Description of East Asia Region

East Asian SubregionsThe East Asia Region extends from the Amur River in Russia south through Japan, Korea, China, Indochina and Indonesia, and west to include India. East Asia is the most species-rich region on Earth, with a total of 373 species (95 genera) of freshwater mussels in three families: Unionidae, Margaritiferidae and Etheriidae.

The East Region is subdivided into seven subregions, each with a characteristic freshwater mussel assemblage. The low-richness basins north of the Amur draining into the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk comprise Beringia (AS1; 3 gen., 3 spp., 0 endemic). The Amur-Korea Subregion (AS2; 17 gen., 29 spp., 16 endemic ) includes the Amur Basin and rivers draining to the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, as far south as the Liao He Basin. Japan, Sakhalin Island, and the Kuril Islands are group as the Japan-Sakhalin Subregion (AS3; 14 gen., 28 spp., 19 endemic). The Yangtze-Huang Subregion (AS4; 33 gen., 95 spp., 72 endemic) covers the basins from the Pei River south through the Qiantang, as well as Taiwan. The area from southern China to the western Thailand, including the Mekong, is the Indochina Subregion (AS5; 45 gen., 151 spp., 129 endemic). The larger islands of Indonesia and the Philippines we group as the Sunda-Philippines Subregion (AS6; 17 gen., 31 spp., 24 endemic). The India-Myanmar Subregion (AS7; 20 gen., 82 spp., 77 endemic) extends from the Salween River in the east to the Indus on its western frontier. New Guinea is part of the Australasian Region, and Sulawesi does not seem to have any freshwater mussels.

Freshwater mussels of the Subregions

Endemic species are marked with an asterisk (*).

Beringia (AS1)

  1. Beringiana beringiana
  2. Margaritifera middendorffi
  1. Nodularia douglasiae

Amur-Korea (AS2)

  1. Aculamprotula coreana*
  2. Amuranodonta kijaensis*
  3. Anemina arcaeformis
  4. Beringiana beringiana
  5. Buldowskia flavotincta*
  6. Buldowskia iwakawai
  7. Buldowskia shadini*
  8. Buldowskia suifunica*
  9. Cristaria beirensis*
  10. Cristaria plicata
  11. Inversidens pantoensis
  12. Inversiunio verrucosus*
  13. Koreosolenaia sitgyensis*
  14. Lamprotula leaii
  15. Lamprotula seomjinensis*
  1. Lanceolaria acrorrhyncha*
  2. Lanceolaria cylindrica*
  3. Lanceolaria grayii
  4. Margaritifera dahurica*
  5. Middendorffinaia mongolica*
  6. Nodularia breviconcha*
  7. Nodularia douglasiae
  8. Nodularia dualobtusa*
  9. Parvasolenaia triangularis
  10. Sinanodonta lauta
  11. Sinanodonta schrenkii*
  12. Sinanodonta woodiana
  13. Unio pictorum
  14. Unio tumidus

Japan-Sakhalin (AS3)

  1. Anemina arcaeformis
  2. Beringiana beringiana
  3. Beringiana fukuharai*
  4. Beringiana gosannensis*
  5. Beringiana japonica*
  6. Buldowskia iwakawai
  7. Buldowskia kamiyai*
  8. Cristaria clessini*
  9. Cristaria plicata
  10. Inversidens brandtii*
  11. Inversiunio jokohamensis*
  12. Inversiunio reinianus*
  13. Inversiunio yanagawensis*
  14. Lanceolaria kihirai*
  1. Lanceolaria oxyrhyncha*
  2. Margaritifera laevis*
  3. Margaritifera middendorffi
  4. Nodularia douglasiae
  5. Nodularia nipponensis*
  6. Obovalis omiensis*
  7. Pletholophus reinianus*
  8. Pronodularia japanensis*
  9. Sinanodonta calipygos*
  10. Sinanodonta lauta
  11. Sinanodonta pacifica
  12. Sinanodonta tumens*
  13. Sinohyriopsis cumingii
  14. Sinohyriopsis schlegelii*

Yangtze-Huang (AS4)

  1. Acudonta baitiaoensis*
  2. Aculamprotula fibrosa*
  3. Aculamprotula grandidens*
  4. Aculamprotula nodulosa
  5. Aculamprotula polysticta*
  6. Aculamprotula scripta*
  7. Aculamprotula tientsinensis*
  8. Aculamprotula tortuosa*
  9. Aculamprotula zonata*
  10. Acuticosta chinensis*
  11. Acuticosta ovata*
  12. Acuticosta retiaria*
  13. Acuticosta sichuanica*
  14. Acuticosta trisulcata*
  15. Amblema plicata
  16. Anemina arcaeformis
  17. Cristaria plicata
  18. Cristaria radiata*
  19. Cristaria wangyucheni*
  20. Cuneopsis celtiformis*
  21. Cuneopsis celtiosimilis*
  22. Cuneopsis heudei*
  23. Cuneopsis kiangsiensis*
  24. Cuneopsis rufescens*
  25. Cuneopsis szechenyii*
  26. Diaurora aurorea*
  27. Diaurora laeve*
  28. Gibbosula confragosa*
  29. Gibbosula rochechouartii*
  30. Gigaunio sichuanensis*
  31. Globunio mirificus*
  32. Huizhou xietianxiangi*
  33. Inversidens pantoensis
  34. Inversidens rentianensis*
  35. Lamprotula bazini
  36. Lamprotula caveata
  37. Lamprotula chiai*
  38. Lamprotula cornuumlunae*
  39. Lamprotula divergens*
  40. Lamprotula elongata*
  41. Lamprotula kouangensis*
  42. Lamprotula leaii
  43. Lamprotula linae*
  44. Lamprotula microsticta*
  45. Lamprotula paschalis*
  46. Lamprotula triclava*
  47. Lanceolaria eucylindrica*
  48. Lanceolaria gladiola
  1. Lanceolaria grayii
  2. Lanceolaria lanceolata*
  3. Lanceolaria triformis*
  4. Lanceolaria yueyingae*
  5. Lepidodesma aligera*
  6. Lepidodesma languilati*
  7. Nodularia douglasiae
  8. Nodularia fusiformans*
  9. Nodularia hanensis*
  10. Nodularia huana*
  11. Nodularia persculpta*
  12. Parvasolenaia neotriangularis*
  13. Parvasolenaia rivularis*
  14. Parvasolenaia triangularis
  15. Pletholophus tenuis
  16. Potamilus alatus
  17. Pseudobaphia aurea*
  18. Pseudobaphia biesiana*
  19. Pseudocuneopsis capitata*
  20. Pseudocuneopsis liuovatus*
  21. Pseudocuneopsis perflora*
  22. Pseudocuneopsis sichuanensis*
  23. Pseudocuneopsis yemaoi*
  24. Pseudopostolata angula*
  25. Ptychorhynchus murinum*
  26. Ptychorhynchus pfisteri
  27. Ptychorhynchus schomburgianum
  28. Reginaia ebenus
  29. Schistodesmus lampreyanus*
  30. Schistodesmus luqiaoensis*
  31. Schistodesmus spinosus*
  32. Schistodesmus tongpenensis*
  33. Schistodesmus xinyuensis*
  34. Simpsonasus nankingensis*
  35. Sinanodonta angula*
  36. Sinanodonta elliptica
  37. Sinanodonta lucida
  38. Sinanodonta pacifica
  39. Sinanodonta woodiana
  40. Sinohyriopsis cumingii
  41. Sinosolenaia carinata*
  42. Sinosolenaia iridinea*
  43. Sinosolenaia oleivora*
  44. Sinosolenaia recognita
  45. Tchangsinaia piscicula*
  46. Tenuiunio accuratus*
  47. Tongchuania mingiana*

Indochina (AS5)

  1. Aculamprotula nodulosa
  2. Bineurus anodontinum*
  3. Bineurus exilis*
  4. Bineurus loeiensis*
  5. Bineurus mouhotii*
  6. Bineurus panhai*
  7. Chamberlainia duclerci*
  8. Chamberlainia hainesiana*
  9. Chamberlainia somsakpanhai*
  10. Cosmopseudodon resupinatus*
  11. Cristaria bellua*
  12. Cristaria plicata
  13. Cristaria truncata*
  14. Cuneopsis demangei*
  15. Ensidens dugasti*
  16. Ensidens ingallsianus*
  17. Ensidens jaculus*
  18. Ensidens sagittarius*
  19. Ensidens spiculus*
  20. Ensidens telus*
  21. Gibbosula crassa*
  22. Gibbosula laosensis*
  23. Gibbosula sinensis*
  24. Guiunio rarus*
  25. Harmandia somboriensis*
  26. Hyriopsis bialata*
  27. Hyriopsis delaportei*
  28. Hyriopsis desowitzi*
  29. Hyriopsis khoratensis*
  30. Hyriopsis kratiensis*
  31. Hyriopsis myersiana*
  32. Hyriopsis panhai*
  33. Hyriopsis phuphaniensis*
  34. Hyriopsis sakhonensis*
  35. Indonaia gratiosa*
  36. Indonaia substriata*
  37. Isannaia fortunata*
  38. Isannaia occultata*
  39. Lamprotula bazini
  40. Lamprotula blaisei*
  41. Lamprotula caveata
  42. Lamprotula leaii
  43. Lamprotula nanningensis*
  44. Lamprotula plumbea*
  45. Lamprotula salaputium*
  46. Lanceolaria bilirata*
  47. Lanceolaria fruhstorferi*
  48. Lanceolaria gladiola
  49. Lanceolaria grayii
  50. Lanceolaria hoabinhensis*
  51. Lanceolaria laevis*
  52. Lanceolaria tagaropoppeorum*
  53. Lannanaia kokensis*
  54. Lens comptus*
  55. Lens contradens
  56. Lens eximius*
  57. Lens fultoni*
  58. Lens inornatus*
  59. Lens maenamensis*
  60. Lens micropterus*
  61. Lens misellus*
  62. Lens novoselovi*
  63. Lens pallegoixi*
  64. Lens rolfbrandti*
  65. Leoparreysia subcircularis*
  66. Leoparreysia superstes*
  67. Mimo guoliangi*
  68. Mimo jiaoyue*
  69. Modellnaia siamensis*
  70. Namkongnaia inkhavilayi*
  71. Namkongnaia lemeslei*
  72. Nodularia diespiter*
  73. Nodularia dorri*
  74. Nodularia douglasiae
  75. Nodularia gladiator*
  76. Nodularia guiensis*
  1. Nodularia micheloti*
  2. Nodularia nuxpersicae*
  3. Nyeinchanconcha nyeinchani*
  4. Physunio massini*
  5. Physunio modelli*
  6. Physunio pellucidus*
  7. Physunio superbus
  8. Pilsbryoconcha acuta*
  9. Pilsbryoconcha carinifera*
  10. Pilsbryoconcha exilis
  11. Pilsbryoconcha hoikaab*
  12. Pilsbryoconcha kittitati*
  13. Pilsbryoconcha linguaeformis*
  14. Pilsbryoconcha mekongiana*
  15. Pilsbryoconcha schomburgki*
  16. Pletholophus guangzhouensis*
  17. Pletholophus honglinhensis*
  18. Pletholophus tenuis
  19. Postolata guangxiensis*
  20. Postolata longjiangensis*
  21. Protunio messageri*
  22. Pseudobaphia banggiangensis*
  23. Pseudocuneopsis wuana*
  24. Pseudocuneopsis yangshuoensis*
  25. Pseudodon cambodjensis*
  26. Pseudodon mekongi*
  27. Pseudodon septuaginta*
  28. Pseudodon vagulus*
  29. Pseudodon vondembuschianus
  30. Ptychorhynchus pfisteri
  31. Ptychorhynchus schoedei*
  32. Ptychorhynchus schomburgianum
  33. Rectidens sumatrensis
  34. Rhombuniopsis fultoni*
  35. Rhombuniopsis heres*
  36. Rhombuniopsis linan*
  37. Rhombuniopsis songmeng*
  38. Rhombuniopsis tauriformis*
  39. Scabiellus songkramensis*
  40. Scabies anceps*
  41. Scabies crispata
  42. Scabies humilis*
  43. Scabies mandarinus*
  44. Scabies nucleus*
  45. Scabies phaselus*
  46. Scabies pilata*
  47. Scabies scobinatus*
  48. Sinanodonta elliptica
  49. Sinanodonta jourdyi*
  50. Sinanodonta lucida
  51. Sinanodonta pacifica
  52. Sinohyriopsis cumingii
  53. Sinohyriopsis goliath*
  54. Sinosolenaia recognita
  55. Solenaia emarginata*
  56. Songkhlanaia moreleti*
  57. Songkhlanaia songkhramensis*
  58. Songkhlanaia tamodienica*
  59. Sundadontina brandti*
  60. Sundadontina cumingii*
  61. Sundadontina harmandi*
  62. Sundadontina mabilli*
  63. Sundadontina ovalis*
  64. Sundadontina plugpomenica*
  65. Sundadontina ponderosa*
  66. Sundadontina sulcata*
  67. Sundadontina taskaevi*
  68. Sundadontina tumida*
  69. Thaiconcha callifera*
  70. Thaiconcha munelliptica*
  71. Thaiconcha thaiensis*
  72. Trapezoideus foliaceus*
  73. Trapezoideus subviridis*
  74. Trapezoideus thachiadensis*
  75. Unionetta fabagina*

Sunda-Philippines (AS6)

  1. Caudiculatus caudiculatus*
  2. Cosmopseudodon aeneolus*
  3. Ctenodesma bersinara*
  4. Ctenodesma borneensis*
  5. Ctenodesma mawonae*
  6. Ctenodesma scheibeneri*
  7. Discomya radulosa*
  8. Elongaria orientalis*
  9. Elongaria trompi*
  10. Hyriopsis velthuizeni*
  11. Khairuloconcha lunbawangorum*
  12. Khairuloconcha sahanae*
  13. Lens contradens
  14. Lens lugens*
  15. Lens semmelinki*
  16. Physunio superbus
  1. Pilsbryoconcha exilis
  2. Pilsbryoconcha expressa*
  3. Pressidens exanthematicus*
  4. Prohyriopsis stolata*
  5. Pseudodon inoscularis*
  6. Pseudodon vondembuschianus
  7. Pseudodon walpolei*
  8. Rectidens lauris*
  9. Rectidens sumatrensis
  10. Schepmania nieuwenhuisi*
  11. Schepmania parcesculpta*
  12. Simpsonella burroughiana*
  13. Simpsonella gracilis*
  14. Sinanodonta lauta
  15. Sinanodonta pacifica

India-Myanmar (AS7)

  1. Arcidopsis footei*
  2. Assamnaia involuta*
  3. Balwantia soleniformis*
  4. Indochinella pugio*
  5. Indonaia andersoniana*
  6. Indonaia bonneaudii*
  7. Indonaia caerulea*
  8. Indonaia corbis*
  9. Indonaia cylindrica*
  10. Indonaia olivaria*
  11. Indonaia rugosa*
  12. Indonaia shurtleffiana*
  13. Indonaia subclathrata*
  14. Indonaia theobaldi*
  15. Indopseudodon bogani*
  16. Indopseudodon crebristriatus*
  17. Indopseudodon indawgyiensis*
  18. Indopseudodon kayinensis*
  19. Indopseudodon salwenianus*
  20. Lamellidens candaharicus*
  21. Lamellidens chindwinensis*
  22. Lamellidens corrianus*
  23. Lamellidens ferrugineus*
  24. Lamellidens friersoni*
  25. Lamellidens generosus*
  26. Lamellidens jenkinsianus*
  27. Lamellidens lamellatus*
  28. Lamellidens mainwaringi*
  29. Lamellidens marginalis*
  30. Lamellidens nongyangensis
  31. Lamellidens savadiensis*
  32. Lamellidens unioides*
  33. Leoparreysia burmana*
  34. Leoparreysia canefrii*
  35. Leoparreysia olivacea*
  36. Leoparreysia perconvexa*
  37. Leoparreysia tavoyensis*
  38. Leoparreysia vulcanus*
  39. Leoparreysia whitteni*
  40. Parreysia corrugata*
  41. Parreysia keralaensis*
  1. Parreysia marcens*
  2. Parreysia nagpoorensis*
  3. Parreysia plagiosoma*
  4. Parreysia rajahensis*
  5. Parreysia rakhinensis*
  6. Parreysia smaragdites*
  7. Pilsbryoconcha exilis
  8. Pseudodon lenyanensis*
  9. Pseudodon nicobaricus*
  10. Pseudomulleria dalyi*
  11. Pseudoscabies scobina*
  12. Radiatula chaudhurii*
  13. Radiatula chindwinensis*
  14. Radiatula crispisulcata*
  15. Radiatula kachinensis*
  16. Radiatula mouhoti*
  17. Radiatula myitkyinae*
  18. Radiatula myitthanensis*
  19. Scabies crispata
  20. Sinanodonta pacifica
  21. Sinanodonta woodiana
  22. Sundadontina tanintharyiensis*
  23. Trapezidens angustior*
  24. Trapezidens dolichorhynchus*
  25. Trapezidens exolescens*
  26. Trapezidens mogaungensis*
  27. Trapezidens scutum*
  28. Trapezidens yeti*
  29. Trapezoideus lenya*
  30. Trapezoideus mitanensis*
  31. Yaukthwa avaensis*
  32. Yaukthwa baniensis*
  33. Yaukthwa dalliana*
  34. Yaukthwa elongatula*
  35. Yaukthwa inlenensis*
  36. Yaukthwa nesemanni*
  37. Yaukthwa paiensis*
  38. Yaukthwa panhai*
  39. Yaukthwa peguensis*
  40. Yaukthwa rectangularis*
  41. Yaukthwa zayleymanensis*