species Ortmanniana ligamentina (Lamarck, 1819): synonymy

Unio crassus Say, 1817

Lister, 1685. Conch.: pl. 150, fig. 5.
Bruguière, 1797. Encycl. Méth. 2: pl. 249, fig. 1 [as Unio sp.].
‘LeSueur’ Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [11], pl. 1, fig. 8.
‘LeSueur’ Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [16], pl. 1, fig. 8.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 49.
(homonym of Unio crassus Philipsson in Retzius, 1788)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ligamentinus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis ligamentinus — Vanatta (1915)
Actinonaias carinata — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Actinonaias carinatus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Actinonaias carinata carinata — Burch (1975)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Actinonaias ligamentina ligamentina — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio crassidens Lamarck, 1819

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 71, sp. 3, var. c. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio crassidens Lamarck, 1819)

Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1969)

Unio ligamentina Lamarck, 1819

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 72, sp. 7.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MNHN_MPL_0039, rapporte de l’Ohio.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ligamentinus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis ligamentina — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909)
Nephronaias ligamentina — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis ligamentinus — Vanatta (1915)
Actinonaias carinata — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Mathiak (1979)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Actinonaias carinatus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Unio ligamentinus — Henderson (1935)
Actinonaias carinata carinata — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1969), R.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Cummings & Mayer (1992), Williams et al. (1993), ... Gasparini et al. (2020), FMCS (2021), Walters et al. (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022), Hopper et al. (2023)
Ellipsaria ligamentina — Morrison (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina carinata — Oesch (1984)
Actinonaias ligamentina ligamentina — Watters et al. (2009)
Ortmanniana ligamentina — Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Lor et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Stodola et al. (2021), Layer et al. (2022), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Ortmanniana (Actinonaias) ligamentina — Porto-Hannes et al. (2021)

Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus fasciatus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 294.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 22, 40.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20222, Kentucky River.

Lampsilis ligamentinus — Vanatta (1915)
Actinonaias carinata — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) fasciata — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Ligumia siliquoidea siliquoidea — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis siliquoidea — Vidrine (1993)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio (Elliptio) fasciata var. alternata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 294.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 40.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820)

Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio (Elliptio) fasciata var. cuprea Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 294.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 40.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820)

Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio (Elliptio) fasciata var. nigrofasciata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 294.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 40.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820)

Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio carinatus Barnes, 1823

Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 259, pl. 11, figs. 10a-b.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Actinonaias carinata — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Gordon et al. (1979), Mathiak (1979), Davis & Fuller (1981), Graf & Ó Foighil (2000), Graf & Cummings (2006), Jadhav & Jamkhedkar (2009), Hoeh et al. (2009)
Actinonaias carinatus — Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (sec. Ortmanniana) carinata — Thiele (1934)
Actinonaias carinata carinata — Murray & Leonard (1962), Burch (1975), ITIS (2012)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata carinata — Haas (1969)
Ellipsaria ligamentina — Morrison (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1980), Vidrine (1993), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Zieritz et al. (2015)
Actinonaias ligamentina carinata — Oesch (1984), Watters et al. (2009)
Ortmanniana ligamentina — Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio ellipticus Barnes, 1823

Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 259, pl. 13, figs. 19a-d.
(homonym of Unio (Aximedia) elliptica Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Actinonaias carinata — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Actinonaias carinatus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata carinata — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias carinata carinata — Burch (1975)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Mya gravis Wood, 1828

Wood, 1828. Suppl. Index Testac.: 3, pl. 1, sp. 6.
Hanley in Wood & Hanley, 1856. Index Testac.: 199, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata carinata — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Obliquaria pallens Rafinesque, 1831

Rafinesque, 1831. Continuation: 3.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 76.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20240, [no locality available - North America].

Lampsilis ligamentinus — Vanatta (1915)

Obliquaria (Sintoxia) calendis Rafinesque, 1831

Rafinesque, 1831. Continuation: 3.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 75.

Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata-calendis — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata calendis — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio ellipsarius Say, 1834

‘Rafinesque’ Say, 1834. Amer. Conch. 6: 224.
(misidentified reference to Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) ellipsaria Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata carinata — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio fasciatus Conrad, 1835

‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1835. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(1): 3, pl. 1.
‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 249.
(reference to Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)

Unio callosus Lea, 1841

Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 31.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 239 [77], pl. 23, fig. 54.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) AMNH_30561, Ohio Canal, 12 mi below Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) callosus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (Simonaias) callosus — Martens (1900)
Elliptio (Sphenonaias) callosus — Frierson (1927)
Nephronaias (Sphenonaias) mexicana — Haas (1969)
Sphenonaias callosa — Graf & Cummings (2007), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Inoue et al. (2020)

Unio pinguis Lea, 1857

Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 84.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 78, pl. 15, fig. 58.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85008, St. Peters River, Upper Mississippi.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) pinguis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata-pinguis — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata pinguis — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Vidrine (1993), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Unio delodontus Sowerby, 1867

‘Lamarck’ Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 57, sp. 288.
(misidentified reference to Unio delodonta Lamarck, 1819)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio crassidens Sowerby, 1868

‘Lamarck’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 62, sp. 312.
(reference to Unio crassidens Lamarck, 1819)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio ligamentinoides Lea, 1868

Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 164.

Unio ligamentinus — Henderson (1935)

Unio upsonii Marsh, 1887

Marsh, 1887. Conch. Exchange 1(9-10): 51.
Type(s): SYNTYPE MCZ_5551, Kishwaukee River, Winnebago Co., Illinois.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata-upsoni — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata upsonii — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentina var. gibbus Simpson, 1900

Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 540.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 82.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ligamentina Lamarck, 1819)
Type(s): SYNTYPE USNM_160597, Black Rock, Arkansas.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus var. gibbus — Simpson (1900)
Nephronaias ligamentina — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina var. gibba — Simpson (1914)
Nephronaias ligamentina gibba — Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918)
Actinonaias carinata var. gibba — Ortmann (1924)
Actinonaias carinatus gibba — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata-calendis — Frierson (1927)
Actinonaias carinata gibba — Murray & Leonard (1962), Burch (1975), Gordon et al. (1979), ITIS (2012)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata calendis — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1980), Vidrine (1993), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Actinonaias ligamentina ligamentina — Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina var. nigrescens Simpson, 1914

Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 82.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ligamentina Lamarck, 1819)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_150410 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 15), Kankakee R., Ill.

Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina var. nigrescens — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata carinata — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)

Lampsilis (s.s.) sowerbyana Frierson, 1927

‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 63, sp. 316 [as ‘Unio pictus’].
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 69, sp. 308.

Lampsilis (s.s.) sowerbyana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Actinonaias pectorosa — R.I. Johnson (1980)

Actinonaias carinata orbis Morrison, 1942

Morrison, 1942. Bulletin Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 129: 361.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio carinatus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84998, Florence, Alabama.

Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata orbis — Haas (1969)
Actinonaias ligamentina — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Actinonaias ligamentina carinata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio cariosus Wood, 1828

Wood, 1828. Suppl. Index Testac.: 57, pl. 1, sp. 6.
(misidentified reference to Unio cariosus Say, 1817)

Unio luteolus Sowerby, 1867

‘Lamarck’ Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 58, fig. 293a. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio luteola Lamarck, 1819)

Lampsilis (Eurynia) luteola — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio pictus Sowerby, 1868

‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 63, sp. 316.
(misidentified reference to Unio pictus Lea, 1834)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) sowerbyana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Actinonaias pectorosa — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio venustus Sowerby, 1868

‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 64, sp. 326.
(misidentified reference to Unio venustus Lea, 1838)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) ligamentinus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) ligamentina — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ortmanniana) carinata — Frierson (1927)
Venustaconcha ellipsiformis pleasii — Oesch (1984)
Actinonaias ligamentina — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio elypticus Haas, 1930

‘Say’ Haas, 1930. Senckenbergiana 12(6): 328. [MS]
(intro'd as syn of Unio (Elliptio) fasciata Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (Ligumia) fasciata — Haas (1930)