species Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817): synonymy

Anodonta undulata Say, 1817

Say, 1817. Nich. Encyc. 2: [13,] pl. 3, fig. 6.
Say, 1819. Nich. Encyc. 4: [19,] pl. 3, fig. 6.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 54.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), ... Liu et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2023), Perkins et al. (2025), FMCS (2025)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulata — Thiele (1934), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Williams et al. (2022)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus undulatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984), ITIS (2012)
Strophitus undulata [sic] — Lydeard et al. (1999)
S. undulatus — Marshall et al. (2018)

Anodonta pensylvanica Lamarck, 1819

Lamarck, 1819. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 86, sp. 9.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann & Walker (1922), R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-pennsylvanicus [sic] — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus pennsylvanicus [sic] — Haas (1969)

Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822

Swainson, 1822. Zool. Illustr. 2: pl. 96.
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 262.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus rugosus — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Heard (1975)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-rugosus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)
Strophitus undulata — Williams et al. (2022)

Anodonta pennsylvanica ‘Lamarck’ of Authors

‘Lamarck’ of Authors.
Stark, 1828. Elements Nat. Hist. 2: 89.
Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 50.
Lea, 1838. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 30.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 49.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 263.
Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 11, sp. 30.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 79.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 618.
Ortmann & Walker, 1922. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. (112): 40.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22 [as ‘Strophitus undulatus-pennsylvanicus’].
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 373 [as ‘Strophitus undulatus pennsylvanicus’].
(error for Anodonta pensylvanica Lamarck, 1819)

Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta undulata ‘Say’ of Authors

‘Say’ of Authors.
Hildreth, 1828. Amer. J. Sci. 14: 290.
Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 11, sp. 30.
(reference to Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009)

Alasmodonta edentula Say, 1829

Say, 1829. New Harm. Dissem. 2(22): 340, sp. 3.
Say, 1858. [in] Binney, Compl. Writings T. Say: 137.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918)
Unio (Anodonta) edentula — Call (1900)
Strophitus undulatus — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus rugosus — Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)

Anodon areolatus Swainson, 1829

Swainson, 1829. Zool. Illustr. 1: pl. 18.
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 381 [as ‘Hemiodon areolata’].

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta virgata Conrad, 1836

Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(5): back cover.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 263 [as ‘Strophitus virgatus’].

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta pavonia Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: addenda. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 78, pl. 21, fig. 65.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_86514, Little Beaver Cr., Ohio.

Strophitus edentulus var. pavonius — Simpson (1900)
Unio (Anodonta) wardiana — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus var. pavonia — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus pavonius — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta wardiana Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 50. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 46, pl. 14, fig. 42.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86488, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (Anodonta) wardiana — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-virgatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus virgatus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon unadilla De Kay, 1843

De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 109, pl. 15, fig. 228.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta tetragona Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 165.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 82 [56], pl. 8, fig. 25.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86682, Alexandria, La.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Vidrine (1993), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta arkansensis Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 293 [49], pl. 29, fig. 56.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86603, Lit. Ark. R., at Santa Fe...

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus rugosus — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus undulatus — Oesch (1984)

Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 288 [44], pl. 26, fig. 50.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86685, Horn Lake Creek, Tenn.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900), Utterback (1916), Ortmann (1918)
Unio (Anodonta) edentula — Call (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Bieler (2021)

Alasmodon rhombica J.G. Anthony, 1865

J.G. Anthony, 1865. Amer. J. Conch. 1(2): 158, pl. 12, fig. 5.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MCZ_50296, Michigan.

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon papyracea J.G. Anthony, 1865

J.G. Anthony, 1865. Amer. J. Conch. 1(2): 161, pl. 15, fig. 2.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MCZ_150656, Potomac River, Virginia.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)

Anodon annulatus Sowerby, 1867

Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 18, sp. 67.

Strophitus edentulus var. pavonius — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus var. pavonia — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodon quadriplicatus Sowerby, 1870

Sowerby, 1870. Conch. Icon. 17: pl. 28, sp. 110, figs. 110a-b.

Strophitus undulatus — Simpson (1900), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus var. quadriplicatus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus — Frierson (1927)

Anodonta shafferiana ‘Lea’ of Authors

‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 81.
Clessin, 1873. Conchyl. Cab. 9(1): 243, pl. 17, figs. 5-7.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [7].
Call, 1895. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 60.
Utterback, 1916. Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(7): 311.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 23.
(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009), Bieler (2021)

Anodonta salmonea Clessin, 1873

‘Lea’ Clessin, 1873. Conchyl. Cab. 9(1): 91, pl. 24, figs. 1-2.
(misidentified reference to Anodonta salmonia Lea, 1838; error for Anodonta salmonia Lea, 1838)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta arkansasensis ‘Lea’ of Authors

‘Lea’ of Authors.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [6].
Call, 1895. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 60.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 617.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 347.
Williams et al., 2008. Freshw. Mussels AL and Mobile Basin: 709.
Watters et al., 2009. Freshw. Mussels OH: 294.
(error for Anodonta arkansensis Lea, 1852)

Strophitus undulatus ovatus Frierson, 1927

Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22, sp. 37e.
R.I. Johnson, 1972. Occ. Pap. Moll. 3(41): 147, pl. 22, fig. 2.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE UMMZ_113533 (by R.I. Johnson, 1972: 147), Edwards River, Illinois.

Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-ovatus — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus edentulus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus undulatus tennesseensis Frierson, 1927

Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 22, sp. 37d.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodonta undulata Say, 1817)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE MCZ_16690 (by R.I. Johnson, 1956: 138), Duck River, Shelbyville, Rockford, Co., Tennessee.

Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus-tennesseensis — Frierson (1927)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus tennesseensis — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Strophitus undulatus tennesseensis — ITIS (2012)

Strophitus rugosus lacustris F.C. Baker, 1928

F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 207, pl. 75, figs. 6-8.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) INHS_82463, Oconomowoc Lake, Waukesha Co., Wisconsin.

Strophitus rugosus lacustris — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus rugosus pepinensis F.C. Baker, 1928

F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 204, pl. 74, fig. 8.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209137, L. Pepin, Lake City, Wisc.

Strophitus rugosus pepinensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Strophitus rugosus winnebagoensis F.C. Baker, 1928

F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 205, pl. 74, figs. 1-6.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Anodon rugosus Swainson, 1822)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209201, Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin.

Strophitus rugosus winnebagoensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Strophitus (s.s.) undulatus rugosus — Haas (1969)
Strophitus undulatus — R.I. Johnson (1970), Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Alasmodonta marginata Desh. of Authors

Desh. of Authors.
(misidentified reference to Alasmidonta marginata Say, 1818)

Alasmodonta marginata Küster of Authors

Küster of Authors.
(misidentified reference to Alasmidonta marginata Say, 1818)

Unio varicosus “Lam.” Herrm. in litt. of Authors

“Lam.” Herrm. in litt. of Authors.

Anodonta ferussaciana Ferussac, 1835

‘Lea’ Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 25.
(misidentified reference to Anodonta ferussaciana Lea, 1834)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta marginata Ferussac, 1835

‘Say’ Ferussac, 1835. Mag. Zool. 5(59-60): 25.
(misidentified reference to Anodonta marginata Say, 1817)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta schaefferiana Adams & Adams, 1857

‘Lea’ Adams & Adams, 1857. Gen. Rec. Moll. 2(31-32): 503.
(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)

Strophitus undulatus — Watters et al. (2009)

Anodonta shefferiana Simpson, 1900

‘Clessin’ Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 617.
(error for Anodonta shaefferiana Lea, 1852)

Strophitus edentulus — Simpson (1900)
Strophitus (s.s.) edentulus — Simpson (1914)
Strophitus undulatus — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)