                    
--+-- Amblema          
  |                    
  +-- Ortmanniana      
  |                    
  +-- Lampsilis        
  |                    
  +-- Cambarunio       
  |                    
  +-- Elliptio         
  |                    
  +-- Pleurobema       
  |                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 41 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Venustaconcha    

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Potamilus        

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Uniomerus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Megalonaias      

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +----------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                                   
  |                          +-- Amblema              
  +--------------------------+                        
  |                          +-- Obovaria             
  |                                                   
  |                    +-------- Pleurobema           
  +--------------------+                              
  |                    |  +----- Fusconaia            
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       |  +-- Elliptio             
  |                       +--+                        
--+                          +-- Eurynia              
  |                                                   
  |                          +-- Potomida             
  |                 +--------+                        
  |                 |        +-- Lamprotula           
  |  +--------------+                                 
  |  |              |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata
  |  |              |  |                              
  |  |              +--+  +----- Gonidea              
  |  |                 |  |                           
  |  |                 +--+----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
  |  |                    |                           
  |  |                    |  +-- Parvasolenaia        
  +--+                    +--+                        
     |                       +-- Ptychorhynchus       
     |                                                
     |  +----------------------- Sinohyriopsis        
     |  |                                             
     |  |  +-------------------- Lepidodesma          
     |  |  |                                          
     |  |  |        +----------- Scriptolamprotula    
     +--+  |        |                                 
        |  +--------+  +-------- Unio                 
        |  |        |  |                              
        |  |        +--+     +-- Nodularia            
        |  |           |  +--+                        
        |  |           |  |  +-- Schistodesmus        
        +--+           +--+                           
           |              |  +-- Tchangsinaia         
           |              +--+                        
           |                 +-- Cuneopsis            
           |                                          
           |                 +-- Acuticosta           
           |  +--------------+                        
           |  |              +-- Lanceolaria          
           |  |                                       
           |  |              +-- Anemina              
           +--+              |                        
              |  +-----------+-- Cristaria            
              |  |           |                        
              |  |           +-- Sinanodonta          
              +--+                                    
                 |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea      
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
                    |  |                              
                    +--+  +----- Strophitus           
                       |  |                           
                       +--+  +-- Platynaias           
                          |  |                        
                          +--+-- Alasmidonta          
                             |                        
                             +-- Pyganodon            

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Venustaconcha    
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Lampsilis        

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Lampsilis        

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Venustaconcha    

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Venustaconcha    
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 37 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lampsilis        
     +--+                    
        +-- Potamilus        

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Lampsilis        

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Potamilus        

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Venustaconcha    

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 32 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Venustaconcha    

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Potamilus        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lampsilis        
        +--+                    
           +-- Venustaconcha    

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-------------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                                                              
  |                                   +-- Amblema                
--+  +--------------------------------+                          
  |  |                                +-- Reginaia               
  |  |                                                           
  +--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus            
     |  |                                                        
     |  |  +----------------------------- Toxolasma              
     +--+  |                                                     
        |  |                       +----- Popenaias              
        |  |  +--------------------+                             
        +--+  |                    |  +-- Glebula                
           |  |                    +--+                          
           |  |                       +-- Cyrtonaias             
           |  |                                                  
           +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria             
              |  |                                               
              |  |                    +-- Medionidus             
              |  |                 +--+                          
              |  |                 |  +-- Lemiox                 
              +--+  +--------------+                             
                 |  |              |  +-- Cyprogenia             
                 |  |              +--+                          
                 |  |                 +-- Ptychobranchus         
                 |  |                                            
                 +--+           +-------- Potamilus              
                    |  +--------+                                
                    |  |        |  +----- Atlanticoncha          
                    |  |        +--+                             
                    |  |           |  +-- Ellipsaria             
                    |  |           +--+                          
                    +--+              +-- Truncilla              
                       |                                         
                       |              +-- Hamiota                
                       |  +-----------+                          
                       |  |           +-- Villosa                
                       |  |                                      
                       +--+  +----------- Ligumia                
                          |  |                                   
                          |  |     +----- Venustaconcha          
                          +--+  +--+                             
                             |  |  |  +-- Obovaria               
                             |  |  +--+                          
                             +--+     +-- Epioblasma             
                                |                                
                                |  +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
                                +--+                             
                                   |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                                   +--+                          
                                      +-- Lampsilis              

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Potamilus        

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Potamilus        

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Toxolasma        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Potamilus        

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Potamilus        

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 121 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema          
  |                    
  +-- Elliptio         
--+                    
  +-- Lampsilis        
  |                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +-- Amblema          
  |                    
  +-- Ortmanniana      
  |                    
  +-- Lampsilis        
  |                    
--+-- Cambarunio       
  |                    
  +-- Elliptio         
  |                    
  +-- Pleurobema       
  |                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 53 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Venustaconcha    
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 --
  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                         
--+  +-------------------- Reginaia         
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------------- Amblema          
     |  |                                   
     |  |              +-- Popenaias        
     +--+  +-----------+                    
        |  |           +-- Psoronaias       
        |  |                                
        +--+           +-- Glebula          
           |  +--------+                    
           |  |        +-- Cyrtonaias       
           |  |                             
           +--+  +-------- Potamilus        
              |  |                          
              |  |     +-- Ptychobranchus   
              +--+  +--+                    
                 |  |  +-- Truncilla        
                 |  |                       
                 |  |  +-- Ortmanniana      
                 +--+  |                    
                    |  +-- Epioblasma       
                    |  |                    
                    |  +-- Lampsilis        
                    |  |                    
                    +--+-- Ligumia          
                       |                    
                       +-- Cambarunio       
                       |                    
                       +-- Pachynaias       
                       |                    
                       +-- Mesonaias        

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 --
  +----------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                                     
--+  +-------------------------------- Reginaia         
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +----------------------------- Amblema          
     |  |                                               
     +--+                          +-- Popenaias        
        |  +-----------------------+                    
        |  |                       +-- Psoronaias       
        +--+                                            
           |  +----------------------- Cyrtonaias       
           |  |                                         
           +--+  +-------------------- Ptychobranchus   
              |  |                                      
              +--+  +----------------- Ligumia          
                 |  |                                   
                 +--+  +-------------- Potamilus        
                    |  |                                
                    +--+  +----------- Pachynaias       
                       |  |                             
                       |  |        +-- Epioblasma       
                       +--+  +-----+                    
                          |  |     +-- Truncilla        
                          |  |                          
                          +--+     +-- Mesonaias        
                             |  +--+                    
                             |  |  +-- Cambarunio       
                             +--+                       
                                |  +-- Ortmanniana      
                                +--+                    
                                   +-- Lampsilis        

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 --
  +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                            
  |                       +-- Pleurobema       
--+  +--------------------+                    
  |  |                    +-- Elliptoideus     
  |  |                                         
  |  |                 +----- Reginaia         
  +--+  +--------------+                       
     |  |              |  +-- Amblema          
     |  |              +--+                    
     |  |                 +-- Plectomerus      
     +--+                                      
        |                 +-- Popenaias        
        |  +--------------+                    
        |  |              +-- Psoronaias       
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------------- Obliquaria       
           |  |                                
           +--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias       
              |  |                             
              |  |        +-- Pachynaias       
              +--+  +-----+                    
                 |  |     +-- Lampsilis        
                 |  |                          
                 +--+     +-- Ellipsaria       
                    |  +--+                    
                    |  |  +-- Truncilla        
                    +--+                       
                       |  +-- Atlanticoncha    
                       +--+                    
                          +-- Potamilus        

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 --
  +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                            
  |                       +-- Pleurobema       
--+  +--------------------+                    
  |  |                    +-- Elliptoideus     
  |  |                                         
  |  |                 +----- Reginaia         
  +--+  +--------------+                       
     |  |              |  +-- Amblema          
     |  |              +--+                    
     |  |                 +-- Plectomerus      
     +--+                                      
        |                 +-- Popenaias        
        |  +--------------+                    
        |  |              +-- Psoronaias       
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------------- Obliquaria       
           |  |                                
           +--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias       
              |  |                             
              |  |        +-- Pachynaias       
              +--+  +-----+                    
                 |  |     +-- Lampsilis        
                 |  |                          
                 +--+     +-- Ellipsaria       
                    |  +--+                    
                    |  |  +-- Truncilla        
                    +--+                       
                       |  +-- Atlanticoncha    
                       +--+                    
                          +-- Potamilus        

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
  +----------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  |                                   
--+  +-------------- Elliptoideus     
  |  |                                
  +--+  +----------- Elliptio         
     |  |                             
     |  +----------- Plethobasus      
     +--+                             
        |  +-------- Parvaspina       
        |  |                          
        |  |     +-- Hemistena        
        +--+-----+                    
           |     +-- Eurynia          
           |                          
           |  +----- Fusconaia        
           +--+                       
              |  +-- Pleuronaia       
              +--+                    
                 +-- Pleurobema       

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Toxolasma        
  +--+                    
     +-- Venustaconcha    

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Toxolasma            
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Potamilus            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                        
              +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
  +-- Uniomerus        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Toxolasma        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Potamilus        
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Venustaconcha    
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Potamilus        

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                                
  |  +----------- Elliptio         
  +--+                             
     |  +-------- Obliquaria       
     +--+                          
        |  +----- Potamilus        
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Lampsilis        
           +--+                    
              +-- Truncilla        

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +-- Uniomerus        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +-- Uniomerus        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 67 0 0 --
  +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                                
--+  +----------------------- Pleurobema           
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Amblema              
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +----------------- Popenaias            
        |  |                                       
        +--+  +-------------- Toxolasma            
           |  |                                    
           +--+  +----------- Potamilus            
              |  |                                 
              +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
                 |  +-----+                        
                 |  |     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Venustaconcha        
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Elliptio         

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 0 0 --
  +-- Uniomerus        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 36 0 0 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Toxolasma            
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Potamilus            
     |  |                              
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                        
              +-- Venustaconcha        

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 38 0 0 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Toxolasma            
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Potamilus            
     |  |                              
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                        
              +-- Venustaconcha        

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                          
  |  +----- Potamilus        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                    
        +-- Lampsilis        

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
  +----------------- Quadrula_quadrula **        
  |                                           
  |           +----- Reginaia                 
--+  +--------+                               
  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria                 
  |  |        +--+                            
  |  |           +-- Lampsilis                
  +--+                                        
     |        +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum   
     |  +-----+                               
     |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme      
     |  |     +--+                            
     +--+        +-- Fusconaia                
        |                                     
        |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum       
        +--+                                  
           |  +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
           +--+                               
              |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum    
              +--+                            
                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 --
  +-- Elliptio         
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                       
  |  +-- Venustaconcha    
  +--+                    
     +-- Lampsilis        

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 74 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                                      
  |  +----------------- Lanceolaria      
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------------- Anodonta         
     +--+                                
        |  +----------- Cristaria        
        +--+                             
           |  +-------- Anemina          
           +--+                          
              |  +----- Beringiana       
              +--+                       
                 |  +-- Mimo             
                 +--+                    
                    +-- Sinanodonta      

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 86 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 51 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 84 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-- Lampsilis        
--+                    
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Lampsilis        

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Potamilus        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Ortmanniana      
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Potamilus        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Ortmanniana      
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis        

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 139 0 0 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                    
  +-- Uniomerus        

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **
--+                             
  |  +-------- Potamilus        
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Venustaconcha    
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Ortmanniana      
        +--+                    
           +-- Lampsilis