Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini | Contradentina

genus Physunio Simpson, 1900: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 65 cladograms in 43 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 1.62, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 22
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 2.82 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.86

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Physunio cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Physunio cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 6 4 4 2 0 
  +-------------- Yaukthwa           
  |                                  
--+  +----------- Trapezoideus       
  |  |                               
  +--+        +-- Physunio_massini **   
     |  +-----+                      
     |  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Physunio_modelli__3 **
        |  |                         
        +--+  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
           |  |                      
           +--+-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
              |                      
              +-- Physunio_pellucidus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 26 12 4 3 
        +----- Yaukthwa           
  +-----+                         
  |     |  +-- Solenaia           
  |     +--+                      
--+        +-- Lens               
  |                               
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli **   
        +--+                      
           +-- Physunio_pellucidus **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 31 30 5 627 26 3 29 
              +-- Physunio_modelli **   
  +-----------+                      
  |           +-- Physunio_pellucidus **
  |                                  
--+           +-- Physunio_massini **   
  |  +--------+                      
  |  |        +-- Physunio_superbus **  
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Physunio **           
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Trapezoideus       
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Yaukthwa           
           +--+                      
              +-- Lens

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 135 8 2 5 
  +----------- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio **         
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 18 7 3 3 
           +-- Yaukthwa           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Lens               
--+                               
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Physunio_pellucidus **
        +--+                      
           +-- Physunio_modelli **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 12 7 3 197 9 2 13 
  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  |                    
  +-- Physunio **         
  |                    
--+-- Physunio_superbus **
  |                    
  +-- Yaukthwa         
  |                    
  +-- Lens

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 79 16 3 3 
           +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--------+                    
  |        +-- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio_massini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 108 20 3 5 
     +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
  |  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  |  +--+                    
--+     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  |                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 135 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 31 16 3 5 
  +-------------- Yaukthwa         
--+                                
  |  +----------- Lens             
  +--+                             
     |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
     +--+                          
        |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
           +--+                    
              +-- Physunio **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 195 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_modelli **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 197 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 48 13 3 5 
  +----------- Yaukthwa         
  |                             
--+        +-- Trapezoideus     
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Lens             
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 114 20 3 5 
           +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--------+                    
  |        +-- Lens             
--+                             
  |  +-------- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
        +--+                    
           +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 121 9 2 5 
        +-- Yaukthwa         
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Lens             
--+                          
  |  +----- Physunio **         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_superbus **
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_modelli **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 38 1 1 -- 
  +----- Lens            
--+                      
  |  +-- Physunio **        
  +--+                   
     +-- Physunio_modelli **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Lens            
--+                      
  |  +-- Physunio **        
  +--+                   
     +-- Physunio_modelli **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 12 3 -- 
        +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Trapezoideus     
     +--+                    
        +-- Lens

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 78 2 1 -- 
  +----- Lens            
--+                      
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli **
  +--+                   
     +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 3 80 8 2 13 
  +-- Lens_eximius       
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni 
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_panhai    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_comptus       
  |                      
--+-- Lens_novoselovi    
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
  |                      
  +-- Physunio **           
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
  |                      
  +-- Lens_contradens    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_micropterus

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 13 13 2 -- 
  +-------- Yaukthwa         
--+                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
     +--+                    
        +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 7 4 1 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 3 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_modelli **
--+                      
  |  +-- Lens            
  +--+                   
     +-- Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 3 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_modelli **
--+                      
  |  +-- Lens            
  +--+                   
     +-- Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 58 2 2 -- 
  +----- Physunio_superbus **
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Trapezoideus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula
  |                               
--+  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  |  |                            
  +--+     +-- Physunio_superbus **  
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis  
        +--+                      
           +-- Lens

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 6 3 -- 
  +-------- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 7 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                    
     +-- Lens

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Physunio **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
     +-- Physunio_superbus **
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
--+                       
  |  +-- Lens             
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 -- 
        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 2 2 -- 
-- Physunio_modelli **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 140 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 3 2 -- 
  +-- Physunio **    
  |               
--+-- Trapezoideus
  |               
  +-- Lens

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 34 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lens             
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio_superbus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 26 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 2 1 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                    
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 -- 
  +-- Physunio_superbus **  
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis  
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis
--+                      
  +-- Trapezoideus       
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula
  |                      
  +-- Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 -- 
        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio_superbus **
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa         
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lens             
--+                    
  +-- Physunio_superbus **