Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ANODONTINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

3 subtribes, 1 genus

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 98 (119 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 4
analyzed in 356 cladograms in 201 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 79 (mean = 6.88, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.81, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 305
maximum number of included terminals = 79, (mean = 7.87 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.95, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 144
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 79 (mean = 9.09, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 2.63, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Anodontini cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Anodontini cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 39 32 3 35 26 4 0 
                 +-- Anemina **       
  +--------------+                 
  |              +-- Amuranodonta **  
  |                                
  |           +----- Parreysiini   
  +-----------+                    
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini   
  |           +--+                 
--+              +-- Indochinellini
  |                                
  |           +----- Pletholophus **  
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **   
  |  |        +--+                 
  |  |           +-- Beringiana **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Cristaria **     
     |  |                          
     |  |        +-- Alasmidontina ** 
     +--+--------+                 
        |        +-- Anodontina **    
        |                          
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Acuticostini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Unionini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
79 158 168 3 553 78 4 162 
                                +----- Amuranodonta **                
  +-----------------------------+                                  
  |                             |  +-- Anemina **                     
  |                             +--+                               
  |                                +-- Buldowskia **                  
  |                                                                
  |                                +-- Beringiana **                  
  |                          +-----+                               
  |                          |     +-- Pletholophus **                
--+  +-----------------------+                                     
  |  |                       |  +----- Mimo **                        
  |  |                       +--+                                  
  |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta **                    
  |  |                          +--+                               
  |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta **                 
  |  |                                                             
  |  |  +----------------------------- Cristaria **                   
  +--+  |                                                          
     |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini               
     |  |           |                                              
     |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
     |  |           |  +--+                                        
     |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                     
     |  |  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2     
     +--+  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1     
        |  |           |        +--+                               
        |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
        |  |           |                                           
        |  |           |  +----------- Globunio                    
        |  |           +--+                                        
        |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina             
        |  |              +--+                                     
        +--+                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina          
           |                 +--+                                  
           |                    |  +-- Unionina                    
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +-- Oxynaiina                   
           |                                                       
           |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus **            
           |  +--------------+                                     
           |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona **                   
           |  |              +--+                                  
           |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna **                   
           |  |                 +--+                               
           +--+                    +-- Arcidens **                    
              |                                                    
              |  +-------------------- Anodontina **                  
              |  |                                                 
              |  |     +-------------- Utterbackia **                 
              |  |  +--+                                           
              +--+  |  |  +----------- Pyganodon_grandis **           
                 |  |  +--+                                        
                 |  |     |  +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris **         
                 |  |     +--+                                     
                 |  |        |  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2 **      
                 +--+        +--+                                  
                    |           |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1 **      
                    |           +--+                               
                    |              +-- Lampsilini                  
                    |                                              
                    |  +-------------- Utterbackiana **               
                    |  |                                           
                    +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias **                 
                       |  |                                        
                       |  |        +-- Alasminota **                  
                       +--+  +-----+                               
                          |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **                 
                          |  |                                     
                          +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **               
                             |  +--+                               
                             |  |  +-- Platynaias **                  
                             +--+                                  
                                |  +-- Anodontoides **                
                                +--+                               
                                   +-- Strophitus **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 42 3 0 0 0 74 
  +----------- Cristariina **     
  |                            
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon **    
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                   
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 2 0 0 0 69 
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 25 3 89 38 4 56 
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+----------------- Unionini        
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Cristariina **     
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
        |  |                         
        +--+-------- Alasmidontina **   
           |                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Brachyanodon **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 1 2 2 1 64 
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 1 1 1 1 66 
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 29 1 4 0 0 57 
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 25 2 3 1 1 58 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 27 2 0 0 0 63 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 2 0 0 0 63 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 24 1 4 0 0 54 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 4 0 0 54 
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 1 0 0 58 
1

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 39 37 3 58 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Acuticostini 
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 70 40 4 58 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 47 24 3 180 27 4 56 
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina **              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria **            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon **         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus **         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 13 3 180 27 4 49 
  +-------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                     
--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                               
     |  |  +----------- Cristariina **     
     +--+  |                            
        |  |  +-------- Alasmidonta **     
        |  |  |                         
        +--+  +-------- Lasmigona **       
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Simpsonaias **     
           +--+                         
              +-------- Strophitus **      
              |                         
              |     +-- Pyganodon **       
              +-----+                   
              |     +-- Utterbackia **     
              |                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 0 3 85 0 0 54 
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina **                
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 17 3 178 26 4 48 
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini   
        |  |                                  
        |  |  +-------------- Cristariina **     
        +--+  |                               
           |  |           +-- Alasmidonta **     
           |  |  +--------+                   
           +--+  |        +-- Lasmigona **       
              |  |                            
              |  |     +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              |  +-----+                      
              |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+     +--+                   
                 |        +-- Brachyanodon **    
                 |                            
                 |        +-- Pyganodon **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Simpsonaias **     
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 35 36 3 49 16 3 50 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 35 37 3 49 16 3 54 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 35 37 3 49 16 3 52 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 58 54 3 49 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Lanceolariini
     |  |                         
     +--+  +-------- Cristariina **  
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 74 29 4 49 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 36 34 3 49 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Unionini     
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodonta **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 74 29 4 49 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Unionini     
  |  |                               
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodonta **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 35 33 1 49 
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristariina **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodonta **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 17 2 0 0 0 54 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 14 3 78 29 4 51 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini      
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Unionini           
  |  |                                     
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini       
     |  +-----------+                      
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini      
     +--+                                  
        |  +----------- Cristariina **        
        |  |                               
        +--+  +-------- Brachyanodon **       
           |  |                            
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **      
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **    
              |  |                         
              +--+----- Alasmidontina **      
                 |                         
                 |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Anodonta_anatina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 78 29 4 49 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 18 10 3 1 1 1 49 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon **                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota **                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionini                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias **                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 124 52 4 51 
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini      
  |                                              
--+  +----------------------- Unionini           
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini      
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------------- Acuticostini       
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **        
           |  |                                  
           +--+           +-- Anodonta_cygnea **    
              |  +--------+                      
              |  |        +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
              +--+                               
                 |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **   
                 +--+                            
                    |  +----- Alasmidontina **      
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-- Brachyanodon **       
                       +--+                      
                          +-- Pseudanodonta **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 10 2 0 0 0 52 
           +-- Platynaias **   
           |                
  +--------+-- Lasmigona **    
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodonta **     
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon ** 
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                
           +-- Pyganodon **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 2 40 17 4 45 
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Acuticostini 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Cristariina **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 13 2 0 0 0 52 
           +-- Lasmigona **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 123 12 2 45 
  +-------------------- Unionini        
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Alasmidontina **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 2 2 1 48 
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 17 0 3 109 12 2 46 
  +----- Unionini             
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Brachyanodon **         
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus **           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata **    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus **         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 17 10 3 123 12 2 44 
  +----------- Unionini        
  |                            
--+  +-------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Cristariina **     
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
     |  |                      
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                      
        +----- Alasmidontina **   
        |                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Brachyanodon **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 51 
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 51 
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 2 2 0 0 0 51 
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta **                   
  |                                 
  +----- Brachyanodon **               
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 13 1 6 0 0 49 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 11 3 66 14 2 42 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 62 12 2 42 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 62 12 2 42 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 13 3 25 2 1 45 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 9 3 40 20 4 45 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                               
  +-------------- Unionini        
--+                               
  |           +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 1 1 0 0 48 
1

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 15 0 0 46 
  +-------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                          
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **        
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **           
           +--+                              
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 6 4 2 47 
                 +-- Lanceolariini      
  +--------------+                      
  |              +-- Unionini           
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Cristariina **        
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **   
     |  |                               
     +--+        +-- Brachyanodon **       
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **      
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **      
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
              +--+                      
                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 61 21 4 47 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 61 21 4 47 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 1 2 0 0 47 
1

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 57 21 4 46 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 1 0 0 49 
1

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 2 26 0 0 45 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 2 0 0 0 45 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 24 7 2 41 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 34 32 3 23 4 2 67 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 75 33 4 45 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 29 15 4 45 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 13 13 3 44 
     +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 5 2 23 0 0 45.5 
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta **  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 72 7 2 40 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 1 6 0 0 47 
1

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 36 30 3 35 26 4 13 
              +-- Anemina **               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria **             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 81 16 4 43 
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **     
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              |  |                            
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 29 29 4 44 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 32 24 3 31 22 4 19 
           +-- Anemina **               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria **             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 81 16 4 41 
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Unionini     
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Anodonta **     
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Strophitus **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 78 33 4 44 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 22 5 1 24 12 4 52 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus **           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina **                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula **     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 64 26 4 44 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 46 16 4 43 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Acuticostini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidontina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 44 18 4 44 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionini     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 31 22 4 34 
  +-------------------- Globunionina   
  |                                    
  |              +----- Aculamprotulina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Unionina       
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Oxynaiina      
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Acuticostini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Cristariina **    
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Alasmidontina **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 13 11 3 31 22 4 34 
  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina **   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria **    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina **      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus ** 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 31 22 4 34 
  +-------------- Acuticostini 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                         
  +--+----------- Unionini     
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 46 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 23 9 2 43 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 29 0 0 44 
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 4 3 1 44 
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 29 12 3 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 10 2 1 41 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Alasmidontina **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 39 13 3 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 33 9 1 43 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 22 9 2 43 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 37 17 4 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 2 0 0 42 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 35 13 3 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 24 12 4 43 
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 35 13 3 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 40 18 4 43 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 13 5 2 41 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 43 
1

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 2 0 0 44 
1

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 43 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 31 29 1 37 23 4 51 
  +----------------- Anemina **        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria **      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 17 2 1 40 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 17 2 1 42 
  +----------- Unionina       
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Cristariina **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Anodontina **     
        +--+                  
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 43 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 33 38 1 39 25 4 58 
  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 46 10 4 42 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 27 7 4 41 
           +-- Cristariina **  
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                         
--+     +----- Acuticostini 
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 23 11 1 42 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 46 11 3 42 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 2 1 1 0 0 45 
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 34 6 2 41 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 15 6 1 40 
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 24 10 3 41 
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 46 21 4 41 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 34 6 2 41 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+           +-- Oxynaiina      
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cristariina **    
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Anodontina **     
           +--+                  
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 14 5 1 40 
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 14 5 2 27 7 4 44 
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 45 
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 45 
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 24 10 2 41 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 8 5 2 2 2 1 40 
  +-- Unionini   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 12 10 3 8 1 1 48 
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+     +----- Unionini   
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  |  |  +--+              
  +--+     +-- Cristariina **
     |                    
     |  +----- Gonideini  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Quadrulini 
        +--+              
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 2 96 0 0 42 
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 8 6 2 19 3 1 40.5 
  +-------------- Oxynaiina       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 3 0 0 43 
1

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 43 
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 10 1 1 42 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 14 3 2 40 
        +-- Lepidodesmini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 24 2 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 39 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 2 1 29 0 0 41 
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 1 0 0 41 
1

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 96 0 0 42 
  +----------- Brachyanodon **    
  |                            
--+        +-- Anodonta **        
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Pyganodon **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lasmigona **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 33 11 4 40 
        +----- Cristariina **    
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Anodontina **     
  |     +--+                  
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **  
--+                           
  |        +-- Acuticostini   
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 22 0 0 40.5 
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina **   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 24 2 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 41 
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 21 0 0 42 
1

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 42 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 2 0 0 44 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 8 5 2 3 3 1 40 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 26 23 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 7 5 1 40 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 9 5 2 4 4 1 43 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 42 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 6 2 41 
     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                   
  |  +-- Acuticostini 
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 40 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 10 6 2 39 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Cristaria **    
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anemina **      
     +--+                
        +-- Sinanodonta **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 3 3 1 40 
  +----------- Unionini        
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Cristariina **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudanodonta **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 40 
1

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 40 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 11 0 0 42 
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 32 11 4 40 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 26 23 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 8 3 1 41 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 5 1 7 3 2 42 
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 9 7 2 4 4 1 40 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 2 0 0 40 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 40 
1

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 18 11 3 13 4 2 52 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Alathyria      
     |     |                  
     |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
     |  |  |                  
     |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrulini     
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Pleurobemini   
           |                  
           +-- Lampsilini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 42 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 37 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41 
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 37 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 43 2 1 39 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 18 1 2 18 2 1 53.5 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 6 6 2 38 
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 43 15 2 38 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 19 6 2 38 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 42 
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 2 6 0 0 39 
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina **
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 42 2 1 39 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 8 4 2 4 3 1 41 
  +----- Anodontina **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Margaritifera
     |                
     +-- Unionini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 3 16 6 2 39 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Anodontina **   
     |                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 18 6 2 40 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 43 2 1 39 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 39 
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 39 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 0 0 38 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 15 3 1 38 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 20 18 3 39 
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                                     
     +-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Unionini              
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Lasmigona **             
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anodontina **            
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Strophitus **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 0 0 42 
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 32 11 2 38 
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 18 1 2 18 1 1 54 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 0 0 42 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 53 4 2 39 
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 42 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 14 14 2 38 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 18 6 2 38 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 0 0 42 
1

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 27 12 3 39 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 7 4 2 3 3 1 36 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 15 3 1 38 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 6 3 1 39 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 7 5 2 3 3 1 40 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 42 2 1 39 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 19 17 3 39 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 37 
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 32 11 2 38 
        +----- Cristariina **    
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Anodontina **     
  |     +--+                  
--+        +-- Alasmidontina **  
  |                           
  |  +-------- Oxynaiina      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Unionina       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 19 3 1 38 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 0 0 0 38 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 27 12 3 39 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Cristariina **    
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 53 4 2 39 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 37 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 13 4 1 38 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 20 18 3 39 
  +-------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                     
--+           +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Unionini              
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontina **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 8 2 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40 
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina **
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 0 0 40 
1

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 7 3 2 40 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40 
  +-------- Unio_pictorum
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 43 0 0 38 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 4 3 1 38 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 4 3 1 38 
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 41 
1

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 17 0 0 39 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 11 6 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 4 2 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 20 15 1 38 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristariina **    
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 14 9 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 39 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 13 4 2 38 
        +-- Anodontina **     
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Cristariina **    
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 37 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 7 1 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 3 1 38 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 6 1 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 2 0 0 39 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 4 2 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 22 16 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 44 0 0 38 
1

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 5 0 0 39 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 0 0 39 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 12 7 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38 
1

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 14 11 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 39 25 4 39 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Acuticostini 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Cristariina **  
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 9 0 0 39 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 15 14 1 38 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 31 2 1 40 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40 
  +----- Unio_pictorum
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus 
  |                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38 
1

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 10 0 1 16 1 1 48 
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 6 4 1 38 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 1 0 0 37 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 45 0 0 38 
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40 
  +-------- Unionini  
--+                   
  |  +----- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontina **
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 8 2 1 39 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 39 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 10 6 3 39 
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 1 0 0 37 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 20 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
1

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
1

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 10 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 1 2 0 0 40 
  +-------- Cristaria **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Unio_tumidus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontina **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 20 20 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 18 0 1 16 6 2 45 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Cristaria **      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Lamprotulini   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Quadrulini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Acuticostini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
1

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Cristariina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 3 3 1 36 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
1

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Unio_crassus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 2 1 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 15 8 3 -- 
  +----------- Unionina     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Globunionina 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
1

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 8 0 2 6 0 0 44 
  +-------------- Cristariina **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina **  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 2 4 0 0 40 
  +-- Cristariina **  
  |                
  +-- Lampsilini   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                
  +-- Quadrulini

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 16 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 19 11 3 -- 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 38 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 1 1 0 0 38 
  +----- Sinanodonta **    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 15 4 48 
  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 24 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 15 4 46 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina **       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina **        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 7 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Lasmigona_costata **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 7 1 -- 
  +----------- Oxynaiina        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontina **       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Sinanodonta_woodiana **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 3 1 -- 
     +-- Oxynaiina      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontina **     
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 3 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 5 2 -- 
-- Anemina_harlandi **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 13 3 -- 
-- Anemina_harlandi **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 2 -- 
  +----------- Unionina          
  |                              
--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Oxynaiina         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodontina **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini