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Page last updated
Wed 1 October 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ANODONTINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     3 subtribes, 1 genus

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 96 (117 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 4
analyzed in 340 cladograms in 191 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 41 (mean = 6.4, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.79, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 289
maximum number of included terminals = 41, (mean = 7.36 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.93, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 134
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 33 (mean = 8.29, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 2.6, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1039323352640
                 +-- Anemina **       
  +--------------+                 
  |              +-- Amuranodonta **  
  |                                
  |           +----- Parreysiini   
  +-----------+                    
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini   
  |           +--+                 
--+              +-- Indochinellini
  |                                
  |           +----- Pletholophus **  
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **   
  |  |        +--+                 
  |  |           +-- Beringiana **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Cristaria **     
     |  |                          
     |  |        +-- Alasmidontina ** 
     +--+--------+                 
        |        +-- Anodontina **    
        |                          
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Acuticostini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33332538837457
  +----------- Acuticostini 
  |                         
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |                         
--+----------- Unionini     
  |                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |  |                      
  +--+  +----- Cristariina **  
     |  |                   
     +--+  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        |  |                
        +--+-- Anodonta **     
           |                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414142300074
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                       
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363637200069
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333331122164
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282825231159
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282827200063
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725140054
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272724140054
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725200063
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725110059
1

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202003840054
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina **                
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **       
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202017317724449
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                        
--+  +----------------------- Unionini     
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini
        |  |                               
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **  
           |  |                            
           |  |  +----------- Anodonta **     
           +--+  |                         
              |  |        +-- Alasmidonta **  
              |  +--------+                
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **    
                 |                         
                 |        +-- Pyganodon **    
                 |  +-----+                
                 |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Simpsonaias **  
                       +--+                
                          +-- Strophitus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202013317925450
  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                            
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-------- Cristariina **  
     +--+  |                      
        |  |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
        |  |  |                   
        +--+  +----- Lasmigona **    
           |  |                   
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
           |  |                   
           +--+----- Simpsonaias **  
              |                   
              +----- Strophitus **   
              |                   
              +----- Anodonta **     
              |                   
              |  +-- Pyganodon **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Utterbackia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
204522317925456
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina **              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria **            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus **         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353734916350
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353734916352
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353634916348
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100051
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181633533349
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
--+                                               
  |  +----------------------- Unionini            
  +--+                                            
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637328449
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+                 +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181817200054
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181635854349
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637328449
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                            
  +--+                    +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181437728451
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                         
--+  +----------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                      
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------+                       
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  |                             
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
              |  |                          
              +--+----- Alasmidontina **       
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_anatina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637728449
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171810311149
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **        
  |                                         
  +----------------- Pyganodon **              
  |                                         
  +----------------- Alasminota **             
  |                                         
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **       
  |                                         
  +----------------- Unionini               
  |                                         
  +----------------- Cristariina **            
  |                                         
  |              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                          
  |              +-- Anodonta_californiensis **
  |                                         
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **       
  |              |                          
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **            
  |              |                          
  |              +-- Pterosyna **              
  |                                         
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **          
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **             
  |  +--------+                             
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **          
     |        +--+                          
     |           +-- Platynaias **             
     |                                      
     |  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Anodonta_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Anodonta_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16161424017445
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Acuticostini 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Cristariina **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161610200052
           +-- Platynaias **        
           |                     
  +--------+-- Lasmigona **         
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Pterosyna **         
--+                              
  |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **   
  |  |                           
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **     
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Utterbackia **       
        +--+                     
           +-- Pyganodon **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161613200052
           +-- Lasmigona **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Pterosyna **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15170311012247
  +----- Unionini             
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus **           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata **    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus **         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151710312412245
  +----------- Unionini            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Cristariina **         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                          
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        +----- Alasmidontina **       
        |                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
        +--+                       
           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513122148
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15152200051
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200051
           +-- Pterosyna **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Lasmigona **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200051
           +-- Pterosyna **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Lasmigona **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513312412246
  +-------------------- Unionini            
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141413160049
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141136614243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1414133242145
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136020447
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136020447
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313113150046
  +-------------- Cristariina **            
  |                                      
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **    
--+  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **        
  |  |                                   
  +--+        +-- Anodonta_californiensis **
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **   
     |  |                                
     +--+     +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **     
        |  +--+                          
        |  |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis **   
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **       
           +--+                          
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311364247
                 +-- Lanceolariini       
  +--------------+                       
  |              +-- Unionini            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                                
     +--+        +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
        |  +-----+                       
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
              +--+                       
                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313934020445
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                               
  +-------------- Unionini        
--+                               
  |           +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131312110048
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12121035620446
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129110049
1

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212112250045
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212102247241
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12128120047
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129200045
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121212100046
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111937432445
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111932915445
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1134323234266
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10312333021420
           +-- Anemina **               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria **             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010837834444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1022512412451
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus **           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina **                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula **     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101083737241
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116443
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **     
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              |  |                            
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010836325444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834616443
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Acuticostini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidontina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834317444
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionini     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10363033526413
              +-- Anemina **               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria **             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116441
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Unionini     
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Anodonta **     
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Strophitus **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010833021435
  +-------------- Acuticostini 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                         
  +--+----------- Unionini     
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010831313344
     +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101052230045.5
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta **  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10109160047
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010832828444
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973239243
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733913343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99712412442
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997120042
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973102141
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Alasmidontina **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99734018443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99732912343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997243144
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9961290044
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973229243
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733717443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973339143
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100046
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8313613723456
  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886120043
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172140
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100043
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172142
  +----------- Unio         
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aculamprotula
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8861135240
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100043
1

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887120044
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8292713521450
  +----------------------------------- Anemina **              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta **          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria **            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini        
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532210142
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534520441
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346241
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534711342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
772110045
1

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534610442
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753156140
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71452277444
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410341
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410241
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753145140
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346241
  +-------------- Aculamprotula
  |                            
--+           +-- Schistodesmus
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Unio         
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774100045
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100045
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7752277441
           +-- Cristariina **  
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                         
--+     +----- Acuticostini 
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6621290041
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642220040.5
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina **   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642960042
  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis **
  |                                
--+        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **          
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Pyganodon **           
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Lasmigona **           
        +--+                       
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663130043
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6641210042
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66433210440
              +----- Cristariina **  
  +-----------+                   
  |           |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |           +--+                
  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200042
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6862193140.5
  +-------------- Nodularia       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664120041
1

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
685222140
  +-- Unionini   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
61210381148
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+     +----- Unionini   
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  |  |  +--+              
  +--+     +-- Cristariina **
     |                    
     |  +----- Gonideini  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Quadrulini 
        +--+              
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6632960042
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642101142
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663100043
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665120044
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664110041
1

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642143240
        +-- Lepidodesmini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532266241
     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                   
  |  +-- Acuticostini 
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
595244143
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200040
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
518113134252
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Alathyria      
     |     |                  
     |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
     |  |  |                  
     |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrulini     
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Pleurobemini   
           |                  
           +-- Lampsilini

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553110040
1

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553275140
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200040
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553283141
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
555173242
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55333110440
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200042
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553120040
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532106239
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Cristaria **    
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anemina **      
     +--+                
        +-- Sinanodonta **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5531110042
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
597244140
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200042
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553233140
  +----------- Unionini        
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Cristariina **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudanodonta **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100040
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585233140
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100039
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442366238
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534239
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423134138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
484243141
  +----- Anodontina **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Margaritifera
     |                
     +-- Unionini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423193138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180042
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
443100042
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442263139
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4413166239
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Anodontina **   
     |                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812182153.5
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula      
     |                      
     +-- Unio

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180042
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442300038
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100037
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
475233140
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200037
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44221917339
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018339
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                                     
     +-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Unionini              
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Lasmigona **             
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anodontina **            
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Strophitus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534239
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
474233136
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44231313238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442120038
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100042
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812181154
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100037
1

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018339
  +-------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                     
--+           +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Unionini              
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontina **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423196238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441260039
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina **
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442110042
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186240
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200037
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330143138
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +-------- Unio_pictorum
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233137
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312170039
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310037
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233139
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33112216140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311450038
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331143138
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311149138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331173241
1

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331230039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331261139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33111411138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331271139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331290039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312312140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33121514138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331233138
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331220039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331164138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31001161148
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina **
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33123723439
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Acuticostini 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Cristariina **  
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311106339
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+        +-- Nodularia           
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotula

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100041
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331130040
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331250039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311440038
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233139
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Unio_pictorum
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus 
  |                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310037
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33111914138
  +-------- Aculamprotula
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3301127138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312134238
        +-- Anodontina **   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unio

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311116138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +-------- Unionini  
--+                   
  |  +----- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontina **
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201331--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202500--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Cristariina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201411--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
216021914448
  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
230110038
  +----- Sinanodonta **    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011621--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220119113--
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_crassus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201300--
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240240040
  +-- Cristariina **  
  |                
  +-- Lampsilini   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                
  +-- Quadrulini

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022700--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
280260044
  +-------------- Cristariina **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina **  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220112103--
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240120040
  +-------- Cristaria **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201981--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022400--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
216021914446
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina **     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina **      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013811--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022600--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_tumidus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontina **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21801166245
  +----------------- Sinanodonta **  
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Cristaria **    
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lamprotulini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Quadrulini   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Aculamprotula
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Acuticostini 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011200--
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202821--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
250233136
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014511--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011531--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
  +-- Anodontina **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotula

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Lasmigona_costata **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011311--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011552--
-- Anemina_arcaeformis **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014100--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
-- Pyganodon **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
-- Anodonta **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Anodonta **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013700--
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015500--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Sinanodonta_woodiana **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112112--
  +-------------- Unio            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontina **      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114133--
-- Anemina_arcaeformis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101961--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101311--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011331--
     +-- Schistodesmus
  +--+                
  |  +-- Aculamprotula
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +----------- Nodularia        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontina **       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **
 
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