Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina

genus Beringiana Starobogatov in Zatravkin, 1983: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 54 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 2.04, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 22
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 3.55 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Beringiana cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Beringiana cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 30 29 8 ** 
  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |        +-------- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
  |  +-----+                               
--+  |     |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **   
  |  |     +--+                            
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  |  |        +--+                         
  +--+           +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     |                                     
     |        +----- Mimo                  
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     |  +-- Acudonta              
     |  |     +--+                         
     +--+        +-- Sinanodonta           
        |                                  
        |  +-------- Pletholophus          
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anemina               
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Amuranodonta          
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 4 4 2 4 629 29 8 2.0 
           +----- Mimo                  
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Acudonta              
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Pletholophus          
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 24 23 7 2.0 
  +-------------- Pletholophus          
  |                                     
  |     +-------- Cristaria             
  |  +--+                               
--+  |  |  +----- Anemina               
  |  |  +--+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Amuranodonta          
  |  |     +--+                         
  +--+        +-- Buldowskia            
     |                                  
     |        +-- Mimo                  
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
     |  |                               
     +--+     +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        |  +--+                         
        |  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 4 4 2 4 31 29 7 4.0 
  +----------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                             
  |              +-- Acudonta                   
  |     +--------+                              
  |     |        +-- Sinanodonta                
--+  +--+                                       
  |  |  |  +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **     
  |  |  +--+                                    
  |  |     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **      
  +--+        +--+                              
     |           +-- Beringiana_japonica **        
     |                                          
     |        +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis        
     |  |     +--+                              
     +--+        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus     
        |                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Anemina                    
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                              
                 +-- Buldowskia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 118 20 6 2.0 
  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |           +----- Anemina               
  +-----------+                            
--+           |  +-- Amuranodonta          
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
              +--+                         
                 +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 27 23 6 2.0 
  +-------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                           
  |              +----- Amuranodonta          
--+  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Anemina               
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Buldowskia            
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 27 23 6 2.0 
                 +----- Amuranodonta          
  +--------------+                            
  |              |  +-- Anemina               
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Cristaria             
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 27 23 6 2.0 
              +----- Amuranodonta          
  +-----------+                            
  |           |  +-- Anemina               
  |           +--+                         
--+              +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Cristaria             
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Pletholophus          
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Sinanodonta           
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                         
                 +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 30 26 6 2.0 
                 +----- Amuranodonta          
  +--------------+                            
  |              |  +-- Anemina               
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Cristaria             
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 8 8 4 4.0 
           +----- Pletholophus          
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Cristaria             
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 14 14 4 4.0 
           +----- Pletholophus          
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Cristaria             
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_gosannensis **
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 4.0 
  +----------- Sinanodonta           
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        +--+                         
           +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Itoh et al., 2026 [Publ 4842], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 1 1 1 2.0 
  +----------- Sinanodonta           
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
        +--+                         
           +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 4 0 0 0 2.0 
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
  +--+                         
  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 3 3 1 3 66 8 5 3.0 
  +----------- Pletholophus         
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.286 3 22 5 3 31 7 5 33.0 
           +----- Sinohyriopsis            
     +-----+                               
     |     |  +-- Lamprotula               
     |     +--+                            
  +--+        +-- Pronodularia             
  |  |                                     
  |  |  +-------- Sinosolenaia             
  |  |  |                                  
  |  +--+  +----- Inversidens              
  |     |  |                               
  |     +--+  +-- Obovalis_omiensis__1     
  |        |  |                            
  |        +--+-- Obovalis_omiensis__2     
  |           |                            
  |           +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                                        
  |        +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__1
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__2
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Cristaria_plicata__1     
  |        |                               
--+        +----- Cristaria_plicata__2     
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Sinanodonta_lauta        
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Beringiana_japonica **      
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **  
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Beringiana_beringiana **    
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **  
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **  
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1   
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2   
  |        |                               
  |        +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1    
  +--------+                               
           +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2    
           |                               
           +----- Pletholophus             
           |                               
           +----- Anemina                  
           |                               
           +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata   
           |                               
           +----- Cristaria_plicata__3     
           |                               
           +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola     
           |                               
           +----- Sinanodonta_angula       
           |                               
           +----- Lepidodesma              
           |                               
           |  +-- Scriptolamprotula        
           +--+                            
           |  +-- Acuticosta               
           |                               
           |  +-- Cuneopsis                
           +--+                            
           |  +-- Nodularia                
           |                               
           |  +-- Schistodesmus            
           +--+                            
              +-- Inversiunio

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 3 3 1 3 66 8 5 3.0 
  +----------- Sinanodonta          
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 3 3 1 3 66 8 5 3.0 
  +----------- Sinanodonta          
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 18 5 4 3.0 
              +-- Cristaria            
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Buldowskia           
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Sinanodonta          
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
           +--+                        
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 30 6 4 3.0 
           +-- Cristaria            
  +--------+                        
  |        +-- Buldowskia           
  |                                 
--+        +-- Pletholophus         
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 12 10 1 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta          
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 12 11 1 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta          
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 63 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 64 13 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 8 5 -- 
     +----- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Anemina              
  |  +--+                        
--+     +-- Buldowskia           
  |                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 12 5 -- 
     +----- Anemina              
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Amuranodonta         
  |  +--+                        
--+     +-- Buldowskia           
  |                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria            
  |                                 
--+        +-- Anemina              
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Pletholophus         
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinanodonta          
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 43 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 43 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria            
  |                                 
--+        +-- Anemina              
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Pletholophus         
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinanodonta          
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
        +-- Anemina              
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
--+                              
  |  +----- Pletholophus         
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinanodonta          
     +--+                        
        +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
--+                                
  |  +-------- Anemina             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Mimo                
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 9 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina              
--+                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 5 3 -- 
     +-- Anemina             
  +--+                       
  |  +-- Cristaria           
--+                          
  |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
  +--+                       
     +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 74 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 51 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Buldowskia           
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria            
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria            
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta        
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus       
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 1 3 3 1 11 4 2 28.0 
  +-------------- Cristaria               
  |                                       
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta_tumens      
  |  |                                    
  |  |        +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__5    
  |  |        |                           
--+  |        +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__6    
  |  |        |                           
  |  |        +-- Beringiana_japonica__15 ** 
  |  |        |                           
  |  |        +-- Beringiana_japonica__16 ** 
  |  |  +-----+                           
  |  |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__17 ** 
  +--+  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__18 ** 
     |  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__19 ** 
     |  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__20 ** 
     |  |                                 
     |  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__1 **  
     |  |  |                              
     |  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__2 **  
     |  |  |                              
     +--+  +----- Beringiana_japonica__3 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__4 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__5 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__1    
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__6 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__2    
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_calipygos__1
        |  |                              
        +--+----- Beringiana_japonica__7 **  
           |                              
           +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__4    
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__8 **  
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__9 **  
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__10 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__11 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__12 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__13 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__14 ** 
           |                              
           |  +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__3    
           +--+                           
              +-- Sinanodonta_calipygos__2

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 1 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 3 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Brachyanodon

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 104 0 0 -- 
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata       
  |                              
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **      
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2