species Amblema plicata (Say, 1817): synonymy

Unio plicata Say, 1817

‘LeSueur’ Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [12].
‘LeSueur’ Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [17].
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 50.
NEOTYPE SMF_4305, Ohio, U.S.A.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) plicatus — Call (1900)
Crenodonta plicata — Ortmann (1912)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema plicata — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Modell (1942), Heard & Guckert (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), ... Chen et al. (2025), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026), Wu et al. (2026), Barraza et al. (2026)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Crenodonta peruviana peruviana — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Amblema plicata plicata — Haas (1969), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Watters et al. (2009)
Amblema plicatus — Mackie et al. (1980)
Amblema p. plicata — Hoke (2005)

Unio peruviana Lamarck, 1819

Bruguière, 1797. Encycl. Méth. 2: pl. 248, fig. 7 [as Unio sp.].
Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 71, sp. 4.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema peruviana — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928)
Amblema costata — Ortmann (1925)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata — Frierson (1927)
Crenodonta peruviana peruviana — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Amblema plicata plicata — Haas (1969), Watters et al. (2009)
Amblema plicata — Burch (1975), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)

Unio rariplicata Lamarck, 1819

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 71, sp. 5.
HOLOTYPE MNHN_MPL_0037, Habite la rivière de l’Ohio. Michaud.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema rariplicata — Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Morrison (1966)
Amblema plicata — Ortmann & Walker (1922), R.I. Johnson (1969), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata plicata — Haas (1969), Watters et al. (2009)

Amblema costata Rafinesque, 1820

Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 315, pl. 82, figs. 13-14 [also as ‘Unio costata’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 58.
LECTOTYPE ANSP_20246, small creeks, Kentucky.

Amblema (plicata) costata — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula costata — Vanatta (1915)
Amblema plicata costata — Ortmann (1918), Haas (1969)
Amblema costata — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Thiele (1934), MacNeil (1935), ITIS (2012)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-costata — Frierson (1927)
Crenodonta peruviana costata — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Heard & Guckert (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Oesch (1984), ... Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf & Cummings (2007), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio undulatus Barnes, 1823

(homonym of Unio undulata Say, 1817)
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 120, pl. 2, fig. 2a-b.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) undulatus — Call (1900)
Quadrula undulata — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Crenodonta undulata — Ortmann (1912)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata — Simpson (1914)
Unio undulatus — de Gregorio (1914)
Amblema (plicata) costata — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula costata — Vanatta (1915)
Megalonaias gigantea — Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928), Burch (1975)
Amblema costata — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Amblema (Megalonaias) gigantea — Frierson (1927)
Crenodonta peruviana costata — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Amblema plicata — R.I. Johnson (1980), Oesch (1984), Vidrine (1993), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Megalonaias nervosa — Howells et al. (1996), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio costatus ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(reference to Amblema costata Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(2): pl. 17, fig. 7.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 4, sp. 16.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema plicata — He & Zhuang (2013)

Unio perplicatus Conrad, 1841

Conrad, 1841. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1: 19.
Conrad, 1850. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1: 276, pl. 38, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 261 [as ‘Plectomerus perplicatus’].
HOLOTYPE ANSP_129919, Jackson, Miss.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Crenodonta perplicata — Ortmann (1912), Ortmann (1914)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema perplicata — Utterback (1915), Davis & Fuller (1981), Lydeard et al. (1996), Krebs et al. (2003)
Amblema perplicatus — Ortmann (1923)
Amblema costata — Ortmann (1924)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013), Patterson et al. (2021)
Amblema plicata perplicata — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Watters et al. (2009)
Amblema elliottii — Mulvey et al. (1997)

Unio hippopoeus Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 163 [as ‘hippopœus’].
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 67 [41], pl. 1, fig. 1 [as ‘hippopœus’].
HOLOTYPE USNM_84096, L. Erie.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata var. hippopæa [sic] — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula hippopæa [sic] — Ortmann (1909)
Quadrula undulata hippopæa [sic] — Ortmann (1909)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata var. hippopæa [sic] — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-hippopaea [sic] — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio atrocostatus Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 163.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 70 [44], pl. 2, fig. 5 [as ‘atro-costatus’].

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Megalonaias nervosa — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio latecostatus Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 163.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 68 [42], pl. 1, fig. 2.
POSSIBLE SYNTYPE ANSP_127444, Ala. River, Selma, Alabama.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata var. latecostata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata var. latecostata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-costata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata — Howells et al. (1996), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)

Unio hippopaeus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio hippopoeus Lea, 1845)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 21 [as ‘hippopæus’].
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 261 [as ‘hippopæus’].
Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 497 [as ‘hippopæus’].
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 40 [as ‘hippopæus’].
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 31 [as ‘hippopæus’].
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [3], [as ‘hippopæus’].
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 767 [as ‘hippopæa’].
Ortmann, 1909. Nautilus 22(10): 101 [as ‘Q. hippopæa’].
Ortmann, 1909. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 5: 203 [as ‘Quadrula undulata hippopæa’].
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 816 [as ‘hippopæa’].
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 61.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 287.
Clarke, 1973. Malacologia 13(1-2): 35.
Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 165.
Strayer & Jirka, 1997. Pearly Mussels NY (26): 98.
He & Zhuang, 2013. Freshwater Bivalves China: 27.

Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio pearlensis Conrad, 1855

Conrad, 1855. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 7: 256.
LECTOTYPE ANSP_129918, Pearl River, Miss.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio plicatus ‘Say’ of Authors

(reference to Unio plicata Say, 1817)
‘Say’ of Authors.
Küster, 1856. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 137, pl. 40, fig. 3.
Chenu, 1859. Manuel Conchyl. 2: 143, pl. 706.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Vidrine (1993)
Amblema plicata — He & Zhuang (2013)

Unio laticostatus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio latecostatus Lea, 1845)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 497.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 31.
Singley, 1893. Geol. Surv. Texas (1892): 317.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata var. latecostata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata var. latecostata — Simpson (1914)

Unio perlensis ‘Conrad’ of Authors

(error for Unio pearlensis Conrad, 1855)
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 11, sp. 42.
Paetel, 1890. Cat. Conch.-Samml. 3: 163.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio brazosensis Lea, 1868

Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 144.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 309 [69], pl. 48, fig. 122.
FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84110, Brazos River, Tex.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio lincecumii Lea, 1868

Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 144.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 312 [72], pl. 49, fig. 125.
FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84112, Dallas Co., Texas.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio pauciplicatus Lea, 1872

Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 156.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 29 [33], pl. 9, fig. 26.
FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84111, Austin, Texas.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-perplicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio quintardii Cragin, 1887

Cragin, 1887. Bull. Washburn Coll. 2: 6.
HOLOTYPE ANSP_63304, Sac & Fox Reservation, Oklahoma.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata var. quintardii — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata var. quintardii — Simpson (1914)
Amblema perplicata quintardi — Utterback (1915)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-quintardi — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio pilsbryi Marsh, 1891

Marsh, 1891. Nautilus 5(1): 1.
Pilsbry, 1892. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 44: 131, pl. 8, figs. 7-8.
Pilsbry, 1893. Nautilus 7(1): pl. 1, figs. 7-8.
HOLOTYPE ANSP_41589, Little Red River, Ark.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata var. pilsbryi — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata var. pilsbryi — Simpson (1914)
Amblema perplicata quintardi — Utterback (1915)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata-pilsbryi — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Cokeria southalli Marshall, 1916

Marshall, 1916. Nautilus 29: 133.
HOLOTYPE USNM_215130, James R., Huron, South Dakota.

Amblema (s.s.) plicata-southalli — Frierson (1927)
Amblema costata — Thiele (1934)
Amblema plicata costata — Haas (1969)
Cokeria southalli — Haas (1969)
Amblema plicata — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio undulatus Desh. of Authors

(reference to Unio undulatus Barnes, 1823)
Desh. of Authors.

Unio multiplicata Desh. of Authors

(misidentified reference to Unio multiplicatus Lea, 1831)
Desh. of Authors.

Unio crassus Barnes, 1823

(misidentified reference to Unio crassus Say, 1817)
‘Say’ Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 118, figs. 1a-b.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) subrotunda — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)
Amblema plicata — He & Zhuang (2013)

Unio gigantea Lea, 1838

(misidentified reference to Unio crassus var. giganteus Barnes, 1823)
‘Barnes’ Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 31, 35.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), He & Zhuang (2013)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio undulatus Hanley, 1843

(reference to Unio undulatus Barnes, 1823)
‘Barnes’ Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 175, pl. 20, fig. 26.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) undulata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) undulata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema costata — Ortmann (1924), F.C. Baker (1928)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), He & Zhuang (2013)

Margaron (Unio) laticostasus Lea, 1852

(error for Unio latecostatus Lea, 1845)
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 21.

Unio heros Küster, 1855

(misidentified reference to Unio heros Say, 1829)
‘Say’ Küster, 1855. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 136, pl. 40, figs. 1-2.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) plicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) plicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema (s.s.) plicata — Frierson (1927)
Amblema plicata plicata — Haas (1969), Watters et al. (2009)
Amblema plicata — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio perplicatus Reeve, 1864

(reference to Unio perplicatus Conrad, 1841; error for Unio atrocostatus Lea, 1845)
‘Conrad, Anthony, MS.’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 9, sp. 35; errata [changed to ‘U. atrocostatus’].

Unio (s.s.) multiplicatus — Call (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)

Unio guintardii B.H. Wright, 1888

(error for Unio quintardii Cragin, 1887)
‘Cragin’ B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [3].

Unio lincecurei Paetel, 1890

(error for Unio lincecumii Lea, 1868)
‘Lea’ Paetel, 1890. Cat. Conch.-Samml. 3: 157.

Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) perplicata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Crenodonta) (Group of Q. plicata) perplicata — Simpson (1914)
Amblema plicata plicata — Watters et al. (2009)