species Quadrula verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy

Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus verrucosus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1819. Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 426 [as ‘U. (Plagiola) verrucosa’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 304, pl. 81, figs. 10-12 [also as ‘U. verrucosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 23, 29, 48.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20235, Ohio River.

Quadrula verrucosa — Utterback (1915), Ortmann (1918), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), ... Jeratthitikul et al. (2022), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Keogh et al. (2024), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Vanatta (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Haas (1969), Burch (1975), ... Porto-Hannes et al. (2021), FMCS (2021), de Moulpied et al. (2022), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosa — Frierson (1927)

Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823

(renamed Quadrula tritogonia Ortmann, 1909)
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 125, pl. 7, figs. 8a-b.

Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914), Thiele (1934)
Unio (s.s.) tuberculatus — Call (1900)
Quadrula tritogonia — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Quadrula tuberculata — Ortmann (1912)
Unio tuberculatus — de Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula verrucosa — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Williams et al. (2008)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Vanatta (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1980), Oesch (1984), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosa — Frierson (1927)

Unio verrucosus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(reference to Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
‘Rafinesque’ Say, 1834. Amer. Conch. 6: ??.
‘Rafinesque’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 1, sp. 4.

Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Cyclonaias) tuberculata — Haas (1930)
Tritogonia verrucosus — Haas (1969)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Howells et al. (1996), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio (Theliderma) pustulata Swainson, 1840

(homonym of Unio pustulatus Lea, 1831)
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 271, fig. 54d; 273.

Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula tritogonia — Ortmann (1909)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosa — Frierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Haas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosa — Williams et al. (2008)

Unio gigas Sowerby, 1867

(misidentified reference to Unio gigas Swainson, 1824)
‘Swainson’ Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 56, sp. 287.
Type(s): MANUSCRIPT NAME BMNH_1968861, River Ohio.

Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) multiplicatus — Call (1900)
Quadrula tritogonia — Ortmann (1909)
Hyriopsis cumingii — Haas (1924)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosa — Frierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Haas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio conjugans B.H. Wright, 1899

B.H. Wright, 1899. Nautilus 13(8): 89.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 52: 79, pl. 4, fig. 1.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_159501, Hiawassa River, Polk Co., Tenn.

Tritogonia conjugans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula verrucosa — Ortmann (1918), Williams et al. (2008)
Quadrula (s.s.) conjugans — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula conjugans — Haas (1969)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Tritogonia tuberculata var. obesa Simpson, 1900

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 609.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 320.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_125669 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 16), Neches River, Big Eddy, Texas.

Tritogonia tuberculata var. obesa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula-aspera — Frierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Haas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula tritogonia Ortmann, 1909

(new name for Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)
Ortmann, 1909. Nautilus 22(10): 101.
Ortmann, 1909. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 5: 193.

Quadrula tritogonia — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1914)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosa — Williams et al. (2008)

Quadrula parkeri Geiser, 1911

Geiser, 1911. The Academician 1: 15.

Tritogonia tuberculata — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosa — Frierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosa — Haas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosa — Williams et al. (2008)

Unio tuberculatus var. supraspeciosus de Gregorio, 1914

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 42, pl. 6, figs. 2a-d [as ‘supra speciosus’].

Unio tuberculatus var. supra speciosus — de Gregorio (1914)

Unio (Theliderma) pustululata Lopes-Lima et al., 2019

(error for Unio (Theliderma) pustulata Swainson, 1840)
‘Swainson’ Lopes-Lima et al., 2019. Zool. Scripta 48(3): 7 [Suppl. Appendix 2].