Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini

subtribe ANODONTINA Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

3 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 11 (24 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 3
analyzed in 226 cladograms in 122 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 10 (mean = 2.02, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.43, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 110
maximum number of included terminals = 10, (mean = 3.09 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.88, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.6

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 59
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 10 (mean = 3.63, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.37, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.37

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Anodontina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Anodontina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 37 38 3 37 37 2 0 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon **    
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                   
           +-- Alasmidontina

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 3 622 69 2 47 
  +----------------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                                   
--+  +-------------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +----------------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
     |  |                                             
     |  |           +----- Anodonta_cygnea **            
     +--+  +--------+                                 
        |  |        |  +-- Anodonta_seddonae **          
        |  |        +--+                              
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **        
           |                                          
           |  +----------- Brachyanodon_impura **        
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +-------- Brachyanodon **               
              |  |                                    
              +--+  +----- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana__1 **
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+----- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana__2 **
                    |                                 
                    |  +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
                    +--+                              
                       +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 9 7 2 21 6 2 39 
  +-------------- Cristariina                
  |                                          
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **        
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **           
           +--+                              
              +-- Alasmidontina

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 18 10 3 11 10 2 46 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionina                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 10 3 49 13 2 38 
  +----------- Cristariina  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidontina
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Anodonta **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 10 3 48 13 2 38 
  +----------- Cristariina  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidontina
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Anodonta **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 8 3 91 13 2 36 
  +----------- Cristariina        
  |                               
--+  +-------- Brachyanodon **       
  |  |                            
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **      
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **    
     |  |                         
     +--+----- Alasmidontina      
        |                         
        |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
        +--+                      
           +-- Anodonta_anatina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 10 3 71 13 2 38 
  +-------- Cristariina  
  |                      
--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 9 7 3 14 8 2 39 
  +-------------- Cristariina        
  |                                  
--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **   
  |  |                               
  +--+        +-- Brachyanodon **       
     |  +-----+                      
     |  |     +-- Alasmidontina      
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta **      
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
           +--+                      
              +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 0 0 41 
  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **   
--+                               
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **      
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Anodonta_exulcerata **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Anodonta_seddonae **  
        +--+                      
           +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 91 13 2 39 
  +----------- Cristariina  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Alasmidontina
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudanodonta **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 10 3 87 13 2 38 
  +-------- Cristariina  
  |                      
--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 0 0 41 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Anodonta **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 12 10 3 87 13 2 38 
  +----------- Cristariina  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Alasmidontina
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        +--+                
           +-- Anodonta **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 13 11 3 136 12 2 35 
  +-------------- Cristariina        
  |                                  
--+           +-- Anodonta_cygnea **    
  |  +--------+                      
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **   
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Alasmidontina      
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Brachyanodon **       
           +--+                      
              +-- Pseudanodonta **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 4 2 1 40 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **   
--+                            
  |  +----- Pseudanodonta **      
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **    
     +--+                      
        +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 7 3 134 11 2 43 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Alasmidontina   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                   
              +-- Brachyanodon **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 8 3 194 16 2 42 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
  |           +-- Alasmidonta     
  |  +--------+                   
--+  |        +-- Lasmigona       
  |  |                            
  |  |     +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Brachyanodon **    
     |                            
     |        +-- Pyganodon       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Utterbackia     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Simpsonaias     
           +--+                   
              +-- Strophitus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 4 3 118 29 2 41 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
--+  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
  |  |                         
  +--+-------- Alasmidontina   
     |                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                   
           +-- Brachyanodon **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 3 3 134 11 2 40 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                      
  +----- Alasmidontina   
  |                      
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                   
     +-- Brachyanodon **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 47 24 3 196 16 2 73 
  +-------- Acuticosta           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon **         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolaria          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 3 76 10 2 39 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
--+  +-------- Alasmidontina   
  |  |                         
  +--+  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
     |  |                      
     +--+  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
        |  |                   
        +--+-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           |                   
           +-- Brachyanodon **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 17 0 3 120 11 2 46 
  +-- Alasmidonta          
  |                        
  +-- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                        
  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                        
  +-- Brachyanodon **         
  |                        
  +-- Lasmigona            
  |                        
  +-- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                        
  +-- Pyganodon            
  |                        
  +-- Simpsonaias          
  |                        
  +-- Strophitus           
--+                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_lauta    
  |                        
  +-- Cristaria_plicata    
  |                        
  +-- Cristaria_radiata    
  |                        
  +-- Pletholophus         
  |                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_lucida   
  |                        
  +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi  
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
  |                        
  +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 9 2 92 22 2 37 
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 4 2 1 1 1 41 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 4 2 1 1 1 41 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 72 10 2 40 
  +----------- Cristariina  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Alasmidontina
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodonta **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 2 2 1 38 
  +-------- Cristariina        
  |                            
--+     +-- Anodonta_anatina **   
  |  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **      
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
     +--+                      
        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 40 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 4 3 196 16 2 39 
  +----------- Cristariina     
  |                            
  |  +-------- Alasmidonta     
  |  |                         
--+  +-------- Lasmigona       
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Simpsonaias     
  +--+                         
     +-------- Strophitus      
     |                         
     |     +-- Pyganodon       
     +-----+                   
     |     +-- Utterbackia     
     |                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Brachyanodon **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 9 2 61 22 2 37 
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 72 10 2 40 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
--+                               
  |  +----------- Alasmidontina   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Brachyanodon **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 53 13 1 39 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 1 1 1 39 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodonta **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 7 5 2 4 1 1 43 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionina        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 20 0 1 102 17 2 42 
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina                
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 22 0 0 39 
1

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 39 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Anodonta **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 39 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                      
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 2 10 2 1 39 
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 8 5 2 5 2 1 44 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionina        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 5 1 1 38 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                   
--+-- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                   
  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 2 5 2 1 41 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 1 1 1 39 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 4 0 0 38 
  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                   
--+-- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                   
  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 6 0 0 39 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Anodonta **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 4 0 0 39 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                      
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 6 2 1 39 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                      
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                   
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 33 9 1 39 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 12 0 0 38 
  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                   
--+-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |                   
  +-- Pseudanodonta **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 4 2 88 7 2 40 
  +-------------- Cristariina     
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Lasmigona       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pyganodon       
           +--+                   
              +-- Strophitus

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 11 0 0 37 
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                   
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 39 
  +-- Cristariina
--+              
  +-- Anodonta **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 9 2 1 39 
  +-- Cristariina
--+              
  +-- Anodonta **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 16 6 2 39 
  +----------- Cristariina     
--+                            
  |  +-------- Alasmidontina   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 39 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 17 10 2 15 2 2 52 
  +----------------- Cristariina  
  |                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria  
  |  |                            
--+  +-------------- Anodonta **     
  |  |                            
  |  +-------------- Unionina     
  |  |                            
  |  |           +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+-----------+                
     |           +-- Pseudanodonta **
     |                            
     |           +-- Alathyria    
     |           |                
     |  +--------+-- Pronodularia 
     |  |        |                
     |  |        +-- Sinohyriopsis
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Quadrulina   
        |  |                      
        +--+-------- Parvaspina   
           |                      
           |  +----- Lampsilis    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Epioblasma   
              +--+                
                 +-- Venustaconcha

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 39 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Anodonta **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 14 0 0 39 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                      
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 2 88 7 2 39 
  +-------------- Cristariina  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lasmigona    
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anodonta **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pyganodon    
           +--+                
              +-- Strophitus

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 36 37 2 33 33 1 32 
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 4 1 1 37 
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                   
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 9 5 2 6 2 1 44 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionina

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 7 1 1 39 
  +-- Cristariina
--+              
  +-- Anodonta **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 14 0 0 39 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
--+                      
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 15 0 2 13 13 1 46 
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta **                   
  |                                 
  +----- Brachyanodon **               
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 0 0 -- 
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 25 25 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 8 0 1 67 10 2 34 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                   
        +-- Alasmidontina

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 13 0 2 14 14 1 40 
           +-- Platynaias   
           |                
  +--------+-- Lasmigona    
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodonta **     
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon ** 
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Utterbackia  
        +--+                
           +-- Pyganodon

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 100 4 1 -- 
  +-------- Pyganodon       
  |                         
  |     +-- Lasmigona       
--+-----+                   
  |     +-- Pseudodontoideus
  |                         
  |  +----- Alasminota      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta **        
     +--+                   
        +-- Brachyanodon **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 66 17 2 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 8 0 1 23 4 1 41 
  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |                            
--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta **        
        +--+                   
           +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 72 11 2 33 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                   
        +-- Alasmidontina

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +----- Alasmidontina
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Pseudanodonta **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 72 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 21 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 10 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 6 0 1 54 8 2 34 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                   
        +-- Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Alasmidontina
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 6 0 2 14 14 1 39 
           +-- Lasmigona    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
1

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 52 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 3 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Anodonta **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 11 7 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Alasmidontina
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina
--+              
  +-- Anodonta **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 13 13 1 39 
           +-- Pterosyna    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 38 9 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Pseudanodonta **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 72 11 2 33 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                   
        +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 66 17 2 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 37 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +----- Alasmidontina
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudanodonta **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 32 9 2 -- 
  +-------- Alasmidontina
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria    
     +--+                
        +-- Anodonta **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 7 0 1 51 11 2 38 
  +-------- Cristariina     
--+                         
  |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
     +--+                   
        +-- Alasmidontina

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodonta **     
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 8 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodonta **     
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 86 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Pseudanodonta **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 3 1 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina 
--+               
  +-- Brachyanodon **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 13 13 1 39 
           +-- Pterosyna    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 84 9 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 66 17 2 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 37 12 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 6 0 2 100 4 1 41 
  +----------- Brachyanodon **    
  |                            
--+        +-- Anodonta **        
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Alasminota      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Pyganodon       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lasmigona       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudodontoideus

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 27 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 5 2 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 6 2 -- 
  +----------- Sinanodonta  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anemina      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodonta **     
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 1 -- 
  +----- Pyganodon 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodonta **  
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 27 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 31 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 3 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 3 2 -- 
  +-- Cristariina  
  |                
--+-- Anodonta **     
  |                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 3 2 -- 
  +----- Alasmidontina
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 -- 
  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 5 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 5 1 -- 
     +----- Utterbackia  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodonta **     
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 2 1 -- 
  +----- Pyganodon 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodonta **  
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 8 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 25 1 1 -- 
  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 5 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 7 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 9 1 -- 
  +----------- Utterbackiana
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodonta **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Sinanodonta  
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristaria    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodonta **     
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_anatina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 81 9 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 6 2 -- 
  +----------- Sinanodonta  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anemina      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodonta **     
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Lasmigona    
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pyganodon    
     +--+                
        +-- Strophitus

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 3 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudanodonta **
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 6 2 -- 
  +----- Cristariina  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodonta **     
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodonta **     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina