species Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817): synonymy

Anodonta undulata Say, 1817

Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [13,] pl. 3, fig. 6.
Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [19,] pl. 3, fig. 6.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 54.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), ... Hopper et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2023), Perkins et al. (2025), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulata — Thiele (1934), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Williams et al. (2022)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus undulatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984), ITIS (2012)
Strophitus undulata [sic] — Lydeard et al. (1999)
“Strophitus undulatus” ** — Smith et al. (2018), Gasparini et al. (2020), Whelan et al. (2023), Perkins et al. (2025)
S. undulatus — Marshall et al. (2018)

Anodonta pensylvanica Lamarck, 1819

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 86, sp. 9.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann & Walker (1922), R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-pennsylvanicus [sic] — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus pennsylvanicus [sic] — Haas (1969)

Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822

Swainson, 1822. Zool. Illustr. 2: pl. 96.
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 262.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus rugosus — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Heard (1975)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-rugosus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)
Strophitus undulata — Williams et al. (2022)

Anodonta pennsylvanica ‘Lamarck’ of Authors

(error for Anodonta pensylvanica Lamarck, 1819)
‘Lamarck’ of Authors.
Stark, 1828. Elements Nat. Hist. 2: 89.
Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 50.
Lea, 1838. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 30.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 49.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 263.
Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 11, sp. 30.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 79.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 618.
Ortmann & Walker, 1922. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. (112): 40.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22 [as ‘Strophitus undulatus-pennsylvanicus’].
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 373 [as ‘Strophitus undulatus pennsylvanicus’].

Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta undulata ‘Say’ of Authors

(reference to Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)
‘Say’ of Authors.
Hildreth, 1828. Amer. J. Sci. 14: 290.
Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 11, sp. 30.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009)

Alasmodonta edentula Say, 1829

Say, 1829. New Harm. Dissem. 2(22): 340, sp. 3.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 137.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918)
Unio (Anodonta) edentula — Call (1900)
Strophitus undulatus — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus rugosus — Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)

Anodon areolatus Swainson, 1829

Swainson, 1829. Zool. Illustr. 1: pl. 18.
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 381 [as ‘Hemiodon areolata’].

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta virgata Conrad, 1836

Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(5): back cover.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 263 [as ‘Strophitus virgatus’].

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta pavonia Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: addenda. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 78, pl. 21, fig. 65.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_86514, Little Beaver Cr., Ohio.

Strophitus edentulus var. pavonius — Simpson (1900)
Unio (Anodonta) wardiana — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus var. pavonia — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus pavonius — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta wardiana Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 50. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 46, pl. 14, fig. 42.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86488, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (Anodonta) wardiana — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon unadilla De Kay, 1843

De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 109, pl. 15, fig. 228.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta tetragona Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 165.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 82 [56], pl. 8, fig. 25.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86682, Alexandria, La.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Vidrine (1993), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta arkansensis Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 293 [49], pl. 29, fig. 56.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86603, Lit. Ark. R., at Santa Fe...

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)

Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 288 [44], pl. 26, fig. 50.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86685, Horn Lake Creek, Tenn.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900), Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918)
Unio (Anodonta) edentula — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Bieler (2021)

Alasmodon rhombica J.G. Anthony, 1865

J.G. Anthony, 1865. Amer. J. Conch. 1(2): 158, pl. 12, fig. 5.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MCZ_50296, Michigan.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon papyracea J.G. Anthony, 1865

J.G. Anthony, 1865. Amer. J. Conch. 1(2): 161, pl. 15, fig. 2.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MCZ_150656, Potomac River, Virginia.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)

Anodon annulatus Sowerby, 1867

Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 18, sp. 67.

Strophitus edentulus var. pavonius — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus var. pavonia — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon quadriplicatus Sowerby, 1870

Sowerby, 1870. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 28, sp. 110, figs. 110a-b.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus var. quadriplicatus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)

Anodonta shafferiana ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 81.
Clessin, 1873. Conchyl. Cab. 9(1): 243, pl. 17, figs. 5-7.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [7].
Call, 1895. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 60.
Utterback, 1916. Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(7): 311.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 23.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009), Bieler (2021)

Anodonta salmonea Clessin, 1873

(misidentified reference to Anodonta salmonia Lea, 1838; error for Anodonta salmonia Lea, 1838)
‘Lea’ Clessin, 1873. Conchyl. Cab. 9(1): 91, pl. 24, figs. 1-2.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta arkansasensis ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Anodonta arkansensis Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [6].
Call, 1895. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 60.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 617.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 347.
Williams et al., 2008. Freshw. Mussels AL and Mobile Basin: 709.
Watters et al., 2009. Freshw. Mussels OH: 294.

Strophitus undulatus ovatus Frierson, 1927

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22, sp. 37e.
R.I. Johnson, 1972. Occ. Pap. Moll. 3(41): 147, pl. 22, fig. 2.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE UMMZ_113533 (by R.I. Johnson, 1972: 147), Edwards River, Illinois.

Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-ovatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus undulatus tennesseensis Frierson, 1927

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22, sp. 37d.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE MCZ_16690 (by R.I. Johnson, 1956: 138), Duck River, Shelbyville, Rockford, Co., Tennessee.

Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-tennesseensis — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus tennesseensis — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus tennesseensis — ITIS (2012)

Strophitus rugosus lacustris F.C. Baker, 1928

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 207, pl. 75, figs. 6-8.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) INHS_82463, Oconomowoc Lake, Waukesha Co., Wisconsin.

Strophitus rugosus lacustris — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus rugosus pepinensis F.C. Baker, 1928

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 204, pl. 74, fig. 8.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209137, L. Pepin, Lake City, Wisc.

Strophitus rugosus pepinensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus rugosus winnebagoensis F.C. Baker, 1928

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 205, pl. 74, figs. 1-6.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209201, Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin.

Strophitus rugosus winnebagoensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Alasmodonta marginata Desh. of Authors

(misidentified reference to Alasmidonta marginata Say, 1818)
Desh. of Authors.

Alasmodonta marginata Küster of Authors

(misidentified reference to Alasmidonta marginata Say, 1818)
Küster of Authors.

Unio varicosus “Lam.” Herrm. in litt. of Authors

“Lam.” Herrm. in litt. of Authors.

Anodonta ferussaciana Ferussac, 1835

(misidentified reference to Anodonta ferussaciana Lea, 1834)
‘Lea’ Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 25.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta marginata Ferussac, 1835

(misidentified reference to Anodonta marginata Say, 1817)
‘Say’ Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 25.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta schaefferiana Adams & Adams, 1857

(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 503.

Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta shefferiana Simpson, 1900

(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)
‘Clessin’ Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 617.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)