Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini

subtribe ALASMIDONTINA Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

17 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 49 (53 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 17
analyzed in 218 cladograms in 131 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 36 (mean = 4.42, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 15 (mean = 3.21, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 183
maximum number of included terminals = 36, (mean = 5.08 median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 15 (mean = 3.63, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.85

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 136
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 36 (mean = 5.47, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 15 (mean = 3.95, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.8

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Alasmidontina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Alasmidontina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 34 15 3 3 1 0 
  +----------------------- Anodonta        
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Pseudanodonta   
  |  |                                     
--+  |     +-------------- Utterbackiana **   
  |  |  +--+                               
  |  |  |  |  +----------- Alasminota **      
  |  |  |  +--+                            
  +--+  |     |  +-------- Pseudodontoideus **
     |  |     +--+                         
     |  |        |  +----- Lasmigona **       
     |  |        +--+                      
     |  |           |  +-- Pterosyna **       
     |  |           +--+                   
     +--+              +-- Arcidens **        
        |                                  
        |              +-- Prolasmidonta **   
        |           +--+                   
        |           |  +-- Platynaias **      
        |     +-----+                      
        |     |     |  +-- Ligodonta **       
        |     |     +--+                   
        |     |        +-- Alasmidonta **     
        +-----+                            
              |        +-- Anodontoides **    
              |  +-----+                   
              |  |     +-- Strophitus **      
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Sulcularia **      
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Utterbackia **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 47 50 14 596 43 2 40 
                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus **      
  +--------------+                               
  |              |  +----- Lasmigona **             
  |              +--+                            
  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna **             
  |                 +--+                         
--+                    +-- Arcidens **              
  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Anodontina            
  |  |                                           
  |  |     +-------------- Utterbackia **           
  |  |  +--+                                     
  +--+  |  |  +----------- Pyganodon_grandis **     
     |  |  +--+                                  
     |  |     |  +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris **   
     |  |     +--+                               
     |  |        |  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2 **
     +--+        +--+                            
        |           |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1 **
        |           +--+                         
        |              +-- Potamilus             
        |                                        
        |  +-------------- Utterbackiana **         
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias **           
           |  |                                  
           |  |        +-- Alasminota **            
           +--+  +-----+                         
              |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **           
              |  |                               
              +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **         
                 |  +--+                         
                 |  |  +-- Platynaias **            
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Anodontoides **          
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Strophitus **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 34 14 8 8 2 27 
  +-------------------------- Cristariina     
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                                        
  |  |                    +-- Brachyanodon    
  +--+  +-----------------+                   
     |  |                 +-- Pseudanodonta   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina
        |  |                                  
        |  |              +-- Utterbackia **     
        |  |  +-----------+                   
        +--+  |           +-- Pyganodon **       
           |  |                               
           |  |     +-------- Utterbackiana **   
           |  |     |                         
           +--+  +--+     +-- Lasmigona **       
              |  |  |  +--+                   
              |  |  |  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
              |  |  +--+                      
              |  |     |  +-- Pterosyna **       
              |  |     +--+                   
              +--+        +-- Arcidens **        
                 |                            
                 |     +----- Sulcularia **      
                 |  +--+                      
                 |  |  |  +-- Anodontoides **    
                 |  |  +--+                   
                 |  |     +-- Strophitus **      
                 +--+                         
                    |     +-- Prolasmidonta **   
                    |  +--+                   
                    |  |  +-- Platynaias **      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Alasminota **      
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Alasmidonta **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 26 12 1 1 1 23 
  +----------------------- Anodontina      
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Utterbackiana **   
  |  |                                     
  |  |                 +-- Utterbackia **     
  +--+  +--------------+                   
     |  |              +-- Pyganodon **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+           +----- Alasmidonta **     
        |  +--------+                      
        |  |        |  +-- Arcidens **        
        |  |        +--+                   
        +--+           +-- Pseudodontoideus **
           |                               
           |  +----------- Alasminota **      
           |  |                            
           +--+        +-- Anodontoides **    
              |  +-----+                   
              |  |     +-- Strophitus **      
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Sulcularia **      
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Platynaias **      
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Prolasmidonta **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 11 2 2 1 32 
  +----------------------- Anodontina      
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Sulcularia **      
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-------- Utterbackiana **   
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        |  +----- Alasminota **      
     |  |        +--+                      
     |  |           |  +-- Arcidens **        
     +--+           +--+                   
        |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **
        |                                  
        |  +-------------- Alasmidonta **     
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Platynaias **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Strophitus **      
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Pyganodon **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Utterbackia **     
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Anodontoides **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 16 8 1 1 1 29 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
  |           +-- Utterbackia **     
--+  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Pyganodon **       
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Anodontoides **    
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Strophitus **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Alasmidonta **     
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Alasminota **      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
           +--+                   
              +-- Utterbackiana **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 20 0 10 89 4 2 42 
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina                
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 16 13 6 2 2 1 44 
           +-- Lasmigona **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 16 10 6 2 2 1 42 
           +-- Platynaias **   
           |                
  +--------+-- Lasmigona **    
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodonta     
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon 
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                
           +-- Pyganodon **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 13 9 6 0 0 29 
     +-------- Pseudodontoideus **
  +--+                         
  |  |  +----- Lasmigona **       
  |  +--+                      
  |     |  +-- Pterosyna **       
--+     +--+                   
  |        +-- Arcidens **        
  |                            
  |  +-------- Strophitus **      
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Pyganodon **       
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Utterbackia **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Platynaias **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Alasmidonta **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 15 13 6 2 2 1 44 
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 15 2 6 2 2 1 45 
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta                   
  |                                 
  +----- Brachyanodon               
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 15 13 6 2 2 1 44 
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 10 7 27 1 1 34 
  +-------------- Cristariina
  |                          
--+           +-- Pterosyna **  
  |  +--------+              
  |  |        +-- Lasmigona **  
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Strophitus ** 
     |  |                    
     +--+     +-- Platynaias ** 
        |  +--+              
        |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Pyganodon **  
           +--+              
              +-- Utterbackia **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 10 7 28 3 2 38 
  +----------------- Cristariina
  |                             
--+  +-------------- Anodontina 
  |  |                          
  |  |           +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+  +--------+              
     |  |        +-- Utterbackia **
     |  |                       
     +--+        +-- Lasmigona **  
        |  +-----+              
        |  |     +-- Pterosyna **  
        +--+                    
           |  +----- Alasmidonta **
           +--+                 
              |  +-- Strophitus ** 
              +--+              
                 +-- Platynaias **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 6 6 0 0 39 
        +-- Alasmidonta **
  +-----+              
  |     +-- Pterosyna **  
  |                    
--+     +-- Strophitus ** 
  |  +--+              
  |  |  +-- Platynaias ** 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 6 0 0 0 35 
  +----------- Pyganodon **    
  |                         
--+        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Strophitus **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Platynaias **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 9 29 0 0 39 
  +-------------- Strophitus **  
  |                           
  |        +----- Pterosyna **   
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     |  +-- Lasmigona **   
  |  |     +--+               
  +--+        +-- Arcidens **    
     |                        
     |  +-------- Utterbackia ** 
     |  |                     
     +--+-------- Alasmidonta ** 
        |                     
        |  +----- Pyganodon **   
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Anodontoides **
           +--+               
              +-- Platynaias **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 10 5 8 24 1 1 32 
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta **  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 6 133 9 2 36 
  +-------------------- Cristariina        
  |                                        
  |                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea    
--+  +--------------+                      
  |  |              +-- Anodonta_exulcerata
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Anodonta_anatina   
     |  |                                  
     |  |           +-- Brachyanodon       
     +--+  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Pseudanodonta      
        |  |                               
        +--+        +-- Pyganodon **          
           |  +-----+                      
           |  |     +-- Utterbackia **        
           |  |                            
           +--+     +-- Pterosyna **          
              |  +--+                      
              |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta **      
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **        
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Platynaias **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 18 10 8 10 9 2 46 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon **                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota **                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionina                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias **                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 11 4 6 193 13 2 39 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
  |  +-------- Alasmidonta **     
  |  |                         
--+  +-------- Lasmigona **       
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta   
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Simpsonaias **     
  +--+                         
     +-------- Strophitus **      
     |                         
     |     +-- Pyganodon **       
     +-----+                   
     |     +-- Utterbackia **     
     |                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
        +--+                   
           +-- Brachyanodon

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 11 8 6 191 13 2 39 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
  |           +-- Alasmidonta **     
  |  +--------+                   
--+  |        +-- Lasmigona **       
  |  |                            
  |  |     +----- Anodonta_anatina
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Brachyanodon    
     |                            
     |        +-- Pyganodon **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Simpsonaias **     
           +--+                   
              +-- Strophitus **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 69 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+                 +-- Pseudanodonta
  |  +--------------+                
  |  |              +-- Anodonta     
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Brachyanodon 
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 47 24 6 193 13 2 74 
  +-------- Acuticosta           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolaria          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 85 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Brachyanodon 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Pseudanodonta
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodonta     
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 89 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina        
  |                                        
  |  +----------------- Brachyanodon       
--+  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Pseudanodonta      
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Anodonta_cygnea    
     |  |                                  
     |  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata
     |  +-----------+                      
     +--+           +-- Anodonta_anatina   
        |                                  
        |           +-- Pyganodon **          
        |  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **        
        +--+                               
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **          
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **      
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **        
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Platynaias **

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 29 
  +-- Anodontoides **
--+               
  +-- Strophitus **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 89 19 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Anodonta     
  |  |                               
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudanodonta
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 6 2 33 
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Pyganodon **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Prolasmidonta **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Alasmidonta **     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Platynaias **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 85 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+                 +-- Pseudanodonta
  |  +--------------+                
  |  |              +-- Anodonta     
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Brachyanodon 
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 2 3 1 0 0 37 
  +----- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                         
  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                         
--+----- Pyganodon_fragilis ** 
  |                         
  +----- Pyganodon **          
  |                         
  |  +-- Platynaias **         
  +--+                      
     +-- Arcidens **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 58 19 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Anodonta     
  |  |                               
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudanodonta
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 2 0 0 0 39 
  +-- Utterbackia **
--+              
  +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 89 11 2 37 
  +-------------- Cristariina  
  |                            
--+  +----------- Anodontina   
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Alasmidonta **  
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Platynaias **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Prolasmidonta **
           +--+                
              +-- Pterosyna **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 6 2 33 
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Pyganodon **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Prolasmidonta **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Alasmidonta **     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Platynaias **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 47 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Brachyanodon 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Pseudanodonta
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodonta     
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Platynaias **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 6 46 11 2 35 
  +-------------------- Cristariina  
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Brachyanodon 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Pseudanodonta
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodonta     
     |  |                            
     +--+           +-- Pyganodon **    
        |  +--------+                
        |  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Pterosyna **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Prolasmidonta **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Platynaias **   
                 +--+                
                    +-- Alasmidonta **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 62 13 2 32 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Pyganodon **    
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Platynaias **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 6 3 0 0 33 
  +-------- Pyganodon ** 
  |                   
  |     +-- Platynaias **
--+-----+             
  |     +-- Strophitus **
  |                   
  |  +----- Lasmigona ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Arcidens **  
     +--+             
        +-- Pterosyna **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 2 6 29 0 0 34 
  +----- Alasmidonta **
  |                 
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Pterosyna **  
  +--+              
  |  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |                 
  |  +-- Platynaias ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Strophitus **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 21 0 0 39 
        +-- Utterbackia **  
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Utterbackiana **
--+                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 63 6 2 34 
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Pyganodon **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Prolasmidonta **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Platynaias **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidonta **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 5 0 0 0 32 
     +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--+                
  |  +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Prolasmidonta **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Strophitus **   
     |                
     +-- Platynaias **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 34 32 5 28 5 2 63 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontina           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesma             
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |           +--------+                           
     |           |        +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +--------+                                    
     |  |        |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |        +--+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Sinohyriopsis           
     |  |           +--+                              
     +--+              |  +-- Parvasolenaia           
        |              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Sinosolenaia            
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulina              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 62 13 2 32 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Pyganodon **    
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Platynaias **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 62 13 2 32 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Pyganodon **    
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Platynaias **   
        +--+                
           +-- Prolasmidonta **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 36 2 2 33 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 77 5 2 37 
  +----------------- Cristariina
--+                             
  |  +-------------- Anodontina 
  +--+                          
     |  +----------- Pyganodon **  
     +--+                       
        |  +-------- Simpsonaias **
        +--+                    
           |  +----- Strophitus ** 
           +--+                 
              |  +-- Alasmidonta **
              +--+              
                 +-- Lasmigona **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 75 9 2 37 
  +-------------- Cristariina
  |                          
--+  +----------- Anodontina 
  |  |                       
  +--+        +-- Pyganodon **  
     |  +-----+              
     |  |     +-- Simpsonaias **
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Strophitus ** 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Alasmidonta **
           +--+              
              +-- Lasmigona **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 29 2 1 38 
  +-------------- Cristariina  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Strophitus **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
           +--+                
              +-- Lasmigona **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 1 5 133 10 2 36 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
  |                         
  +-------- Pseudanodonta   
  |                         
  |     +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
--+-----+                   
  |     +-- Brachyanodon    
  |                         
  |  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |  |                      
  |  +----- Simpsonaias **     
  +--+                      
     +----- Strophitus **      
     |                      
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **     
     +--+                   
        +-- Lasmigona **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 14 5 5 29 2 1 46 
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticosta   
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolaria  
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 1 5 117 28 2 36 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta   
--+  |                         
  |  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  +--+                      
  |  |  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina
  +--+  +--+                   
     |     +-- Brachyanodon    
     |                         
     |  +----- Pyganodon **       
     |  |                      
     |  +----- Simpsonaias **     
     +--+                      
        +----- Strophitus **      
        |                      
        |  +-- Alasmidonta **     
        +--+                   
           +-- Lasmigona **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 6 4 5 23 1 1 39 
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 4 11 0 0 35 
     +-- Lasmigona **  
  +--+              
  |  +-- Platynaias ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 133 10 2 35 
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Anodonta_anatina
  |  |                               
  |  |        +----- Pseudanodonta   
  +--+  +-----+                      
     |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     |  |     +--+                   
     |  |        +-- Brachyanodon    
     +--+                            
        |        +-- Lasmigona **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Simpsonaias **     
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Pyganodon **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Strophitus **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 4 35 6 2 33 
  +----------- Cristariina  
  |                         
--+  +-------- Anodontina   
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackia **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 4 25 1 1 35 
  +-------- Anodontina 
  |                    
--+     +-- Alasmidonta **
  |  +--+              
  |  |  +-- Lasmigona **  
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Strophitus ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 2 4 48 8 2 36 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
     |  |                         
     +--+  +----- Strophitus **      
        |  |                      
        +--+  +-- Platynaias **      
           |  |                   
           +--+-- Alasmidonta **     
              |                   
              +-- Pyganodon **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 17 0 5 119 10 2 47 
  +-- Alasmidonta **          
  |                        
  +-- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                        
  +-- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                        
  +-- Brachyanodon         
  |                        
  +-- Lasmigona **            
  |                        
  +-- Pseudanodonta        
  |                        
  +-- Pyganodon **            
  |                        
  +-- Simpsonaias **          
  |                        
  +-- Strophitus **           
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_lauta    
  |                        
  +-- Cristaria_plicata    
  |                        
  +-- Cristaria_radiata    
  |                        
  +-- Pletholophus         
  |                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_lucida   
  |                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi  
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 4 25 1 1 35 
  +-------- Anodontina 
  |                    
--+     +-- Alasmidonta **
  |  +--+              
  |  |  +-- Lasmigona **  
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Strophitus ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 20 3 2 33 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta
--+                          
  |  +----------- Cristaria  
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Anodontina 
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Platynaias ** 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Pyganodon **  
           +--+              
              +-- Utterbackia **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 20 3 2 33 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 71 9 2 37 
  +-------------- Cristariina
  |                          
--+  +----------- Anodontina 
  |  |                       
  +--+        +-- Pyganodon **  
     |  +-----+              
     |  |     +-- Simpsonaias **
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Strophitus ** 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Alasmidonta **
           +--+              
              +-- Lasmigona **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 71 9 2 35 
  +-------------- Cristariina
  |                          
--+  +----------- Anodontina 
  |  |                       
  +--+        +-- Alasmidonta **
     |  +-----+              
     |  |     +-- Lasmigona **  
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Pyganodon **  
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Strophitus ** 
           +--+              
              +-- Simpsonaias **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 36 2 2 33 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 6 3 4 98 2 1 35 
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 42 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 38 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 42 0 0 32 
  +-------- Lasmigona **  
--+                    
  |  +----- Alasmidonta **
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Strophitus ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 70 6 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 52 6 2 34 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lasmigona **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pyganodon **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Utterbackia **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 8 0 0 34 
  +----- Platynaias ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 28 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 43 0 0 32 
  +-------- Lasmigona **  
--+                    
  |  +----- Alasmidonta **
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Strophitus ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 42 0 0 32 
  +-------- Lasmigona **  
--+                    
  |  +----- Alasmidonta **
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Strophitus ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 8 0 0 34 
  +----- Platynaias ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 0 0 38 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 38 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 19 6 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 43 0 0 32 
  +-------- Lasmigona **  
--+                    
  |  +----- Alasmidonta **
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Strophitus **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 27 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 50 6 2 32 
  +----------- Cristariina  
  |                         
--+  +-------- Anodontina   
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Pyganodon **    
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
        +--+                
           +-- Prolasmidonta **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 1 1 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 34 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 4 21 2 1 33 
  +-------- Anodontina 
  |                    
--+  +----- Lasmigona **  
  |  |                 
  +--+  +-- Strophitus ** 
     |  |              
     +--+-- Alasmidonta **
        |              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 84 6 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 15 9 2 34 
  +----------------- Cristariina        
  |                                     
--+  +-------------- Anodonta_anatina   
  |  |                                  
  |  |        +----- Pseudanodonta      
  +--+  +-----+                         
     |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata
     |  |     +--+                      
     +--+        +-- Anodonta_cygnea    
        |                               
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon       
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Platynaias **         
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Pyganodon **          
              +--+                      
                 +-- Utterbackia **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 35 6 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 16 2 1 34 
  +----------- Sinanodonta
--+                       
  |  +-------- Cristaria  
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 82 7 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 12 2 1 34 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Platynaias ** 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 40 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Pterosyna **  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 1 1 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 45 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 40 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Pterosyna **  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 44 5 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 3 4 98 2 1 35 
  +----------- Brachyanodon    
  |                            
--+        +-- Anodonta        
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Pyganodon **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lasmigona **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 1 3 7 1 1 36 
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 0 0 33 
  +-- Lasmigona ** 
--+             
  +-- Platynaias **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 50 4 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 18 4 2 35 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta
--+                          
  |  +----------- Anemina    
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Cristaria  
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Anodontina 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Pyganodon **  
           +--+              
              +-- Utterbackia **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 17 0 2 19 1 1 50 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonidea            
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 27 4 2 35 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 20 1 1 33 
  +-------- Anodontina
--+                   
  |  +----- Lasmigona ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Strophitus **
     +--+             
        +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 19 4 2 35 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta
--+                          
  |  +----------- Anemina    
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Cristaria  
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Anodontina 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Pyganodon **  
           +--+              
              +-- Utterbackia **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 28 2 1 35 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Strophitus ** 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Platynaias ** 
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 37 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 50 4 2 34 
  +----------- Cristariina
--+                       
  |  +-------- Anodontina 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Platynaias ** 
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Utterbackia **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 17 0 2 19 1 1 50 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonidea            
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 4 3 88 7 2 36 
  +-------------- Cristariina  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anodonta     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pyganodon **    
           +--+                
              +-- Strophitus **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 2 3 21 1 1 34 
  +-------- Lasmigona ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Anodontina
  +--+                
     |  +-- Pyganodon ** 
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 10 0 2 16 0 0 43 
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 3 88 7 2 35 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pyganodon **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Strophitus **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 21 1 1 33 
  +-------- Anodontina
--+                   
  |  +----- Lasmigona ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Strophitus **
     +--+             
        +-- Pyganodon **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 12 0 2 12 4 2 44 
              +-- Anodontina  
  +-----------+               
  |           +-- Utterbackia ** 
  |                           
--+        +----- Oxynaiina   
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     |  +-- Pyganodon **   
  |  |     +--+               
  +--+        +-- Cristariina 
     |                        
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Quadrulina  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Potamilus   
           +--+               
              +-- Lampsilis

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **
  +--+              
     +-- Lasmigona **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Utterbackia **
--+              
  +-- Pyganodon **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 29 1 1 35 
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Alasmidonta **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 32 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina
--+                
  |  +-- Strophitus **
  +--+             
     +-- Pyganodon **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 17 7 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Platynaias ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Lasmigona **
--+            
  +-- Pyganodon **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Platynaias **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina
--+                
  |  +-- Strophitus **
  +--+             
     +-- Pyganodon **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina
--+                
  |  +-- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 2 2 -- 
     +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 38 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **
--+            
  +-- Lasmigona **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **
--+            
  +-- Lasmigona **

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Anodonta     
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudanodonta
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Platynaias **   
     +--+                
        +-- Pyganodon **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 29 1 1 35 
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **  
--+              
  +-- Utterbackia **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **
  +--+              
     +-- Lasmigona **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina
--+                
  |  +-- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Platynaias **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **
  +--+              
     +-- Lasmigona **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
  |                 
--+----- Anodontina 
  |                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 26 11 2 -- 
  +-------------- Cristariina                
  |                                          
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata        
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea            
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi     
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina           
           +--+                              
              +-- Utterbackiana **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 17 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **
  +--+              
     +-- Lasmigona **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Utterbackia **
--+              
  +-- Pyganodon **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **
     +--+              
        +-- Lasmigona **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 1 1 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  +--+              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **
     +--+              
        +-- Lasmigona **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 0 0 -- 
  +-- Alasmidonta **
--+              
  +-- Pyganodon **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **  
--+              
  +-- Utterbackia **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Utterbackia **
--+              
  +-- Pyganodon **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 7 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 45 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 17 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Utterbackia **
     +--+              
        +-- Pyganodon **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 3 0 0 -- 
  +-- Lasmigona **
--+            
  +-- Pyganodon **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 15 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Utterbackiana **
--+                
  +-- Pyganodon **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 1 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia **
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontina 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Pyganodon **  
     +--+              
        +-- Utterbackia **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **
--+            
  +-- Lasmigona **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 1 1 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon **  
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Lasmigona_costata **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 4 1 -- 
     +-- Cristaria  
  +--+              
  |  +-- Platynaias ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Anemina    
  +--+              
     +-- Sinanodonta

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 4 2 -- 
  +-- Pyganodon ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 25 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina
--+             
  +-- Pyganodon **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 1 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina 
--+              
  +-- Utterbackia **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Pyganodon **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon **