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Data last updated
Mon 1 Dec 2025

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Contradentini

genus Physunio Simpson, 1900: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 58 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.59, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 20
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 2.7 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.9

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Physunio cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Physunio cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 6 4 4 2 0 
  +-------------- Yaukthwa           
  |                                  
--+  +----------- Trapezoideus       
  |  |                               
  +--+        +-- Physunio_massini **   
     |  +-----+                      
     |  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Physunio_modelli__3 **
        |  |                         
        +--+  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
           |  |                      
           +--+-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
              |                      
              +-- Physunio_pellucidus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 26 12 4 3 
        +----- Yaukthwa           
  +-----+                         
  |     |  +-- Solenaia           
  |     +--+                      
--+        +-- Lens               
  |                               
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli **   
        +--+                      
           +-- Physunio_pellucidus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 196 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_modelli **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 109 20 3 5 
     +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
  |  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  |  +--+                    
--+     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  |                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 136 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 49 13 3 5 
  +----------- Yaukthwa         
  |                             
--+        +-- Trapezoideus     
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Lens             
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 136 8 2 5 
  +----------- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio **         
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio_superbus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 115 20 3 5 
           +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--------+                    
  |        +-- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 79 16 3 3 
           +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--------+                    
  |        +-- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio_massini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 18 7 3 3 
           +-- Yaukthwa           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Lens               
--+                               
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Physunio_pellucidus **
        +--+                      
           +-- Physunio_modelli **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 198 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 122 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_modelli **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 31 16 3 5 
  +-------------- Yaukthwa         
--+                                
  |  +----------- Lens             
  +--+                             
     |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
     +--+                          
        |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
           +--+                    
              +-- Physunio **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Lens            
--+                      
  |  +-- Physunio **        
  +--+                   
     +-- Physunio_modelli **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 13 13 2 -- 
  +-------- Yaukthwa         
--+                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 38 1 1 -- 
  +----- Lens            
--+                      
  |  +-- Physunio **        
  +--+                   
     +-- Physunio_modelli **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 7 4 1 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 3 81 8 2 13 
  +-- Lens_eximius       
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni 
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_panhai    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_comptus       
  |                      
--+-- Lens_novoselovi    
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
  |                      
  +-- Physunio **           
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
  |                      
  +-- Lens_contradens    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_micropterus

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 12 3 -- 
        +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Trapezoideus     
     +--+                    
        +-- Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 12 0 2 199 10 2 13 
  +----------- Physunio_modelli ** 
  |                             
  +----------- Lens             
  |                             
  +----------- Physunio_superbus **
--+                             
  +----------- Yaukthwa         
  |                             
  |        +-- Lens_comptus     
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Lens_novoselovi  
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Lens_eximius     
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Lens_contradens  
        +--+                    
           +-- Lens_micropterus

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 57 2 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_superbus **
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Trapezoideus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 2 2 -- 
-- Physunio_modelli **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 31 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Yaukthwa

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 3 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_modelli **
--+                      
  |  +-- Lens            
  +--+                   
     +-- Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 3 2 -- 
  +-- Physunio **    
  |               
--+-- Trapezoideus
  |               
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 6 3 -- 
  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula
  |                               
--+  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  |  |                            
  +--+     +-- Physunio_superbus **  
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis  
        +--+                      
           +-- Lens

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 7 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                    
     +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 6 3 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **  
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis  
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
--+                      
  +-- Trapezoideus       
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula
  |                      
  +-- Lens

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 -- 
        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 -- 
        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 79 2 1 -- 
-- Physunio_modelli **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 3 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_modelli **
--+                      
  |  +-- Lens            
  +--+                   
     +-- Yaukthwa
 
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