Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Margaritiferidae | Margaritiferinae

genus Margaritifera Schumacher, 1815: cladomics

7 Recent valid species (26 total species)

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 7 (26 total)
analyzed in 229 cladograms in 133 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 2.24, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 113
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 3.5 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.96

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Margaritifera cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Margaritifera cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 6 2 8 4 2 2 0 
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **  
  |                                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia                 
--+  |                                   
  |  |  +-- Pseudunio                    
  |  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **       
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__1 **
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__2 **
     +--+                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__1 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__2 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__3 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__4 **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 9 6 2 11 
                 +-- Cumberlandia               
  +--------------+                              
  |              +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                             
--+              +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 134 4 2 11 
  +-------------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                                
--+  +----------------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                             
  +--+              +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     |  +-----------+                              
     |  |           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     +--+                                          
        |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                                    
              |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 61 3 2 11 
              +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                                          
  |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 27 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 7 193 4 2 11 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
  +----------- Pseudunio                  
  |                                       
--+        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     |  |                                 
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+--+                              
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        |                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 27 3 2 11 
              +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 624 4 2 11 
  +----------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                             
--+              +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 61 3 2 11 
              +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                          
  |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 191 4 2 11 
              +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 21 4 2 11 
              +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 6 3 2 11 
              +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 7 193 4 2 10 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                          
--+  +----------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                       
  |  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+  |                                    
     |  |     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     |  +-----+                              
     +--+     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        |                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        |  |                                 
        +--+----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           |                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 22 3 2 11 
                 +-- Cumberlandia               
  +--------------+                              
  |              +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                             
--+              +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 61 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 21 4 2 11 
                 +-- Cumberlandia               
  +--------------+                              
  |              +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                             
--+              +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 19 4 2 11 
  +----------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                             
--+              +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **      
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 7 4 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 70 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 8 5 7 3 2 2 11 
  +----------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |                                       
  |     +----- Margaritifera_dahurica__1 **  
  |     |                                 
  +-----+----- Margaritifera_dahurica__2 **  
--+     |                                 
  |     |  +-- Pseudunio                  
  |     +--+                              
  |        +-- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 132 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 24 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 70 3 2 11 
  +-------------- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 24 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 4 2 2 11 
  +----------------- Pseudunio_auricularius__1  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pseudunio_auricularius__2  
--+                                             
  |  +-------------- Cumberlandia               
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 7 4 2 11 
              +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 6 132 3 2 11 
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 6 2 2 10 
  +----------- Pseudunio                  
  |                                       
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 7 2 2 10 
           +-- Pseudunio                  
  +--------+                              
  |        +-- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
--+        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 4 3 2 10 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                          
--+  +----------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 4 3 2 10 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                          
--+  +----------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 5 3 2 10 
  +----------------- Pseudunio_marocanus        
  |                                             
--+  +-------------- Pseudunio_auricularius     
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------- Cumberlandia               
     |  |                                       
     +--+        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        |  +-----+                              
        |  |     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
              +--+                              
                 +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 7 3 7 7 2 2 9 
  +-------- Margaritifera_dahurica **        
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |                                       
--+-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__3 **
  |                                       
  |     +-- Pseudunio                     
  +-----+                                 
  |     +-- Cumberlandia                  
  |                                       
  |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **         
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **    
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 32 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 4 32 0 0 9 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 87 2 2 10 
        +-- Cumberlandia               
  +-----+                              
  |     +-- Pseudunio                  
  |                                    
--+     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
  |  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     +--+                              
        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 4 3 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 0 4 113 0 0 10 
  +-- Gibbosula                  
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |                              
--+-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 87 2 2 10 
        +-- Pseudunio                  
  +-----+                              
  |     +-- Cumberlandia               
  |                                    
--+     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
  |  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
     +--+                              
        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 93 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 71 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 0 0 0 9 
  +----- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                              
     +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 71 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 53 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 38 3 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 93 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 39 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 71 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 7 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 36 1 1 9 
  +-------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                    
  |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **    
     +--+                              
        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 66 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 85 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 38 3 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 35 1 1 9 
  +-------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                    
  |  +----- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                              
        +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 83 2 2 9 
  +----------- Cumberlandia               
--+                                       
  |  +-------- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 13 0 0 9 
  +----- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                              
     +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 47 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia          
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 17 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 17 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 42 1 1 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio             
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **  
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 25 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 44 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia          
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 7 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 4 19 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera_laevis__2 **   
--+                                   
  |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis__1 **   
  +--+                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **
     +--+                             
        +-- Margaritifera_laevis__3 **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 37 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 42 1 1 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio             
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 120 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 25 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia               
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                              
     +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 36 1 1 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio             
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 35 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 38 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia          
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 30 1 1 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio             
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **      
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 74 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 31 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 3 12 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia               
  |                                 
--+  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |  |                              
  +--+-- Margaritifera_dahurica__1 **  
     |                              
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica__2 **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 32 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 31 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 14 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 15 0 3 14 0 0 20 
  +-------------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |                                                   
  |                 +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
  |  +--------------+                                 
--+  |              +-- Margaritifera_falcata **         
  |  |                                                
  |  |              +-- Lasmigona                     
  |  |           +--+                                 
  +--+           |  +-- Platynaias                    
     |  +--------+                                    
     |  |        |  +-- Pyganodon                     
     |  |        +--+                                 
     |  |           +-- Utterbackia                   
     +--+                                             
        |        +----- Fusconaia                     
        |  +-----+                                    
        |  |     |  +-- Pronodularia                  
        |  |     +--+                                 
        +--+        +-- Sinosolenaia                  
           |                                          
           |  +-------- Quadrula                      
           +--+                                       
              |  +----- Toxolasma                     
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-- Venustaconcha                 
                 +--+                                 
                    +-- Lampsilis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 46 1 1 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio             
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **      
--+                             
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata ** 
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia               
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                              
     +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Pseudunio

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia               
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                              
     +-- Pseudunio

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 2 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                                 
  |  +-- Pseudunio                  
  +--+                              
     +-- Cumberlandia

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia               
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                              
     +-- Pseudunio

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 25 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **
--+                        
  +-- Cumberlandia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 101 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Pseudunio

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Pseudunio

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **
--+                        
  +-- Cumberlandia

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 2 2 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio                  
--+                                 
  |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  +--+                              
     +-- Cumberlandia

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 2 2 -- 
  +----- Pseudunio                  
--+                                 
  |  +-- Cumberlandia               
  +--+                              
     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Pseudunio

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **
--+                        
  +-- Cumberlandia

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 79 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_laevis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia         
--+                        
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 50 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio                  
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 101 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 64 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **
--+                        
  +-- Cumberlandia

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+                              
  +-- Cumberlandia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 1 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio                  
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera_falcata **
--+                        
  +-- Cumberlandia

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia               
--+                              
  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **