Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina

genus Beringiana Starobogatov in Zatravkin, 1983: cladomics

4 Recent valid species (4 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 52 cladograms in 37 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 2.02, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 21
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 3.52 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Beringiana cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Beringiana cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 3 0 20 11 4 2 0 
  +-------------- Cristaria               
  |                                       
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta_tumens      
  |  |                                    
  |  |        +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__5    
  |  |        |                           
--+  |        +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__6    
  |  |        |                           
  |  |        +-- Beringiana_japonica__15 ** 
  |  |        |                           
  |  |        +-- Beringiana_japonica__16 ** 
  |  |  +-----+                           
  |  |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__17 ** 
  +--+  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__18 ** 
     |  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__19 ** 
     |  |     |                           
     |  |     +-- Beringiana_japonica__20 ** 
     |  |                                 
     |  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__1 **  
     |  |  |                              
     |  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__2 **  
     |  |  |                              
     +--+  +----- Beringiana_japonica__3 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__4 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__5 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__1    
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica__6 **  
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__2    
        |  |                              
        |  +----- Sinanodonta_calipygos__1
        |  |                              
        +--+----- Beringiana_japonica__7 **  
           |                              
           +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__4    
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__8 **  
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__9 **  
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__10 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__11 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__12 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__13 ** 
           |                              
           +----- Beringiana_japonica__14 ** 
           |                              
           |  +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__3    
           +--+                           
              +-- Sinanodonta_calipygos__2

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 30 29 8 28 
  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |        +-------- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
  |  +-----+                               
--+  |     |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **   
  |  |     +--+                            
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  |  |        +--+                         
  +--+           +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     |                                     
     |        +----- Mimo                  
     |  +-----+                            
     |  |     |  +-- Acudonta              
     |  |     +--+                         
     +--+        +-- Sinanodonta           
        |                                  
        |  +-------- Pletholophus          
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anemina               
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Amuranodonta          
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 28 
              +----- Amuranodonta          
  +-----------+                            
  |           |  +-- Anemina               
  |           +--+                         
--+              +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Cristaria             
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Pletholophus          
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Sinanodonta           
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                         
                 +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 28 
                 +----- Amuranodonta          
  +--------------+                            
  |              |  +-- Anemina               
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Cristaria             
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 28 
  +-------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                           
  |              +----- Amuranodonta          
--+  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Anemina               
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Buldowskia            
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 8 8 4 28 
           +----- Pletholophus          
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Cristaria             
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 628 29 8 28 
           +----- Mimo                  
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Acudonta              
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Pletholophus          
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 30 26 6 28 
                 +----- Amuranodonta          
  +--------------+                            
  |              |  +-- Anemina               
  |              +--+                         
--+                 +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Cristaria             
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 31 29 7 28 
  +----------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                             
  |              +-- Acudonta                   
  |     +--------+                              
  |     |        +-- Sinanodonta                
--+  +--+                                       
  |  |  |  +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **     
  |  |  +--+                                    
  |  |     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **      
  +--+        +--+                              
     |           +-- Beringiana_japonica **        
     |                                          
     |        +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis        
     |  |     +--+                              
     +--+        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus     
        |                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Anemina                    
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                              
                 +-- Buldowskia

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 0 0 0 28 
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
  +--+                         
  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 4 2 1 28 
  +----------- Sinanodonta           
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        +--+                         
           +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 118 20 6 28 
  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |           +----- Anemina               
  +-----------+                            
--+           |  +-- Amuranodonta          
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Pletholophus          
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
              +--+                         
                 +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 24 23 7 28 
  +-------------- Pletholophus          
  |                                     
  |     +-------- Cristaria             
  |  +--+                               
--+  |  |  +----- Anemina               
  |  |  +--+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Amuranodonta          
  |  |     +--+                         
  +--+        +-- Buldowskia            
     |                                  
     |        +-- Mimo                  
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
     |  |                               
     +--+     +-- Beringiana_beringiana ** 
        |  +--+                         
        |  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 14 14 4 28 
           +----- Pletholophus          
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Cristaria             
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Buldowskia            
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Beringiana_gosannensis **
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **   
           +--+                         
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 65 8 5 28 
  +----------- Sinanodonta          
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 22 5 5 31 7 5 24 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma            
  |                             
  |  +-- Scriptolamprotula      
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 18 5 4 28 
              +-- Cristaria            
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Buldowskia           
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Sinanodonta          
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
           +--+                        
              +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 65 8 5 28 
  +----------- Pletholophus         
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 30 6 4 28 
           +-- Cristaria            
  +--------+                        
  |        +-- Buldowskia           
  |                                 
--+        +-- Pletholophus         
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 65 8 5 28 
  +----------- Sinanodonta          
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Pletholophus         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 10 1 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta          
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_japonica **  
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 11 1 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta          
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 5 3 -- 
     +-- Anemina             
  +--+                       
  |  +-- Cristaria           
--+                          
  |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
  +--+                       
     +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria            
  |                                 
--+        +-- Anemina              
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Pletholophus         
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinanodonta          
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria            
  |                                 
--+        +-- Anemina              
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Pletholophus         
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Sinanodonta          
        +--+                        
           +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria            
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 3 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 6 4 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
--+                                
  |  +-------- Anemina             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Mimo                
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Buldowskia           
--+                           
  |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta        
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus       
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana_japonica **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 9 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina              
--+                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 1 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 12 5 -- 
     +----- Anemina              
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Amuranodonta         
  |  +--+                        
--+     +-- Buldowskia           
  |                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 104 0 0 -- 
-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria            
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 64 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria           
  |                                
  |     +----- Amuranodonta        
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina             
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia          
  +--+                             
     |     +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Acudonta            
        +--+                       
           +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
        +-- Anemina              
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Amuranodonta         
--+                              
  |  +----- Pletholophus         
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Sinanodonta          
     +--+                        
        +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus         
--+                           
  |  +-- Sinanodonta          
  +--+                        
     +-- Beringiana_beringiana **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 3 1 -- 
  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 8 5 -- 
     +----- Amuranodonta         
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Anemina              
  |  +--+                        
--+     +-- Buldowskia           
  |                              
  |  +----- Cristaria            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
     +--+                        
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria           
--+                             
  |  +----- Anemina             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
     +--+                       
        +-- Sinanodonta