Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini | Oxynaiina

genus Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900: cladomics

5 Recent valid species (6 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5 (6 total)
analyzed in 101 cladograms in 59 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 1.96, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 55
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 2.76 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.98

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Schistodesmus cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Schistodesmus cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 47 17 4 ** 
  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Nodularia                 
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia              
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Schistodesmus_luqiaoensis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 38 10 6 2.0 
                 +-- Tchangsinaia              
  +--------------+                             
  |              +-- Inversiunio               
  |                                            
--+              +-- Cuneopsis                 
  |  +-----------+                             
  |  |           +-- Pseudocuneopsis           
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Nodularia                 
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------- Diaurora                  
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
              +--+                             
                 +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 59 18 4 0 
  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Nodularia                 
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia              
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Schistodesmus_luqiaoensis **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 90 15 4 0 
  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Nodularia                 
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia              
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Schistodesmus_luqiaoensis **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 60 15 4 0 
  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Nodularia                 
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia              
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Schistodesmus_luqiaoensis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 2 2 1 2.0 
  +-------------- Cuneopsis                 
--+                                         
  |  +----------- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
     +--+                                   
        |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
        +--+                                
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
           +--+                             
              +-- Schistodesmus_luqiaoensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 4 4 2 4 42 8 3 1.0 
           +-------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +----- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
--+           +--+                             
  |              +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
  |                                            
  |  +-------------- Nodularia                 
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens       
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------- Tchangsinaia              
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis     
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii      
              +--+                             
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 1 4 197 8 3 2.0 
     +----- Nodularia                 
  +--+                                
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia              
  |  +--+                             
--+     +-- Cuneopsis                 
  |                                   
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
     |  |                             
     +--+-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
        |                             
        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 43 8 3 1.0 
  +----------------- Nodularia                 
--+                                            
  |  +-------------- Tchangsinaia              
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
              +--+                             
                 +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 4 4 2 4 197 8 3 1.0 
  +----------- Acuticosta                
  |                                      
  +----------- Alasmidonta               
  |                                      
  +----------- Anodonta_anatina          
  |                                      
  +----------- Anemina                   
  |                                      
  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea           
  |                                      
  +----------- Cristaria                 
  |                                      
  +----------- Brachyanodon              
  |                                      
  +----------- Lasmigona                 
  |                                      
  +----------- Lepidodesma               
  |                                      
  +----------- Pseudanodonta             
  |                                      
  +----------- Pyganodon                 
  |                                      
  +----------- Simpsonaias               
  |                                      
  +----------- Strophitus                
--+                                      
  +----------- Utterbackia               
  |                                      
  +----------- Unio                      
  |                                      
  +----------- Scriptolamprotula         
  |                                      
  +----------- Lanceolaria               
  |                                      
  |        +-- Pletholophus              
  +--------+                             
  |        +-- Sinanodonta               
  |                                      
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  +--+                                   
  |  |  +----- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
  |  +--+                                
  |     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
  |     +--+                             
  |        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus ** 
  |                                      
  |     +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis     
  |     |                                
  |     +----- Tchangsinaia              
  |     |                                
  +-----+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens       
        |                                
        +----- Nodularia                 
        |                                
        |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii      
        +--+                             
           +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 3 3 1 3 38 11 6 2.0 
  +-------- Diaurora                  
--+                                   
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  +--+                                
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
     +--+                             
        +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 3 3 1 3 38 11 6 2.0 
  +-------- Diaurora                  
--+                                   
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  +--+                                
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
     +--+                             
        +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 3 3 0 3 41 10 6 3.0 
  +----- Diaurora                  
  |                                
--+  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
  |  |                             
  +--+-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
     |                             
     +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 3 3 1 3 41 10 6 2.0 
  +-------- Diaurora                  
--+                                   
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
  +--+                                
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
     +--+                             
        +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 38 10 6 2.0 
                    +-- Tchangsinaia              
  +-----------------+                             
  |                 +-- Inversiunio               
--+                                               
  |  +----------------- Pseudocuneopsis           
  +--+                                            
     |  +-------------- Cuneopsis                 
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Nodularia                 
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Diaurora                  
           +--+                                   
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 35 12 5 2.0 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                     
  |  |     +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
  +--+  +--+                               
     |  |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     |  |  +--+                            
     +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
        |                                  
        |  +----- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
           +--+                            
              +-- Inversiunio

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 119 15 4 2.0 
  +----------- Nodularia                 
  |                                      
--+  +-------- Cuneopsis                 
  |  |                                   
  |  |     +-- Tchangsinaia              
  +--+-----+                             
     |     +-- Inversiunio               
     |                                   
     |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
        +--+                             
           +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 15 6 4 2.0 
  +----------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                           
  |  +-------------- Nodularia                
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                                     
        |  +-------- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                                  
           |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
           +--+                               
              |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
              +--+                            
                 +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 70 9 4 2.0 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                     
  +--+        +-- Tchangsinaia             
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 92 9 4 2.0 
              +-- Nodularia                
  +-----------+                            
  |           +-- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                        
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                                     
     |  +-------- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.833 3 8 6 3 92 9 4 9.0 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                     
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia             
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 88 9 4 2.0 
  +----------- Nodularia                
  |                                     
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                     
  |        +-- Tchangsinaia             
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                                  
     |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
        +--+                            
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 88 9 4 2.0 
  +----------- Nodularia                
  |                                     
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                     
  |        +-- Tchangsinaia             
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                                  
     |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
        +--+                            
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 50 11 4 2.0 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                     
  +--+        +-- Tchangsinaia             
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 84 13 4 2.0 
           +-- Nodularia                 
  +--------+                             
  |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis           
  |                                      
--+        +-- Tchangsinaia              
  |  +-----+                             
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                 
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **    
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
        +--+                             
           +-- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 137 18 4 2.0 
              +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +-----------+                            
  |           +-- Cuneopsis                
--+                                        
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  +--+                                     
     |  +-------- Nodularia                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 44 6 4 2.0 
  +----------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                           
  |  +-------------- Nodularia                
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                                     
        |  +-------- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                                  
           |  +----- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
           +--+                               
              |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
              +--+                            
                 +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 196 8 3 2.0 
  +----------- Nodularia                 
  |                                      
--+        +-- Tchangsinaia              
  |  +-----+                             
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                 
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Schistodesmus_tongpenensis **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **  
        +--+                             
           +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 631 30 6 -- 
        +----- Nodularia                
  +-----+                               
  |     |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
  |     +--+                            
  |        +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **   
--+                                     
  |        +-- Tchangsinaia             
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     +-- Inversiunio              
  +--+                                  
     |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis          
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Diaurora                 
        +--+                            
           +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 8 5 -- 
  +----------- Cuneopsis               
  |                                    
  |     +----- Nodularia               
--+  +--+                              
  |  |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |  |  +--+                           
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     |                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Inversiunio             
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 22 9 5 -- 
  +----------- Cuneopsis               
  |                                    
  |     +----- Nodularia               
--+  +--+                              
  |  |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |  |  +--+                           
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     |                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Inversiunio             
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 22 9 5 -- 
  +-------- Cuneopsis               
  |                                 
  |  +----- Nodularia               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+  +--+                           
  |     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
  |                                 
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia            
  |     |                           
  +-----+-- Inversiunio             
        |                           
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 83 17 5 -- 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                     
  +--+        +-- Tchangsinaia             
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Tongchuania              
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.833 2 2 0 2 12 5 4 -- 
  +----------------- Tchangsinaia            
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Cuneopsis_heudei        
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Nodularia               
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis         
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens     
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
              +--+                           
                 +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 15 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                     
--+        +-- Tchangsinaia             
  |  +-----+                            
  |  |     +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                                  
     |  +----- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
        +--+                            
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 52 4 4 -- 
     +----- Pseudocuneopsis          
  +--+                               
  |  |  +-- Nodularia                
  |  +--+                            
--+     +-- Tchangsinaia             
  |                                  
  |  +----- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     +--+                            
        +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 4 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                     
--+  +-------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                  
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     |  +--+                            
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                            
           +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 71 5 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                     
--+  +-------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                  
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
     |  +--+                            
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                            
           +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 71 5 4 -- 
  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                        
  |  +----------- Nodularia                
  +--+                                     
     |  +-------- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                                  
        |  +----- Cuneopsis                
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
           +--+                            
              +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 66 5 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                     
--+  +-------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                  
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
     |  +--+                            
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
        +--+                            
           +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 17 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
  |                                    
--+  +-------- Nodularia               
  |  |                                 
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 39 9 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis          
  |                                     
--+  +-------- Nodularia                
  |  |                                  
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     |  +--+                            
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
        +--+                            
           +-- Cuneopsis

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 73 22 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
  |                                    
--+  +-------- Nodularia               
  |  |                                 
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 26 23 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
  |                                    
--+  +-------- Nodularia               
  |  |                                 
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 26 23 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
  |                                    
--+  +-------- Nodularia               
  |  |                                 
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 5 3 -- 
        +-- Tchangsinaia            
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Cuneopsis               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Nodularia               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 4 3 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia               
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Cuneopsis               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
        +--+                           
           +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 4 3 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia               
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Cuneopsis               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
        +--+                           
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 2 2 0 2 19 2 2 -- 
     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                           
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
--+                              
  |  +-- Lanceolaria             
  +--+                           
     +-- Acuticosta

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 16 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia                
--+                                  
  |  +----- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
     +--+                            
        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 35 2 2 -- 
     +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
--+                               
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
  +--+                            
     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 37 2 2 -- 
     +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
--+                               
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
  +--+                            
     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 10 1 -- 
  +----- Nodularia               
--+                              
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 17 3 1 -- 
  +----- Nodularia               
--+                              
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +----- Lanceolaria             
--+                              
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **  
  +--+                           
     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 10 5 -- 
  +-------------- Nodularia      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia   
           +--+                  
              +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 4 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Nodularia               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cuneopsis               
        +--+                           
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 4 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Nodularia               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cuneopsis               
        +--+                           
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 4 4 -- 
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis         
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Nodularia               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Cuneopsis               
     +--+                           
        +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis         
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Nodularia               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cuneopsis               
        +--+                           
           +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 4 4 -- 
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis          
  +-----+                            
  |     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                                  
  |  +----- Nodularia                
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                            
        +-- Cuneopsis

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 4 4 -- 
        +-- Nodularia                
  +-----+                            
  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis          
--+                                  
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                            
        +-- Cuneopsis

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 1 1 0 1 30 6 3 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                           
  +-- Scriptolamprotula

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 30 6 3 -- 
  +----------------- Nodularia               
  |                                          
  |           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens__2  
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |  |        +--+                           
  +--+           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__2
     |                                       
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__1
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__2 
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__1 
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens__1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 80 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                           
        +-- Cuneopsis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 138 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Cuneopsis               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                           
        +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 1 1 0 1 138 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Scriptolamprotula       
  |                                 
  +-------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                                 
  +-------- Nodularia               
  |                                 
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii    
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
     +--+                           
        +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.400 1 1 0 1 124 5 3 -- 
  +-- Unio_crassus            
  |                           
  +-- Unio_pictorum           
  |                           
  +-- Unio_tumidus            
  |                           
  +-- Scriptolamprotula       
  |                           
  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii    
--+                           
  +-- Tchangsinaia            
  |                           
  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens     
  |                           
  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae    
  |                           
  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae   
  |                           
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 32 7 3 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                           
  +-- Acuticosta

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia                
--+                                  
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Cuneopsis                
     +--+                            
        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 33 5 3 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                           
  +-- Inversiunio

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 68 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Inversiunio              
--+                                  
  |  +----- Nodularia                
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
     +--+                            
        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 68 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Inversiunio              
--+                                  
  |  +----- Nodularia                
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     +--+                            
        +-- Tchangsinaia

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 68 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia                
--+                                  
  |  +----- Inversiunio              
  +--+                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
     +--+                            
        +-- Tchangsinaia

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 11 10 3 -- 
  +-------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                                 
  |  +----- Cuneopsis               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Unio                    
     +--+                           
        +-- Tchangsinaia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 75 5 3 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia               
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii    
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 75 5 3 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia               
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii    
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 8 3 -- 
  +----- Cuneopsis               
  |                              
--+----- Nodularia               
  |                              
  |  +-- Inversiunio             
  +--+                           
     +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 8 3 -- 
  +-------- Nodularia               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Cuneopsis               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Inversiunio             
     +--+                           
        +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 33 2 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
--+                           
  +-- Lepidodesma

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 1 1 0 1 33 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Strophitus              
  |                                 
  +-------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |                                 
  +-------- Lepidodesma             
  |                                 
  +-------- Acuticosta              
  |                                 
  +-------- Lanceolaria             
  |                                 
--+     +-- Sinanodonta             
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Cristaria               
  |                                 
  |     +-- Nodularia               
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia            
  |                                 
  |  +----- Utterbackia             
  |  |                              
  +--+----- Utterbackiana           
     |                              
     |  +-- Alasmidonta             
     +--+                           
        +-- Lasmigona

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                            
     +-- Tchangsinaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 31 2 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Nodularia

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 2 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Nodularia

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 6 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |                           
--+-- Cuneopsis               
  |                           
  +-- Nodularia

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 37 2 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                            
     +-- Tchangsinaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 2 2 -- 
  +----- Nodularia                
--+                               
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 2 2 -- 
  +----- Nodularia                
--+                               
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 2 2 -- 
  +----- Nodularia                
--+                               
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 2 2 -- 
  +----- Nodularia                
--+                               
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
  +--+                            
     +-- Tchangsinaia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 5 2 -- 
  +----- Pseudocuneopsis         
--+                              
  |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Nodularia

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 1 1 0 1 14 1 1 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Nodularia                
  +--+                            
     +-- Unio

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                            
  +-- Unio

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                            
  +-- Scriptolamprotula

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Scriptolamprotula        
  +--+                            
     +-- Unio

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                            
  +-- Unio

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Scriptolamprotula        
  +--+                            
     +-- Unio

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                            
  +-- Unio

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                            
  +-- Unio

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
--+                               
  |  +-- Lepidodesma              
  +--+                            
     +-- Scriptolamprotula

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
  +----------------- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **
  |                                          
--+  +-------------- Anodonta                
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------- Cristaria               
     |  |                                    
     |  |     +----- Amuranodonta            
     +--+  +--+                              
        |  |  |  +-- Anemina                 
        |  |  +--+                           
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia              
           |                                 
           |  +----- Pletholophus            
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Beringiana              
              +--+                           
                 +-- Sinanodonta